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1、学习好资料欢迎下载动名词的用法总结李靖动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing 构成，否定形式为 not doing ，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语、状语和宾补。1 作主语 ( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being. 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要 16 个小时。- What made him angry? - Mary s /My/Hi
2、s/Her Their/ The boys/ The president s being late. 比较： Being exposed to the sun is harmful to the skin. Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. 句型: Its no use/no good doing sth 做.没有用处 /好处It s a waste of time doing sth
3、 做. 浪费时间比较： It is adj for/ of sb to do sth. 练习： 1._ in a well-known university is what everyone wished for A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The girls being educated D. The girl to be educated 2.- Who is the man_ to the teacher? - A model worker_ our school. A. talks, visits B. is tal
4、king; is visiting C. talking; visiting D. talking; visited 参考答案： CC 2.作定语（前置定语和后置定语）前置定语：一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“ 用于 的” 或表示 “ 处于某件事情中的” 含义。例如： swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器waiting room 候车室running water 自来水 working people 劳动人民 sl
5、eeping child 熟睡孩子区别下面短语：the developing countries/ the developed countries the falling/ fallen leaves the people present 到场的人 / the present people 现在的人the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱the boiling/ boiled water. 后置定语：There are many people _ (wait) outside the hall. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - -
6、 - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载There are many problems _ ( remain) to be solved. The flowers _ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people. There are many people _ (invite) to the party. The film, _ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal. The meeting_(hol
7、d) now is of great importance. The meeting_(hold) yesterday was of great importance. The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. He is always the first_ (come) and the last _ (leave). He is the only person _(know) the truth. He was the best _ (do) the job. 参考答案：waiting/ remianing/ smelling
8、/ invited/ set/ being held/ held/ to be held/ to come/ to leave/ to know/ to do 3.作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“ 某件事” 等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。比较下列区别excited/
9、disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring He is moved by the moving movie. 4.作宾语考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑） ;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议); excuse/pardon( 原谅)；a
10、dmit/acknowledge( 承认)；delay/postpone/put off( 推迟); imagine/fancy(想像)；avoid（避免）；miss（错过）； practise （练习） ;deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate( 感谢);forbid(禁止); mind(介意); escape( 逃脱 )；enjoy（享受）；risk (冒险)；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with( 容忍 )；quit（停止）advocate （提倡）；resist （抵制） understand （理解）； allow/permit(允许
11、) f eellike doing sth（喜欢做某事 ; give up doing (放弃做某事 ); keep doing( 不停的做某事 );be busy doing sth; can t help doing sth （情不自禁）; be worth doing sth ( 值得做某事 )； have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做.有困难 /麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth; have fun doing sth It is no use/good doing sth 做. 没有用处 /好处There is n
12、o point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事Its a waste of time doing sth 做. 浪费时间精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done 值得做某事forget，go on
13、，mean，regret ，remember ，stop，try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。forget to do sth _ forget doing sth _ go on to do sth _go on doing sth _ mean to do sth_ mean doing sth_ regret to say/tell/inform/announce_ regret doing sth/having done_ remember to do sth_ remember doing sth_ stop to do sth_ stop doing st
14、h_ try to do sth_ try doing sth_ be afraid to do sth_ be afraid of doing sth_ be sure to do sth_ be sure of doing sth_ Let s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着
15、做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）在 allow，advise，forbid，permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作
16、宾语补足语。如：We don t allow smoking here. We don t allow students to smoke. 动词 need ，require，want 作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语 devote oneself/ one s time to(把.
