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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除常用介词1. about a.关于=on eg. give sb advice on how to learn English b到处 look about环视c. 大约 d. be about to do即将做 I was about to leave when the phone rang.2.above在。上方/over在垂直的上方 反义：below在。下方3.across 横穿，从表面 through竖穿，从内部4.after在（位置，时间）后 / behind在（位置）后 before在（位置，时间）前/in front of在（位置）
2、前 look after/run after/ after=according to在（时间）后- in+时间段+将来时 how soon?after +时间段+过去时 when?after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时or一般过去时）when?如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.时间段+later+过去时 when?5.behind 在（位置）后 He hangs
3、his coat on a nail behind the door. 他把外套挂在门后的一颗钉子上。 beyond 超过 This work is beyond my grasp. 这件工作非我力所能及。 His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围。 6.沿着 a. along(没有方向性) We went for a walk along the shore.我们沿着海岸散步。b.up(向上，向说话者走来) The boy climbed up the tree. 这个男孩爬上树。c.down(向下，向说话者走去) Will you
4、 walk down to the lake with her? 你跟她走到湖那头去好吗？ 7.在之间 a.between在两者之间b.among在三者或以上之间 1.She was sitting between John and Tom.2. What were you doing between eight and nine?3. Whats the defference between the two words?4. we found a little house among the trees.5. The students lived and worked among the w
5、orkers.between , among 是介词，必须 +宾格：between you and me8. at+地点（小地方） in+地点（大地方） Ive been at our school/in the USA. at the table 在桌边 at表示“向，朝” look at / laugh atshoot sb 射死，射中/ shoot at sb朝射击The hunter shot at the tree , but he didnt shoot any birds. At+时间点 At+价格 At+速度9.beside=next to在旁边 besides除外还 Besi
6、des milk and cheese, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。 except/ but 除外 Every one of us, except him, went to watch the basketball match.除他以外,我们都去观看了蓝球比赛。 except for +noun除外(总体肯定，局部否定) except that+clause除外(总体肯定，局部否定) Your compasitions are good except for a few spelling mistakes.but的几个用法: nothing bu
7、tnobody buthave no choice but to docant do anything but do10.by被在旁 by the window/ by the river He sat down just by the door.他正坐在门的旁边。by+noun 通过方式（手段）by bus/ get on the bus/ get off the bus get into the car/get out of the car She earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱。by+时间的用法 by+now 与现在完成时连用 by+过去时间 与过去完成时
8、连用 by+将来时间 与将来完成时或一般过去时连用 We have learned over 2000 words by now. We had learned over 2000 words by the end of last term. We Will learn/will have learned over 2000 words by the end of this term.11.during+宾语 不加从句 在我居住在南京期间： during I stayed in Nanjing (wrong) during my staying in Nanjing (right)实例。I p
9、osted the letter some time _ the week . A. in B. during C. throughout D. within答案是B项。介词during后面总是一个表示时间的名词，这一名词可以指整段时间，如：It was very cold during the winter (整个冬天，天气都很严寒。)这一名词也可以指一段时间中的时点或时刻，如：She has phoned him four times during the last half an hour . （在刚才的半个小时内，她给他打过四次电话。）在这个例句里during可以被介词in代替，因为i
10、n具有within a period (在一段时间内)的意思。但在以下两种情况下不能用in代替during。（1）当所提及的是一个事件或一项活动，而不是一段时间时，如：I didnt learn much during my teacher training . (在教师培训中，我没学到多少东西。)；（2）在表示不明确的时间时，用some time + during表示，如：I dropped in on him some time during my visit to the city . (在我观光那座城市时，我曾顺便看望过他。)12.with和一起 to live with ones p
11、arents 和父母同住 带有 We take dictionaries with us. Without I cant do it without your help. 没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。13.in the morning/afternoon/evening at night 14.像 1).like like you像你那样 like that那样2).as+从句（或从句的省略句）Please do as I told you./ Please do as I did. as作为 consider/recognize/regardas 3). 几个短语：be like look
12、 like sound like the same as such as 15. 方位介词in the east ofon the east ofto the east of/east of在山顶 at the top of hill=on top of hillLast year he spent his holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.16. up to 1）.胜任，适合 The machine is up to requirements.这部机器符合要求。 The manager is well up to the wor
13、k.经理十分胜任这个工作。 2）是义不容辞的，是的职责 Its up to me to finance my yong brother to finish his college study.资助我弟弟完成其大学学业，我义不容辞。 It is up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应给他们力所能及的帮助。 3)取决于， 必须由.决定 Ive given you my advice; whether or not you act it is up to you.我已经把办法告诉了你，是否照办得由你决定了.Its up to you to get
14、 to school on time.你是否准时到校由你自己决定. 4)一直到(时间) Up to her fourth birthday, the baby slept in a crib.婴孩睡婴儿床一直睡至到四岁. We went swimming up to supper time.我们一直游到吃晚饭的时候. 5)一直到(数目),多达 There were eight fire engines at the fire.来到火灾现場的消防车多达辆. I can take up to six people in my car.我的车能载个人.up to date 最新的,現代化的,切合目前
