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1、名师推荐精心整理学习必备Unit 1 How can we become good learners? Language points 1. I study by working with a group. 我通过小组活动来学习。by 作为介词，用法很多。请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by 的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。【例句】1) Come and sit by us. 2) Peter goes to work by bus every day. 3) Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. 4) English is spoken by lots of peo
2、ple. 5) My brother studies history by working with a group. 【结论】1) by 可表示位置，“ 在旁边 ” ，如句 1。也有“ 从旁边（经过） ”之意。2) by 可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句2。3) by 可表示时间， “ 到（某时）之前；不迟于” ，如句 3。4) by 可用于构成被动语态， “ 被，由 ” ，如句 4。5) by 可表示方式或手段， by + V-ing 形式” 结构在句中作方式状语，“ 通过方式（方法） ” 或“ 借助手段” ，如句 5。2. What about reading aloud to pract
3、ice pronunciation? 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？辨析 aloud, loud 和 loudly aloud出声地；大声地。常与read/ call等词连用 , 不用于比较级。e.g. Don t read aloud in the library.不要在图书馆大声朗读。loud 大声地；喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用 , 常用比较级。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - -
4、 - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备e.g. We cant hear you. Please speak louder.我们听不到你的声音。请再大声点。loudly 高声地；喧闹地。可以和loud 互换，含有 “ 吵闹” 的意思，不悦耳。What about/ How about? 后跟名词，代词或 v.-ing。用于征求意见。e.g. What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样？How about you? 你呢？What /How about going to the zoo this afternoon? 今天下午去动物园怎么样？3. Its too ha
5、rd to understand spoken English. 句中的 it 是形式主语 , 不定式短语 to understand spoken English 是真正的主语。 该句句型为 : Its+too+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth. 意思是 “(对某人来说 )做某事是 的” 。如：It s too important to keep healthy.It s difficult for him to learn two languages.【链接】too . to . 结构常表示 “ 太而不能” , too 后面接形容词或副词 , to 后面接动词原形。如：T
6、he room is too dirty to live in. He walks too slowly to get there on time. 【运用】将下面的句子翻译成英语。1) 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。It s dangerous for the children to swim in that river.2) 晚饭后散步太有必要了。It s too necessary to take a walk after supper. 3) 水太烫 , 不能喝。The water is too hot to drink. 1. Why did Wei Fen find it diff
7、icult to learn English? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备find it difficult/hard to do sth. 发现做某事很困难【find 用法归纳】find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很 find it + adj. to do sth.中的 it 是形式宾语 , ad
8、j.做宾补, to do sth.是真正的宾语。同类的动词还有think, feel, consider 等。2. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事【afraid 用法归纳】be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事 (担心出现某种不良后果 ) be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 ( “ 怕” 或“ 不敢” 去做某事 ) be afraid +that 恐怕( 礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗
9、憾的事) 3. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story . called=named 叫做【call 用法归纳】call sb.=telephone sb. =phone sb. =give sb. a call =ring sb. up 给某人打电话call on sb. 拜访某人4. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. discover v. 发现; 发觉指偶然或经过努力发现原
10、来客观存在但不为人所知的事物。e.g. Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于 1492 年发现了美洲。5. I also learned useful sentences like “It s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” a piece of cake和 serves sb. right是英语中的两个习惯用语, 也可称作习语idiom(s)。同汉语中的成语类似, 习语是人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一种固定表达方式 , 其意思往往不是字面所表达的含义。如: a piece of cake表
11、示事情非常简单、易于解决 , 相当于汉语的 “ 小菜一碟 ; 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备小事一桩 ”; serves sb. right 则相当于汉语说某人 “ 活该” 。6. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary. look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查
12、阅; 抬头看【look 用法归纳】look after 照顾look like 看起来像look out 当心, 小心look through 浏览look for 寻找look forward to 期待look around 向四周看have/take a look 看一看look over 检查1. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 该句句型是 It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 【注】若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy, difficult, hard, impo
13、rtant 等，须用介词 for。It s +adj. (kind, honest, friendly) + (of sb.) to do sth. 【注】若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good, kind, nice, wrong 等，用介词 of。2. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. connect v. 意为“ 连接；与 有联系 ”当表示把两个物体 （A 和 B）连接起来时，常用结构是 connect A to / with / and B，其中 to