17、贡献给.)； look forward to(期望 )； pay attention to( 注意)；attach importance to ( 重视)； be used/accustomed to( 习惯于做某事 )；when it comes to ( 当谈到做某事),get down to(着手 )； prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢.而不喜欢）; turn to doing sth( 转向)； thanks to(多亏); lead to( 导致)；the key to doing sth( 做某事的关键 )；object to/be opposed
18、to(反对 )；contribute to(有助于 )；be addicated to doing sth(沉湎于；对.上瘾)；make contributions to( 对.做出贡献 ) ；due to （由于） ；apply oneself to ( 致力于) ；stick to （坚持） ；come close to （接近于） 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3
19、页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载在 love，hate ，prefer，like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 5.动名词作状语动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词
20、作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (时间) = While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. Living far from the comany, he has to get up early every morning.(原因) =Because he lives far from the comany, he has to get up early
21、 every morning. Not konwing her address, I might as well telephone her to come. (原因) = Because I didn t know her address, I might as well telephone her to come. Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried. ( 原因) He sat on the sofa, watching Tv. ( 伴随状语 ) = He sat on the sofa an
22、d watched Tv. Her parents died in 1990, leaving her with her yonger brother.(结果状语 ,表示自然而然的结果 ) 比较下面的句子：When he hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.（结果状语 ,表示出乎意料的结果） Using your head, you will find a way. (条件) = If you use your head, you will find a way. He came running back
23、 to tell me the news.(方式) Woking hard, he didn t feel a bit tired.( 让步) = Although he worked hard, he didn t feel a bit tired. 固定的结构generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given 考虑到judging from/by 根据.判断 compared with 与.相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supp
24、osing/ assuming 假设to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall. Judging from his look, he didn t agree with you at all. I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began
25、to rain. 独立主格主从句主语不一致，从句可变为非谓语，带有自己的逻辑主语.该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载常见的
26、独立主格结构有如下几种：1). 名词/主格代词 +现在分词。名词 /主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn” t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2). 名词 /主格代词 +过去分词。名词 /主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：The problems so
27、lved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。Her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldn” t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了， 她看不见黑板上的字。 3). 名词/主格代词 +不定式。 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：He is going to make a model plane, some
28、 old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。4). 名词/主格代词 +形容词。如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席， 会议不得不
29、取消。 5). 名词/主格代词 +副词。如：He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。6). 名词 /主格代词 +介词短语。如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。7). There being +名词（代词）如：Ther
30、e being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。8). It being +名词（代词）如：It being christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日， 所有商店都关门了。 独立主格结
31、构的特点：1）独立主格结构的 逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。with复合结构的构成with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成 with 复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。with 复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、 时间、条件、伴随、方式等。且 with 后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1）with+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms. 精品资料
32、- - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）With winter coming on，its time to buy warm clothes. 4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有 “ 将来” 的含义）I ca
33、nt go out with all these dishes to wash. 5）with+宾语+形容词 /副词Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 1）_ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o colck. 2)_(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 3) _(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed. 4) _(clean) t
34、he desks, we began reading. 5)_(surround) for a month, the enemy had to gfive in. 6) _(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police. 参考答案： to sleep; seen; seeing; Having cleaned; having been surrounded; lost 6.作宾补时tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask + sb to doHe as
35、ked me to finish it in time. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. feel(一感 ); hear listen to( 二听); have make let( 三使)；see watch observe notice look at find (六看) + sb do/doing/done 等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to. I heard him call me several times. Tom was made to sing. I heard her singing the s
36、ong when I passed her room. Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. We found the village greatly changed. I heard the song sung in english many times. 注：上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时其后的不定式一般需带to，如：He was seen to come The boy was made to go to bed early. 比较：get sb to do sth= let/ make have sb do sth
37、get sth done= have sth done get sb sth doing 使某人 /某物开始行动起来have sb doing sth 使某人不停地做某事get done 被. The teacher get us to read the text aloud. Her son has been ill for days .She needs to get him examined in the hospital. He managed to get the horse running. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师
38、归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载we couln t get the car starting. He got run by the car. 注意： have 表示“有”have sth to do ( 主动) have sth to be done ( 被动) I have a lot of clothes to wash today. I am going to do some washing today.Do you have any clothes to be washed. 在 do n
39、othing anythingeverything but(except) do sth 结构中。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch Tv 昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。但是，如果谓语动词不是 “do nothing，anything，everything ”，那么 but(except) 所跟的不定式则仍须带。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking 医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silen
40、t除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。练习题、单项选择：1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughingB. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being g
41、ivenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here.- You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to takeD. to put；taking5.His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；paint
42、ingD. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.
43、A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked afterD. taken good care of8.Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning ；learningC. learning about ；learn D. learning about ；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing
44、 C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remembe
45、r _ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；postB. hearing ；to postC. be heard ；posting D. be hearing ；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to readB. to seeC. readingC. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15.
46、We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite C. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? Im trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - -
47、 - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seenD. to have seen18.Id like to suggest _ the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage _ the wo
48、rk without _.A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being done B. doing；doingC. to be done ；to be done D. to be done ；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _ the work.A.
49、 finishB. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1 rB. answeringC. writingD. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for
50、my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I _ it at home. Then I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take B. may leave ；takingC. might leave；to take D. could have left ；taking25. _ the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearing C. W