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1、-第 1 页英语介词的用法-第 2 页介词(preposition):也叫前置词。在英语里,它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需和名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句)构成介词短语,才能在句中充当成分。介词的种类:(1)简单介词:about,across,after,against,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beside,but,by,down,during,for,from,in,of,on,over,near,round,since,to,under,up,with 等等。(2)合成介词:inside,into,outside,t
2、hroughout,upon,without,within(3)短语介词:according to,along with,apart from,because of,in front of,in spite of,instead of,owing to,up to,with reguard to(4)分词介词:considering,reguarding,including,concerning介词短语:构成 例句 介词+名词 We go to school from Monday to Saturday.介词+代词 Could you lookfor it instead of me?介词+
3、动名词 He insisted on staying home.介词+连接代/副词 I wasthinking of how we could get there.介词+不定式/从句 He gives us some advice on how tofinish it.介词的用法:一、介词 to 的常见用法1.动词+toa)动词+toadjust to 适应,attend to 处理;照料,agree to 赞同,amount to 加起来达,belong to 属于,come to 达到,drink to 为干杯,get to 到达,happen to 发生在某人身上,hold to 紧握,
4、lead to 通向,listen to 听,occur to 想起,object to 反对,point to 指向,respond to 回答,refer to 参考;指的是;涉及,reply to 回答,see to 负责,stick to 坚持,turn to 求助,write to 给某人写信。b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.-第 3 页announce to 通知某人,describe to 向某人描述,explain to 向某人解释,express to 对某人表达,mention to 提及,nod to 向某人点头,report to 报告,say to 告知,shou
5、t to 对某人大叫,suggest to对某人提建议,speak to 与某人交谈,talk to 跟某人谈话,whisper to 和某人低声耳语。c)动词+sth./sb.+to+sth./sb.add to 增加,compare to 比作,carry to 运送至,devote to 致力于,introduce to 介绍给,invite to 邀请参加,join to 连接到,leave to 委托给,reduce to 下降至,sentence to 判处,take to 带到。2.be+形容词/过去分词+tobe alive to 觉察;晓得,be attentive to 注
6、意;留心,be awake to 知晓,be blind to 缺乏眼光,be close to 紧挨着,be common to 对某人来说很普通,be contrary to 违反;反对,be devoted to 致力,be deaf to 不愿意听,be equal to 有的力量,be exposed to 暴露;遭受,be fair to 对公平,be familiar to 对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to 对某人心存感激,be good to 对有好处,be harmful to 对有危害,be important to 对重要,be kind to 友好对待,be
7、 known to 周知于,be married to 嫁给,be moved to 转移到,be near to 靠近,be necessary to 对有必要,be opposite to 在对面,be opposed to 反对,be pleasant to 合某人之意,be proper to 专属,be polite to 礼貌待人,be rude to 粗暴对待,be relative to 与有关,be strange to 不习惯,be similar to 类似,be suitable to 适合,be true to 忠实,be thankful to 感激,be usef
8、ul to 对有用,be used to 习惯。-第 4 页3.to+名词构成的词组to a degree 在某种程度上,to date 到现在为止,to ones feet 跳起来,to ones mind 照看来,toones surprise 使吃惊,to ones taste 符合胃口,to oneself 独自享用,to order 定做,to the letter不折不扣地,to the point 中肯地二、at 的常见用法 at 构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。1.动词+atarrive at 抵达,call at 访问某地,catch at(it)当场抓住,come at 攻击
9、,fire at 向开火,glance at 瞟一眼,glare at 怒目而视,grieve at 忧伤,knock at 敲,laugh at 嘲笑,look at 看一眼,pull at 拉扯,rejoice at对高兴,smile at向某人微笑,shoot at朝射击,stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向,tearat 撕,tremble at 颤抖,wonder at 吃惊,work at 工作。2.be+形容词/过去分词+atbe angry at 恼怒于,be alarmed at 对保持警觉,be astonished at 对吃惊,be bad at 不擅长,b