15、情况的up to 的常见用法1.表示程度或数量,表示达到程度或数量,相当于as far as, to。如:Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.这个帐篷至多能睡十人。Everyone has his part to play, from the office boy up to the president.从办公室勤杂员到董事长,每个人都有自己的事做。Our football team played up to its best in the last League matches.我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平。2.表示时间限制,直到为止,相
16、当于till(也可用up till)或until。如:He was here up to a moment ago.他刚才还在这儿呢。The No. 5 bus runs up to 9 oclock in the evening.五路公共汽车一直开到晚上九点。注意:在将来时态中,应用until或till为好。如:Ill wait for you until / till ten oclock tomorrow.我将等你到明天十点钟。3.表示够;合格做;有资格做,相当于good/well/clever enough for或fit for。如:Michael is not really up
17、to the job.迈克尔确实不胜任那项工作.My German isnt up to translating that letter.我的德语还不行,翻译不了那封信。(to为介词,接V-ing形式)Do you feel up to going out, or have you still got a headache?你觉得可以出去还是仍觉得头痛?4.表示责任、义务,相当于the duty or responsibility of。如:It is up to us to do our best now.我们现在务必要尽最大努力。(sb.后接动词不定式)5.表示该做出决定,取决于,相当于d
18、ecided or chosen by。如:-Shall we go out for dinner or eat at home? -Its up to you. -我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢?-那要由你决定。(you后省略了to decide).6.表示做;忙于或从事于,相当于doing或busy doing/ with。(非正式语体中)如:The children are quiet; I wonder what they are up to!孩子们很安静,我不知道他们在捣什么鬼!What are you on earth up to?你究竟在搞什么名堂?7.表示知道或识破,相当于know
19、, aware of。如:He is not up to many things about sports.他对体育运动知道得很少。They cannot deceive me, for Im up to all their tricks.他们欺骗不了我,因为我能识破他们所有的诡计。 介词的分类和应用英语介词虽是小词，数量也不多，但它灵活多变，随处可见，功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中，介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色，不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫，那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃的提高。英语介词分类:按结构英语介词可分为3类：1简单介词（约有70个），如：in，
20、at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。2分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，speaking，judg-ing，talking等。3成语介词（约有500个）如：out of，apart from，because of，by means of等。按意义英语介词可分为3类：1. 时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。2. 地点介词,如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, insi
21、de, outside等。3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。介词 - 从不独立行动的精灵 英语介词不可单独使用，只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分。常用的五种介词短语1.介词+名词：at the door, into the bag2.介词+代词: for me, of others3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do5.介词+连接副词/连接
22、代词+不定式：on how to do this其他类型的介词短语6.介词+介词短语：from across the street, until after dinner7.介词+副词：from below8.介词+复合结构：with the light on9.介词+不定式（but/except)：did nothing but watch TV/ had no choice except to lie down to sleep介词 - 连接词与词的纽带 英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系1. 时间1）at表示在某一时间点: at 3 oclock2）in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点
23、： in 2004 in表示在某段时间的结束点：Ill see you again in a week.3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first period4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段：on Monday, on Sunday morning5) by表示不迟于某个时间：by now2. 地点1）at表示在某处（而非它处）：at school2) in表示在内部或某个范围内：in the office3) on表示在上面与某平面接触：on the table4) outside表示在某个范围之外：outside world5) und
24、er表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下：under a chair6) by表示靠近或接近：by the window3. 原因1）because of表示因为或以为理由：because of my father2) for表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图：for sale3) out of表示起源、来源或原因：out of duty4. 方式1）with表示以方式：with skill2）in表示以某种方式： in French, in cash，in this way5. 方法1) by表示方法、手段: by the back road, by bus, by working hard
25、2) on表示运送方式：on a train,on foot3) in表示途径或材料： in oils介词短语的词性: 1. 介词短语的词性-形容词1) 常用于做定语的介词短语的介词 of: a child of six with: a man with a suitcase in: a girl in red to: the key to the door for: a war for money about: an agreement about trade 2)常用于做表语的介词短语的介词 at: She was at a loss. beyond；The road is beyond
26、the hill. in: Hes still in danger. of: Its of no value. on: He is on guard. out of: Im out of job. under: Hes under forty.3) 用于做宾语补足语： I saw George at work. A cold kept him in bed for 7 days.2. 介词短语的词性副词1）做状语，主要用于修饰谓语： He has been here since Monday. Bake it is for two hours.2) 用于be+adj.结构： She is afraid of snakes. Im sorry about that.3) 修饰非谓语动词： I asked to speak to the headmaster. Thank you for doing this for me.【精品文档】第 6 页