14、表示把 A 接到 B 上，多用来指动作而不指状态。e.g. Connect the speaker to / with the record player, please. The subway connects the train station and / with the airport. 3. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. 【think 相关短语】名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15、- - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备think about 想起，考虑think of 想到，认为think over 仔细考虑think out 考虑好think up 想出来think through 认真地考虑4. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. even though=even if 即使, 引导让步状语从句【注】 even though 引导让步状语从句时，不能与but 连
16、用。5. , they are not afraid of making mistakes.(1) be afraid of sth/doing sth害怕做某事，担心（出现某种不良后果） 。(2) be afraid to do sth 害怕去做 , “怕” 或“ 不敢” 去做某事。(3) be afraid +that 恐怕, 用于礼貌地表达可能令人不愉快的消息。(4) 回答别人的提问时，可用省略形式I m afraid so (not)。6. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. (1) try on 试穿(2
17、) try to do sth. 努力做某事，侧重尽力做(3) try doing sth. 试图做某事，侧重尝试做(4) try ones best to do sth.= do ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事find out 寻找，查明【拓展】 find/look for/find out 找(1) find v. 找到，强调找到的结果(2) look for 寻找，强调找东西的过程(3) find out 查明，找到，指经过调查，询问等弄清事实的真相7. But whether or not you can do this well depends on
18、your learning habits. 1) 此句中 whether or not you can do it well是个从句，用作整个句子的主语。 这种从句叫作 “ 主语从句 ” 。又如：Whether you did it right or wrong isnt soimportant. Whats important is the experience you gained. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - -
19、- - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备2) whether or not 是英语从句的一个连词结构，意思和功能相当于whether, 表示“ 是否” ，常出现在宾语从句，主语从句中。使用时，也可把whether和 or not 分开，or not 放到句尾。例如: I cant tell whether or not the teacher likes me. 此句也可以写成 : I cant tell whether the teacher likes me or not. 8. Knowledge comes from questioning. question 在句子中作动词，是 “ 质疑；质
20、问；提问” 的意思。例如：I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it. 当 question用作动词， 表示对某人或事物进行提问时，是一种十分正式的用法，有“ 提问；询问；审问 ” 的意思。例如：The police questioned him for three hours before letting him go. 9. secret 秘密，秘诀；秘密的，保密的keep a secret 保密the secret to 的秘诀 let out a secret 泄露机密10.repeat 重复，重做re
21、peat 本身包含“重，又，再”的含义，故不可与again连用。11. increase 增加，增长increase by 增加了（后接差额，倍数或百分数） increase to （后接总数，即原有部分与所加部分的总和）12.connect （使）连接，与有联系connectwith 把和连接起来connect to 把连接到13.knowledge 知识，学问是不可数名词， 但有时可加不定冠词， 意为“对有某种程度的了解”， knowledge不能作 learn 的宾语， 只能说 get some knowledge . Grammar How do you learn English?
22、I learn by studying with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, 1 do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups. How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
23、 - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备动名词定义: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式 : V-ing 作用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词的基本用法1. 用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it 作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing
24、2) It is a waste of time + doing 3) It is fun + doing 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收）There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。2. 用作宾语1) 作动词的宾语常见的此类动词有： practise, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put o
25、ff, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to 等。e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a book and give a report. 2) 作介词的宾语1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises. 2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing
26、 our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late. 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备5. What/How about the two of us playing games ？3) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：rem
27、ember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。 (动作发生了 ) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。 (动作尚未发生 ) remember/forget/ regret to do 动作尚未发生doing 动作已经发生try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）regret to
28、do 对将要做的事抱歉doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔stop to do 停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手头的事情3. 作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what 引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at i
29、s what I hate most.) 动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式： （以 write 为例）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备时态语态一般时完成时主动语态writing having written 被动语态being written having been written 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 动名词的复合结构：动名词的逻辑主语动
30、名词动名词的复合结构Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）？Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语。I can t understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife.I can t understand his/him leaving his wife. Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -