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1、专题14 语法填空之记叙文 序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】语法填空题的考点：1.有提示词有提示词题是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题。主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词及其比较级、词类转化等四种情形。（1）考查时态和语态 首先，分析句子结构，确定句中是否缺谓语，如缺谓语动词，则判断其是什么时态和语态。其次，分析主语和该谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定其正确的语态形式。最后，务必注意主谓一致。（2）考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语，
2、且设空处并非作并列谓语，故应考虑该空考查非谓语动词。再根据非谓语动词的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式，如作目的状语一般用不定式形式；如作原因、伴随、时间等状语时，需用现在分词、过去分词等形式；如作主语或宾语用动名词形式或不定式等等。确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是完成式。（3）考查形容词和副词及其比较级当给出形容词或副词形式时，往往要求写出形容词或副词的比较级或最高级；有时也考查形容词与副词之间的相互转换。 分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是作状语。根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。（4）词
3、类转化词类转化以派生词变化为主，如形容词与名词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。 分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。如修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语的词常用副词；作主语或宾语用名词；在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词等。 根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。但有时不仅要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺，而且要特别注意所填词的正确的拼写形式。2.无提示词纯空格填空题主要是冠词、介词、连词（含并列连词和从属连词等）、代词（含关系代词和疑问代词等）和情态动词等。首先，分析句子结构，根据句
4、子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。 在句子中没有提示词或者标志性词语存在时，则要根据所填词的位置，判断所填词的词性。如冠词等限定词常在名词之前，限制修饰该名词；介词往往运用于一些固定搭配、短语、句式之中；连词多运用于并列句、复合句等有强烈的主从关系的句中等等。（1）冠词、形容词性物主代词或作定语用的不定代词分析句子结构，无提示词，设空之后为名词，设空处为名词的定语。此时，可重点考虑填入冠词（即a, an, the）、形容词性物主代词（如my, your, his等）或能作定语的不定代词（如other, another, ei
5、ther, both等）。1. it句意：然而，这条铁路很快被证明是一个巨大的成功，在6个月内，每天有超过25，000人在使用它。考查人称代词。根据语境和句子结构分析，此处指代上文中提到的the railway，故需用人称代词it。2.a句意：相反，她现在在纽约作为一名模特每天挣6,500英镑。考查不定冠词。model为不可数名词，此处表示泛指，故填入不定冠词a。（2）介词若设空之后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句等，且它们不作主语或宾语时，很可能就是填入介词；若设空之前是动词且设空之后为名词、动名词，则设空处也可能须填入介词构成的动词短语。 根据具体的语境和空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介
6、词。（4）关系词或连接词复合句的定语从句用关系词连接，而复合句的名词性从句则用连接词连接。定语从句考查关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, of which, of whom）或关系副词（when, where, why）。而名词性从句则考查连词（that, if/whether）或连接词（which, who, whom, whose, what, when, why, where, how, however等）。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是定语从句还是名词性从句，要根据其特点，选择是用关系词还是连接词。（5）特殊句式的关键词特殊句式
7、包括倒装句、强调句、there存在句等。倒装句需注意部分倒装和全部倒装，理解一些有关倒装句的基本语言要点；强调句须注意其关键的句式结构以及引导词that和who的使用区别；there存在句中be动词的单复数取决于后面的主语名词，以及一些描述性动词在there存在句中的使用等。【技巧点拨】1通读全文，把握大意。至于具体空格上填写什么词，只有在了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配，及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解，行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。2结合语境，前后试填。语法填空在设题方面分为提示词填空和不提示词填空，
8、也称自由填空类和提示性填空类：自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在平时训练及复习这些语法要点的时候，考生可采取自由填空的练习方式进行训练；提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。做到：边读边填，先易后难。3重新浏览，验证复查。 根据语篇进行填空后，必须逐一进行复核检查，消除隐患，排除难点，以达到完全无障碍阅读之目的，顺利流畅地表达出文章的主题大意。语法填空的检测目的也就顺利达到了。 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规
9、律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020全国新课标III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In ancient China lived an artist. 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to
10、get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. 63 (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to tra
11、vel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The n
12、ext morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mis
13、ts rising from the river and the soft clouds. 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【答案】61.whose62.finest63.be chosen64.curiosity65.When/As66.pointed67.to find68.gently69.surrounding70.On【文章大意】这是一篇
14、记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。63.考查
15、动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。64.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。6
16、6.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。68.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云
17、环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds69(surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所羞辱。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。【强重难词】1. reputation n. 名声，名誉；声望2. present his masterpiece 递交了他的代表作3. be filled with curiosity充满
18、好奇4. leave sb. Speechless让某人哑口无言5. reduce sb.to tears使某人流泪【析长难句】1. In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.【解析】本句是个倒装句， In ancient China介词短语放在句首，主语为 an artist，谓语lived位于主语之前，构成倒装句；其中本句中的whose是关系代词，引导的是个定语从句，先行词是an artist。【译文】中国古代有一位画家，他的画非常逼真。【仿写】_2. And when he saw the
19、mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【解析】本句中的 rising from the river和surrounding the mountain tops分别作the mists和the soft clouds的补足语，整个句子的主句为he was reduced to tears。【译文】当他看到河面上的薄雾和山顶周围的软云时，他流下了眼泪。【仿写】_3. As the small boat moved, gently
20、along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 【解析】句中的As the small boat moved引导时间状语从句，主句的主干部分为he was left speechless by the mountains， being silently reflected in the water为现在分词做定语，修饰名词the mountains . 【译文】小船缓缓地在河上移动着，山静静的映在水面上，这一切令他说不出话来。【仿写】_Passage 2
21、【真题详解】【2019全国卷III】On our way to the house, it was raining 61. hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62.(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64. had gr
22、eat experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65.(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to loca
23、l events and let us know of an interesting66.(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67.(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69.(invite) to attend a private concert on a beau