10、eclever at 对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴,be disgusted at 厌恶,be disappointed at 对失望,be good at擅长,be impatient at对不够耐心,be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对感到高兴,bepresent at出席,be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊,be shocked at对非常震惊,be terrifiedat 受到的恐吓,be quick at 对很机敏。3.at+名词构成的词组at a distance 在一定距离,at a loss 不知所措,
11、at a time 一次,at all 一点也不,at any cost 不惜一切代价,at best 最好也只是,at first 起初,at hand 手头,at heart 在内心里,at home 在家;无拘束,at last 最后,at least 至少,at most 最多,at once 马上,at present 目前。三、介词 on 的常见用法on 的用法比较重要,本文介绍它的一些常见用法:1.动词+ona)动词+on 要认真区分下面一些词组act on对有作用,bring on促使;导致,call on拜访某人,count on依赖,carry on执行,depend on
12、取决,feed on 以为生,figure on 料想;推断,go on 继续,have on 穿着,insist on 坚持,keep on继续,lean on 依赖,live on 以为生,pull on 迅速穿上,put on 穿上,switch on 接通(电源),taketo 喜欢;养成;轻易学会,turn on 接通(电源),work on 操作,wait on 侍候。b)动词+sb.(sth.)+on+sb.(sth.)base on 以为基础,congratulate on 恭贺,fix on 固定,have mercy on 怜悯,have pity on 怜惜,keep w
13、atch on 监视,spend on 把时间、精力花在某方面。2.be+形容词+on 的词组be dependent on 依赖,be hard on 对某人苛刻,be impressed on 对印象深刻,be keen on 渴望,be strict on 对严格。3.on+名词构成的词组on board 乘(车,飞机),on call 听候召唤,on duty 值班,on earth 到底,on fire 着火,on foot 步行,on guard 在岗,on hire 雇用,on holiday 度假四、介词 in 的常见用法1.动词+ina)动词+inbelieve in 信任,
14、break in 碎成,bring in 引起;产生;带来,call in 下令收回,fill in 填充,get in收获,hand in上缴,involve in涉及,lie in在于,result in导致,share in共享,succeed in成功,takein 卷起;订阅,turn in 归还当局。b)动词+sb./time/money+in-第 5 页help sb.in 帮助某人做某事,spare time/money in 匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in 花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in 浪费时间或钱做某事。2.be+形容
15、词+inbe active in 活跃于,be absorbed in 专心致志,be busy in 忙碌,be born in 出生于,be concerned in牵涉,be clothed in 穿着,be disappointed in 对失望,be diligent in 勤于,be experienced in 在有经验,be employed in 任职于,be engaged in 忙碌,be expert in 某方面的专家,be excellent in在优秀,be interested in 对有兴趣,be lacking in 缺乏,be rich in 富有,be
16、slow in 迟缓,besuccessful in 在某方面成功,be skilled in 精于,be strict in 严于,be weak in 弱于。3.in+名词in advance 提前,in all 总共,in balance 总而言之,in bed 卧床,in body 亲自,in brief 简明扼要,in case 万一,in charge 主管,in danger 有危险,in debt 负债,in despair 失望,in force 大量地;有效,in full 全部地,in flower 开花,in general 一般说来,in itself 本身,in l
17、ove 恋爱,in order井然有序,in person 亲自,in public 公开地,in progress 有进展,in practice 从实践上看,in rags穿着破衣,in research 探索,in return 作为报答,in ruins 一片废墟,in short 总之,in theory 从理论上看,in trouble 有麻烦,in tears 眼泪汪汪,in time 及时,in turn 按顺序,in vain 白白地,in view看得见。五、介词 from 的常见用法from 的用法可不能小瞧,你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。1.动词+froma)动词+fr
18、omcome from来自,date from追溯,depart from违背,die from死于,escape from逃出,fall from自跌落,hang from 垂挂,hear from 收到来信,learn from 向某人学习,return from 自某地返回,risefrom 自冒出,result from 起因于,suffer from 忍受。b)动词+sth./sb.+from+sth./sb./a placeborrow from 向借,choose from 选自,excuse from 免除,keep from 阻止做,prevent from 不准做,prot
19、ect from 不受之害,receive from 收到,remove from 移动;除去,save from 保全;拯救,separate from 分离开来,stop from 阻止。2.be+形容词+frombe absent from 缺席,be different from 与众不同,be far from 更不用说,be hidden from 躲避,bemade from 用制成,be tired from 因而疲倦。3.fromtofrom bad to worse 每况愈下,from beginning to end 自始至终,from cover to cover 从头
