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1、高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 2 ） has /have been done 现在完成时3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时4） was/were done 一般过去时5） had been done 过去完成时6） was/were being done 过去进行时7） shall/will be done 一般将来时8） shou
2、ld/would be done 过去将来时9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a
3、present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补
4、语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to 。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 ( 一般时态和
5、完成时态) 。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语 )。例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
6、 - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页3. 为了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“ It be过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth. ”。有：It is said that 据说,It is
7、reported that据报道， It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望， It is well known that众所周知， It is thought that大家认为， It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如 break ，catch ，clean ，d
8、rive ，lock ，open， sell ，read ，write ，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义, 主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, c
9、ome out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable. 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 在 need，want，require, be
10、ar等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 The house needs repairing（to be repaired） 这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading （ The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表
11、示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与 things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。 ) 试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是 post 动作的执行者。) 4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice ，easy，fit，精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
12、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页hard ，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant ，interesting等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了 for me ）. 5 在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 6. 在 there be 句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重
13、点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例 There is no time to lose （to be lost ） （用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ；用 to be lost ，谁 lost time不明确。）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而, 由于古英语的影响 , 下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 六、介词in, on, under等+ 名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名
14、词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under + 名词 ” 结构，表示 “ 某事在进行中 ” 。常见的有： under control （受控制） , under treatment（在治疗中） , under repair（在修理中） , under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中） 。例 The building is under construction( is being constructed). 2“beyond+名词 ” 结构， “ 出乎 胜过 、范围、限度” 。常见的有： b
15、eyond belief (令人难以置信 )， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及） ，beyond ones control （无法控制）， beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed ） 3. “above+ 名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “( 品质、行为、能力等) 超过 、高于 ”。例 His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough 4“for+ 名词”
16、结构，表示“ 适于 、 为着 ”。如： for sale( 出售 ), for rent （出租）等。例 That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold). 5“in+ 名词 ” 结构，表示 “ 在过程中或范围内” 常见的有： in print（在印刷中） ，in sight( 在视野范围内 )，等。例 The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed) 6“on+ 名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “ 在从事 中” 。常见的有： on sale( 出售 )，on show （展出） , on tr
17、ial （受审）。例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed). 7“out of+名词 ” 结构； 表示“ 超出 之外 “ ，常见的有： out of control (控制不了 )，out of sight （超出视线之外） ，out of one s reach(够不着 ), out of fashion(不流行 )等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名词 ” 结构， “ 在内、不超过 ”。例 He to
18、ok two days off within the teachers permission七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+ 过去分词 ” 作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时， be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页例 The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy
19、 （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 The door is locked （系表结构）The door hasalready/just been locked （被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired八、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993) A. is serv
20、ing B. is served C. serves D. served 解析 B 因为 serve 是及物动词，其动作承受者tea 作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002) A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 解析 C Ted 是 kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted 救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
21、3). - Have you moved into the new house? - Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 解析 A “house”和 “paint ”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上
22、海春2003 ）A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 解析 D decide 是及物动词， 动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以 decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet ，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.
23、（上海春 2001 ）A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked 解析B 句中tickets是 book( 订票 )的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。2高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the o
24、ld couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D 两项；又因remains 的逻辑主语it 是动词 see 说表示动作的承受者，即“ 到国外旅行 ” 这件事，这件事有待于 “ 被决定 ” ，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。2). Wh
25、ile shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海 1996）A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 解析 C cant help doing “禁不住做某事” ，排除 A 和 D；顾客应是 “ 被劝说 ” 购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海 2002 ）A
26、. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 解析 A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型，在 be to do 结构中， 在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame ， to let 等。【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept ；will have to B are not kept ；have C do not keep ；wi
27、ll have to D do not keep ；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes ，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive
28、 told C Im told D I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut6. T
29、he new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot o
30、f factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - What s th
31、e pret ty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页11.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA wri
32、te Bto write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isn t washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into
33、the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? - Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be
34、 read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having
35、taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching key 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB 被动语态专项练习题1.Our house_, A . is getting paintB . is getting paintedC . is got paintedD . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by
36、 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken outB . had been broken outC . has broken outD . broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been
37、invited to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页6.It_this way A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A . The childs name was calledB . The childs name cal
38、ls C . The child callsD . The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun ofB . was made fun C . was being made fun ofD . was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way A . It is considers wrongB .
39、 It is considered wrong C . It is considered its wrongD . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_at once. A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print 13.The story_in ChinA . A . was taken placeB . was happenedC . took placeD . has been taken place 14.The house_my parents
40、 A . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to 15.He_by his teacher. A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seenD . was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings. A . have been taken place, have been set up B . have taken place,
41、have been set up C . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set up 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps. A . furnished, finishedB . been finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, ful
42、l 18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here? A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. A . had already taken offB . already took off C . was already taking offD . was already taken off 20. Some of th
43、e hotels in my hometown_. A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now 21. If city noises _ from increasing ，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA . are not kept ；will have toB . are not kept；have C . do not keep； will have toD . do not keep；ha
44、ve to 22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A . developedB . have developed C . are being developedD . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes ，it all depends on the weatherA . Ive been toldB . Ive toldC . Im toldD .
45、 I told 24. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A . has completedB . completesC . has been completedD . is completed 25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut 26. The new susp
46、ension bridge _ by the end of last month. A . has been designedB . had been designed C . was designedD . would be designed 27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been
47、broken 28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set up C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set up 29. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A . had costedB . costedC . is costedD . cost 30.
48、- Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A . is being builtB . has been builtC . is builtD . is building 31.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt 32. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA .
49、writeB . to writeC . to be writtenD . written 33. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA . to typeB . typingC . to be typedD . typed 34. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A . wont wash outB . wont be washed out C . isnt washed outD . isnt washing out 35. Nobody noticed the t
50、hief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A . be put upB . give inC . be turned onD . go out 36. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A . belongsB . are belonged toC . belongs toD . belong to 37. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A