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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高中英语被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化2. 被动语态的特别结构形式 1带情态动词的被动结构；其形式为：情态动词be过去分词；例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾 语变为主语,另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面；通常变为主语的是间接宾语；例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He wa
2、s given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3 当“ 动词+宾语 +宾语补足语 ” 结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的 主语,其余不动；例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 要加 to；to 要省略,但变为被动
3、结构时,例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“ 动词介词 ” ,“ 动词副词 ” 等,也可以用于被动结构, 但要把它们看作一个整体, 不能分开； 其中的介词或副词也不能省 略；例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 ；例 I dont like bein
4、g laughed at in the public. 三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有许多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell, read,write,wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特点时,常用其主动形式 达被动意义 ,主语通常是物；表例 This kind of cloth washes well. 留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点,影响；而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门 , 指“
5、门没有锁 ”是人的缘由）2. 表示“ 发生、进行 ”的不及物动词和短语, 如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动 意义；例 How do the newspapers come out. 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义；例 Your reason sounds
6、reasonable. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义；1 在 need,want,require, bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式 房子需要修理；The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这2形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式；例 T
7、he picture-book is well worth reading（ The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中 另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义；例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon to do 与 things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主 谓关系； 试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be poste d. 此处
8、用不定式的被动语态作定语说明you 不是 post动作的执行者； 4. 在某些 “形容词不定式 ”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的规律宾语时,这常常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义；这些形容 词有 nice,easy,fit ,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting 等；例 This problem is difficult to work out . （可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）. 5 在 too to 结构中,不定式前面可加规律主语,所以应用主动形式表示被 动意义
9、；例 This book is too expensive for me to buy. 6. 在 there be 句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物；例 There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost,谁 lost time 不明确；）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动 , 被动表被动；然而 ,由 于古英语的影响 ,以下动词 rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义；例
10、Who is to blame for starting the fire. 五、介词 in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词；含被动之义, 其意义相当于该名词相1. “ under +名词” 结构,表示 “某事在进行中 ” ；常见的有： under control（受控 制）, under treatment（在治疗中） , under repair（在修理中） , under discussion（在 争论中） , under construction（在施工中）；例 The building is
11、 under construction is being constructed. 2“ beyond+名词 ” 结构,“ 出乎 赛过 、范畴、限度 ” ；常见的有： beyond belief 令人难以置信 , beyond onereach（鞭长莫及）,beyond ones control（无法掌握）,beyond our hope 我们的胜利始料不及 ；例 The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3. “ above+ 名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “ 品质、行为、才能等 超过 、高于 ” ；例 His honest character
12、is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4“ for+名词 ”结构,表示（出租）等；“适于 、 为着 ” ；如：for sale出售, for rent例 That house is for sale. = That house is to be sold. 5“ in+名词 ” 结构 ,表示 “ 在 过程中或范畴内 ”常见的有： in print（在印刷 中）,in sigh
13、t在视野范畴内 ,等；例 The book is not yet in print=is not yet printed 6“ on+名词” 结构 , 表示“ 在从事 中” ；常见的有： on sale出售 ,on show（展出） , on trial（受审）；例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum = are being showed. 7“ out of+名词” 结构 ； 表示 “ 超出 之外 “,常见的有： out of control 控制不了 ,out of sight （超出视线之外）,out of one 流行 等；s
14、reach 够不着 , out of fashion不例 The plane was out of control cant be controlled8“ within+名词” 结构, “ 在 内、不超过 ” ；例 He took two days off within the teachers permission六、被动语态与系表结构的区分当“ be+过去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承担的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的 特点或所处的状态时, be 后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词；其区分方法如下：1假如强调动作或句中有介词 否就为系表结构；by 引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,例
15、 The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2假如句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态；例 The door is locked （系表结构）The door hasalready/just been locked（被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,仍可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词 be只有一般时态和完成时态；例 The machine is being repaired七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析 1. In some parts of the
16、 world, tea _ with milk and sugar. NMET1993 A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 解析 B 由于 serve是及物动词,其动作承担者 tea作主语,表示常常发生的情形,故用一般现在时的被动语态；2. This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.NMET2002 A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 解析 C
17、 Ted是 kill 的承担者,用被动语态,且过去时的被动语态；3. - Have you moved into the new house. Ted救人发生在过去,所以用一般- Not yet, the rooms _. NMET1991 A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 名师归纳总结 解析 A “ house”和“ paint ”应当是被动的关系, 排除 B,D；后者未搬进新居的缘由第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
18、 学习必备 欢迎下载是房子正在油漆, 所以要用现在进行时的被动语态；作,排除 C；不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春 2003）A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 解析 D decide 是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承担者,所以 decide 要用被动语态；从题干的语境和关键词 不定式做主语用单数,故用现在完成
19、时的被动语态；yet,可判定用现在完成时,5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春 2001）A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked 解析 B 句中 tickets 是 book订票 的承担者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在 entered the office这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态；2高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语
20、动词的规律主语为动作的承担者时, 须用被动式；弄清非谓语动词与其规律主语之间的执行与承担关系是把握非谓语动词语态的关键；1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. NMET2002 A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 解析 B 依据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉 C、D 两项；又因 remains 的规律主语 it 是动词 see说表示动作的承
21、担者,即“到国外旅行 ”这件事,这件事有待于 “被打算 ”,应使用动词不定式的被动形式；don2. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they t really need. （上海 1996）A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 解析 C cant help doing 禁不住做某事 ”,排除 A 和 D；顾客应是 “被劝告 ”购物的,要用动名词的被动语态；3）. I feel it is your hu
22、sband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海 2002）A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 解析 A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型,在be to do结构中,在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态,如 to blame, to let 等；【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have
23、 to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developed 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been d
24、eveloped 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes,it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they
25、will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if
26、it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.
27、A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look. Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for.A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the material. - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 12.
28、 It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ,thank youA to type B typing C to be typed D typed 名师归纳总结 14. Take care. Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.第 5 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. wont wash
29、out B. won学习必备欢迎下载t be washed outC. isn t washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D
30、. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book. -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching key 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页