24、tiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70.(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】61. So 62.to get 63.of 64.who 65.recommendedpetition 67.traditional 68.hugely 69.were invited 70.listening【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。61.考查副词。句意：在我们
25、去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so.that.”意为“如此以至于”，固定句型。故填so。62.考查固定搭配。本句运用了take.to do sth.，意为“花费做某事”，故此处应填to get。63.考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。64.考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。65.考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与
26、“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。66.考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。67.考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。68.考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。69.考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long st
27、ay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。70.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。【强重难词】1. to be exact 确切地说2. attend a private concert 参加私人演奏会3. be free from work不工作【析长难句】1. On our
28、way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. 【解析】句中的so.that.引导的是结果状语从句，couldnt help doing.是情不自禁做某事 wondering有一个 how long it would take to get there引导的宾语从句. 【译文】在我们回家的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要多久才能到那里.【仿写】_2. When they were free from work, they i
29、nvited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition to watch, together with the story behind it.【解析】句中的When they were free from work, 是时间状语从句，主句的谓语是由and连接的 invited us to local events and let us know of.并列谓语。【译文】当他们没有工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一个有趣的比赛，以及它背后的故事。【仿写】_Part 3专题强化Passage
30、 1【真题自测】【2019全国II卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61.(be) Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62. she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63.(
31、final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64.(declare) she had no plans 65.(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and s
32、eeing my family and all the friends I 66.(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67. because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We dont have any idea who put g
33、randma forward. When we got a call 68.(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69. joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its 70.(wonder).”【答案】61.being 62.which 63.finally 64.declared65.to retire66.have made 67.but 68.saying69.a70.wonderful【解析】本
34、文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。61.考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。62.考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。63.考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。64.考查时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为
35、谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。65.考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“的计划”，故填to retire。66.考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。67.考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是而是”之意，故填but。68.考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词
36、call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。69.考查冠词用法。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，故填a。70.考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。Passage 2【真题自测】【2019上海春季卷】 When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there werent any professional development classes. So ambition and the ti
37、mely realization 1. he would have to determine “whats next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something2. (happen), or pursuing a pat
38、h into the unknown. He chose the latter.Jason set up a plan that in five years he 3. (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point 4. which to work backwards.By setting the goal, all of Jasons efforts 5. (point) in the same direction. H
39、e showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make 6. familiar with the market environment.As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities 7. got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 8.
40、(inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. 9. scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there
41、one year later.Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in10. (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.【答案】1.that 2.to happen 3.would show4.from 5.pointed6.himself 7.and 8.Inspire
42、d 9.Although 10.doing【解析】本文属于记叙文，介绍Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。1.考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “whats next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选
43、择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰something，故用不定式to happen。3.考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。4.考查介词。句意：这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点，他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词starting point，从句缺乏介词，根据先行词，故用介词from。
44、5.考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。6.考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故宾语用反身代词himself。7.考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。8.考查非谓
45、语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Inspired。9.考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上他看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。in为介词后接动词ing形式，故用doing。Passage 3【新题模拟】（2020张家口市宣化第一中学高三月考） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Any bird that crossed his path would be eaten by Rex, a German shepherd. Rex1(rescue) from his previous shelter, where he was going to be put down after a biting incident. Last year, he2(eventual) arrived at