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1、Aaccounting会计 accounting cost会计成本 accounting profit会计利润adverse selection逆向选择 allocation配置 allocation of resources资源配置allocative efficiency配置效率 antitrust legislation反托拉斯法arc elasticity弧弹性 Arrows impossibility theorem阿罗不可能定理Assumption假设 asymetric information非对称性信息 average平均average cost平均成本 average cos
2、t pricing平均成本定价法average fixed cost平均固定成本 average product of capital资本平均产量average product of labour劳动平均产量 average revenue平均收益average total cost平均总成本 average variable cost平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry进入壁垒 base year基年 bilateral monopoly双边垄断 benefit收益 black market黑市 bliss point极乐点 boundary point边界点break even
3、 point收支相抵点 budget预算 budget constraint预算约束budget line预算线 budget set预算集Ccapital资本 capital stock资本存量 capital output ratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义 cardinal utility theory基数效用论 cartel卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption“其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model张伯伦模型change in demand需求变化chang
4、e in quantity demanded需求量变化change in quantity supplied供给量变化change in supply供给变化choice选择closed set闭集Coase theorem科斯定理CobbDouglas production function柯布-道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model蛛网模型collective bargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋command economy指令经济commodity商品commodity combination商品组合commodity market商品市场commodity spa
5、ce商品空间common property公用财产comparative static analysis比较静态分析compensated budget line补偿预算线compensated demand function补偿需求函数compensation principles补偿原则compensating variation in income收入补偿变量competition竞争competitive market竞争性市场complement goods互补品complete information完全信息completeness完备性condition for efficien
6、cy in exchange交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production生产的最优条件concave凹concave function凹函数concave preference凹偏好consistence一致性constant cost industry成本不变产业constant returns to scale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumer消费者consumer behavior消费者行为consumer choice消费者选择consumer equilibrium消费者均衡consumer optimization消
7、费者优化consumer preference消费者偏好consumer surplus消费者剩余consumer theory消费者理论consumption消费consumption bundle消费束consumption combination消费组合consumption possibility curve消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier消费可能性前沿consumption set消费集consumption space消费空间continuity连续性continuous function连续函数contract curve契约曲线con
8、vex凸convex function凸函数convex preference凸偏好convex set凸集corporatlon公司cost成本cost benefit analysis成本收益分cost function成本函数cost minimization成本极小化Cournot equilihrium古诺均衡Cournot model古诺模型Crossprice elasticity交叉价格弹性Ddeadweights loss重负损失decreasing cost industry成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale规模报酬递减deduction演绎
9、法demand需求demand curve需求曲线demand elasticity需求弹性demand function需求函数demand price需求价格demand schedule需求表depreciation折旧derivative导数derive demand派生需求difference equation差分方程differential equation微分方程differentiated good差异商品differentiated oligoply差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution边际替代率递减diminishing marginal
10、 return收益递减diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减direct approach直接法direct taxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale规模不经济disequilibrium非均衡distribution分配division of labour劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity边际生产率分配论duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality对偶durable goods耐用品dynamic analysis动态分析dynamic models动
11、态模型EEconomic agents经济行为者economic cost经济成本economic efficiency经济效率economic goods经济物品economic man经济人economic mode经济模型economic profit经济利润economic region of production生产的经济区域economic regulation经济调节economic rent经济租金exchange交换economics经济学exchange efficiency交换效率economy经济exchange contract curve交换契约曲线economy
12、of scale规模经济Edgeworth box diagram埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiency parameter效率参数elasticity弹性elasticity of substitution替代弹性endogenous variable内生变量endowment禀赋endowment of resources资源禀赋Engel curve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship企业家才能e
13、ntry barriers进入壁垒entry/exit decision进出决策envolope curve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibrium condition均衡条件equilibrium price均衡价格equilibrium quantity均衡产量eqity公平equivalent variation in income收入等价变量excesscapacity theorem过度生产能力定理excess supply过度供给exchange交换exchange contract curve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusion princ
14、iple排他性原则existence存在性existence of general equilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables外生变量expansion paths扩展径expectation期望expected utility期望效用expected value期望值expenditure支出explicit cost显性成本external benefit外部收益external cost外部成本external economy外部经济external diseconomy外部不经济externalities外部性FFactor要素factor deman
15、d要素需求factor market要素市场factors of production生产要素factor substitution要素替代factor supply要素供给fallacy of composition合成谬误final goods最终产品firm企业firmsdemand curve for labor企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination第一级价格歧视firstorder condition一阶条件fixed costs固定成本fixed input固定投入fixed proporti
16、ons production function固定比例的生产函数flow流量fluctuation波动for whom to produce为谁生产free entry自由进入free goods自由品，免费品free mobility of resources资源自由流动free rider搭便车，免费搭车function函数future value未来值Ggame theory对策论、博弈论general equilibrium总体均衡general goods一般商品Giffen goods吉芬晶 收入补偿需求曲线Giffens Paradox吉芬之谜Gini coefficient吉尼
17、系数goldenrule黄金规则goods货物government failure政府失败government regulation政府调控grand utility possibility curve总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product异质产品Hickskaldor welfare criterion希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性homogeneous demand function齐次需求函数homogeneous product同质产品homogeneous pro
18、duction function齐次生产函数horizontal summation水平和household家庭how to produce如何生产human capital人力资本hypothesis假说I identity恒等式imperfect competion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本income收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint收入约束income consumption curve收入消费曲线income distribution收入分配income effect收入效应income elastic
19、ity of demand需求收入弹性increasing cost industry成本递增产业increasing returns to scale规模报酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率index number指数indifference无差异indifference curve无差异曲线indifference map无差异族indifference relation无差异关系indifference set无差异集indirect approach间接法individual analysis个量分析individual demand curve个人需求曲线individual d
20、emand function个人需求函数induced variable引致变量induction归纳法industry产业industry equilibrium产业均衡industry supply curve产业供给曲线inelastic缺乏弹性的inferior goods劣品inflection point拐点information信息information cost信息成本initial condition初始条件initial endowment初始禀赋innovation创新input投入inputoutput投入产出institution制度institutional eco
21、nomics制度经济学insurance保险intercept截距interest利息interest rate利息率intermediate goods中间产品internatization of externalities外部性内部化invention发明inverse demand function逆需求函数investment投资invisible hand看不见的手isocost line等成本线，isoprofit curve等利润曲线isoquant curve等产量曲线isoquant map等产量族Kkindeddemand curve弯折的需求曲线Llabour劳动labour demand劳动需求labour supply劳动供给labour theory of value劳动价值论labour unions工会laissez faire自由放任Lagrangian function拉格朗日函数Lagrangian mult