20、到尾,from China to Peru 到处,from day to day 一天一天地,from door to door 挨家挨户,from endto end 从头至尾,from first to last 自始至终,from hand to mouth 勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth 广泛流传,from sun to sun 从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe 从头到脚,from time to time 不时地,from top to bottom 彻底地。六
21、、介词 for 的常见用法1.动词+fora)动词+foraccount for 解释;说明,answer for 对负责,apply for 申请;请求,apologize for 为而道歉,begfor请求,call for要求,care for在意,enter for报名参加,fight for为而战,hope for希望,inquirefor 查询;求见,leave for 离开某地到另一地,look for 寻找,long for 盼望,mistake for 误认为,plan for 计划做某事,prepare for 为作准备,provide for 为提供,reach for
22、伸手去拿,run for-第 6 页竞选,stand for 象征,search for 搜寻,send for 派人去请,speak for 陈述意见、愿望,take for 当作,wish for 希望,wait for 等待。b)动词+sb.+for+sth.ask for 要求得到,blame for 因责备,excuse for 宽恕,forgive for 谅解,pardon for 原谅,pay for花钱买,praise for 称赞,punish for 对进行惩罚,push for 催逼,reward for 酬谢,thank for 对表示谢意。2.be+形容词+forb
23、e anxious for 急于做,be eager for 渴望,be bad for 有害于,be convenient for 便于,be good for利于,be famous for 以出名,be fit for 适合于,be grateful for 对心存感激,be impatient for对不耐烦,be late for 迟到,be necessary for 有必要,be ready for 作好准备,be sorry for 为而后悔,be responsible for 对负责,be suitable for 适合于,be unfit for 不适合,be usefu
24、l for 对有作用。3.for+名词构成的词组for all 尽管,for a song 非常便宜地,for certain 确切地,for company 陪着,for ever 永远,forexample 例如,for fear 以免,for fair 肯定地,for free 免费,for fun 为了好玩,for good 永远,for instance 比方,for luck 祝福,for life 终身,for long 长久,for nothing 白白地,for once有生第一次,for oneself 替自己,for pleasure 为了消遣,for reason 因为
25、理由,for sale 供出售,for shame 真不害臊,for short 简称,for sport 好玩,for sure 确切地。4.动词+副词/名词+for 构成的短语be in for 将遇到,make up for 弥补,go in for 从事,look out for 提防,take sth.for granted 把当作理所当然,have an ear for 音感好,have a gift for 有某方面的天赋。介词口诀:介词的用法早、午、晚要用 in,at 黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in。将来时态 in.以后,小处 at 大处
26、 in。有形 with 无形 by,语言、单位、材料 in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用 in。介词 at 和 to 表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日 on,关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和“一就”,on 后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of 之前 on 代 in。步行、驴、马、玩笑 on,cab,carriage 则用 in。at 山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随 with,具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被 b
27、y,单数、人类 know to man。this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under 正上下,above、below 则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。beyond 超出、无、不能,against 靠着,对与反。-第 7 页besides,except 分内外,among 之内 along 沿。同类比较 except,加 for 异类记心间。原状 because of,、owing to、due to 表语形容词under 后接修、建中,of、from 物、化分。before、after 表一点,ago、later 表一段。before 能接完成时,ago 过去极有限。since 以来 during 间,since 时态多变换。与之相比 beside,除了 last but one。复不定 for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向 towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for 否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。ing 型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全。in 内 to 外表位置,山、水、国界 to 在前。