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1、高中英语被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。 以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 2 ） has /have been done 现在完成时3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时4） was/were done 一般过去时5） had been done 过去完成时6） was/were being done 过去进行时7） shall/will be done 一般将来时8） shoul
2、d/would be done 过去将来时9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a p
3、resent for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语
4、时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to 。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 ( 一般时态与完
5、成时态) 。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语 )。例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known pers
6、on got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“ It be过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth. ”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道， It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped 精选学习
7、资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态that 大家希望， It is well known that 众所周知， It is thought that 大家认为， It is suggested that 据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如 break ， catc
8、h ，clean ， drive ， lock ，open， sell ，read，write ，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义, 主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词与短语，如：happen, last, take place,
9、 break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable. 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 在 need，wan
10、t ，require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 The house needs repairing（to be repaired） 这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading （ The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时，又与句中另一名词或代词构
11、成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与 things是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。 ) 试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是 post 动作的执行者。) 4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice ，easy，fit，har
12、d ， difficult，important，impossible，pleasant ，interesting等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了 for me ）. 5 在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 6. 在 th ere be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例 There is no time to
13、 lose （to be lost ） （用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ；用 to be lost ，谁 lost time 不明确。）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而, 由于古英语的影响, 下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 六、介词in, on, under等+ 名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义， 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前精选学习资料
14、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态一般不用冠词。1. “under + 名词 ” 结构，表示 “ 某事在进行中 ” 。常见的有： under control （受控制） , under treatment（在治疗中） , under repair （在修理中） , under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。例 The building is under construction( is being constructed). 2 “beyond+名词 ” 结
15、构，“ 出乎 胜过 、 范围、限度 ” 。 常见的有：beyond belief ( 令人难以置信)， beyond one s reach（鞭长莫及） ，beyond one s control（无法控制） ，beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief（ =ca nt be believed） 3. “above+名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “( 品质、行为、能力等) 超过 、高于 ”。例 His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot
16、be praised enough4“for+名词” 结构，表示“ 适于 、 为着 ”。如： for sale( 出售 ), for rent（出租）等。例 That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold). 5“in+ 名词 ” 结构，表示 “ 在过程中或范围内” 常见的有： in print （在印刷中） ，in sight( 在视野范围内 )，等。例 The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed) 6“on+名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “ 在从事 中 ” 。常见的有： on sale
17、( 出售 )，on show （展出） , on trial （受审）。例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed). 7“out of+名词 ” 结构； 表示“ 超出 之外 “ ，常见的有： out of control (控制不了 )，out of sight （超出视线之外） ， out of ones reach( 够不着 ), out of fashion(不流行 )等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within
18、+名词 ” 结构， “ 在内、不超过 ”。例 He took two days off within the teachers permission七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当 “be+ 过去分词 ” 作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被
19、动语态。例 The door is locked （系表结构）The door hasalready/just been locked （被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态与完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be 只有一般时态与完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired八、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993) A. is serving B. is served C. serves D.
20、served 2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 3). - Have you moved into the new house? - Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being p
21、ainting 4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春 2003 ）A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four
22、-fifths of the tickets _. A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked 2高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。 弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be
23、seenC. seeing D. seen 2). While shopping, people sometimes can t help _ into buying something they don t really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海 2002 ）A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be
24、blamed D. should blame 【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept ；will have to B are not kept ；have C do not keep ；will have to D do not keep ；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. d
25、eveloped B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes ，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed
26、D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designedD. would be des
27、igned 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set
28、 up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - What s the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the material
29、? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write Bto write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily
30、.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed outC. isn t washed out D. isn t washing out精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 16. The computers on the
31、 table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to 17. - What do you think of the book? - Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being
32、caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again. A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching 专题训练1.Our house_, A . is getting paintB . is getting paintedC . is
33、got paintedD . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken outB . had been broken outC . has broken outD . broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . crossB . be crossingC . be
34、 crossed byD . cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.It_this way A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to
35、doing 8._Chaplin. A . The childs name was calledB . The childs name calls C . The child callsD . The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun ofB . was made fun C . was being made fun ofD . was bei
36、ng made fun 11._to say a thing in that way 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态A . It is considers wrongB . It is considered wrong C . It is considered its wrongD . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_at once. A . would be printedB . would printC . be pri
37、ntedD . print 13.The story_in ChinA . A . was taken placeB . was happenedC . took placeD . has been taken place 14.The house_my parents A . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to 15.He_by his teacher. A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seenD . was happe
38、ned to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings. A . have been taken place, have been set up B . have taken place, have been set up C . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set up 17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps. A . furnished, finishedB . be
39、en finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, full 18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here? A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. A . had already taken offB . alrea
40、dy took off C . was already taking offD . was already taken off 20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_. A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now 21. If city noises _ from increasing ，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA . are not kept ； wi
41、ll have toB . are not kept；have C . do not keep；will have toD . do not keep；have to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A . developedB . have developed C . are being developedD . wil
42、l have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A . Ive been toldB . Ive toldC . Im toldD . I told 24. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A . has completedB . completesC . has been completedD . is completed 25. Rainforests _ and burned at
43、 such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut 26. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A . has been designedB . had been designed C . was designedD . would be designed 27.When a pencil is partly in a gla
44、ss of water, it looks as if it _. A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been broken 28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set up C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set u
45、p 29. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A . had costedB . costedC . is costedD . cost 30. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A . is being builtB . has been builtC . is builtD . is building 31.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft. A . is
46、feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态32. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA . writeB . to writeC . to be writtenD . written 33. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA . to typeB . typingC . to be typedD . typed 34. Take care! Dont
47、drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A . wont wash outB . wont be washed out C . isnt washed outD . isnt washing out 35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A . be put upB . give inC . be turned onD . go out 36. The computers on the table _ Professo
48、r Smith. A . belongsB . are belonged toC . belongs toD . belong to 37. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A . to readB . to be readC . readingD . being read 38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A . catchingB . to be caughtC . being caughtD . to c
49、atch 39. This page needed _ again. A . being checkedB . checkedC . to checkD . to be checked 40. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises A . Having taughtB . Having been taughtC . taughtD . Teaching 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页高中英语被动语态八、被动语态与高考试题赏析1
50、 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1.解析B 因为 serve 是及物动词，其动作承受者tea 作主语，表经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2.解析C Ted 是 kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted 救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3.解析A “ house ”与“ paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4.解析D decide 是及物动词， 动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以 decide 要用被动语态。从题干的语境与关键词yet，可判断用现在