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1、专题12 完形填空之人与社会 序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】“人与社会”主题语境范围很广泛，其主要包括社会服务、人际交往沟通、文学艺术体育、历史社会文化和科学技术等。具体说来，良好的人际关系与社会交往，公益事业与社会志愿服务，跨文化沟通，小说文学名著音乐艺术，体育活动健康运动，文化遗产科技发展与创新等。【技巧点拨】1. 快速弄清文章大意结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，了解文章大意。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄
2、清楚说明的顺序把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题
3、方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020全国新课标II】It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to t
4、he public because of Italys privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings
5、 he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art
6、appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist
7、Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his fathers painting.“Thats the garden in our picture,”Nicolos son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguins “Still L
8、ife of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.27741AattachedBallocatedCexposedDsubmitted42AfinishedBdelayedCconsideredDtried43AattendedBreservedCcancelledDrun44AshownBfoundCkep
9、tDhidden45AniceBfamiliarCusefulDreal46AbattledBdebatedCdiscussedDbargain47AheldBleftCregisteredDbrought48AchosenBreceivedCorderedDmoved49AmissedBfailedCtakenDled50AconcreteBunusualCunappealingDnatual51AappreciatedBtouchedCresearchedDwitnessed52ApainterBdesignerCauthorDactor53AexpectedBsurprisedCanxi
10、ousDready54AroomBkitchenChallDgarden55AapparentlyBconfidentlyCeventuallyDtemporarily56AownedBborrowedCsoldDstole57AcollectedBcleanedCframedDstudied58AsuitablyBactuallyCrightlyDspecifically59AgirlBartistCfamilyDpolice60AcopiesBoriginalsCmodelsDpresents【答案】41C42A43D44B45A46A47D48D49C50B51C52A53B54D55C
11、56A57D58B59C60B【解析】本文主题是人与社会。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。41考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italys privacy可知此处用be exposed
12、 to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。42考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。43考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方进行的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加
13、；B. reserved保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。44考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警察管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现；C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的，故选B项。45考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familia
14、r熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A项。46考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed 讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bid
15、der可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A项。47考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着；B. left离开，留下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画，故选D项。48考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择；B. received收到；C. ordered 命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table可知，Nic
16、olo搬家时也把桌子搬来了，故选D项。49考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”，故选C项。50考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signe
17、d Bonnato or he thought可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。51考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found Bonnard可推测儿子仔细研究了画，故选C项。52考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，一个他从未
18、听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选A项。53考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same
19、54 as his fathers painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境，故选B项。54考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。55考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparent
20、ly明显地；B. confidently自信地；C. eventually 最后；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his fathers painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。56考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B. bo
21、rrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。57考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D. studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同
22、义词复现，故选D项。58考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确地；D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画，故选B项。59考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. poli
23、ce警察。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。60考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。【强重难词】1. privacy n. 隐私；秘密；隐居；隐居处2. bidder n. 投标人；出价人；命令者3. confidently adv. 自信地；安心地4. confirm vt.
24、 确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固5. originals n. 原件（original的复数）6. allocate vt. 分配；拨出7. submit vt. 使服从；主张；呈递；提交8. register n. 登记表；声区；语体风格；调风口；现金收入记录机；学校点名册；9. concrete v. 登记；（旅馆）登记住宿；10. apparently adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上 11. temporarily adv. 临时地，临时12. be exposed to 曝光；曝露13. take an art appreciation class 参加艺术鉴赏课程 【析长难句】1.
25、As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. 【解析】本句中的As引导非限制性定语从句；run by the Italian police 为过去分词短语做定语修饰after work auction；where引导定语从句；过去分词短语found on the trains 做定语修饰things 。【译文】正如他经常做得那样，,他在由意
26、大利警方举办得“下班后拍卖(拍卖)”停下来，在那里，火车上被发现上午东西被卖给出价最高的人。【仿写】_2. His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. 【解析】句中的who引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是His son；that there was something unusual about the one with a y
27、oung girl sitting on a garden chair引导的宾语从句做thought的宾语。【译文】.他15岁的儿子曾上过艺术鉴赏课，他觉得这个小女孩坐在花园椅子上的课有些不寻常。【仿写】_3. .the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.【解析】句中的 confirmed后的 that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million是宾语从句。【译文】这位官员证实这
28、些画是真迹，价值高达5000万美元。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020全国卷III】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. Theyll come rushing in, 42 their handbags been stolen. Theyll 43 that they left
29、it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. Theyll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you dont have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .I remember the first re
30、ally 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since shed f
31、ound it too much to cope with (应对), shed taken it out on 53 people.That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Dont take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think Maybe shes had a row with her husband. Maybe her childs not 57 .” Always water it down
32、 and dont let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyones day.26441. A. shopkeepersB. customersC. salespersonsD. receptionists42. A. sayingB. pretendingC. guessingD. replying43. A. agreeB. promiseC. imagineD.
33、swear44. A. forgetB. decideC. discoverD. assume45. A. foodsB. cataloguesC. belongingsD. goods46. A. particularB. differentC. matchingD. natural47. A. fightingB. smilingC. waitingD. changing48. A. generousB. politeC. carelessD. difficult49. A. curious aboutB. displeased withC. patient withD. uncertai
34、n about50. A. relaxedB. delightedC. surprisedD. embarrassed51. A. searchedB. arguedC. prayedD. apologized52. A. by chanceB. by herselfC. on purposeD. on duty53. A. rudeB. suchC. otherD. lonely54. A. lessonB. trickC. skillD. trade55. A. workB. shopC. meetD. quarrel56. A. kindlyB. secretlyC. personall
35、yD. casually57. A. readyB. awayC. upD. well58. A. out of sightB. in the wayC. behind the sceneD. above the law59. A. stressB. expectC. handleD. blame60. A. ruinsB. makesC. startsD. saves【答案】41.B42.A43.D44.C45.B46.D47.A48.B49.D50.B51.D52.B53.C54.A55.A56.C57.D58.B59.C60.A【文章大意】本文主题是人与社会。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种
36、各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员；D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自
37、己抓狂。故选B。42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbags been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们
38、把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境
39、。故选D。46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you dont have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架；B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；
40、D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，但是作者还是努力说服他们保持微笑，服务顾客。故选B。48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。49.考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. curious ab
41、out好奇；B. displeased with对不满意；C. patient with对有耐心；D. uncertain about对不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一
42、开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。52.考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week be
43、fore, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since shed found it too much to cope with, shed taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上
44、了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。56.考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地；D. casually随便地
45、。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。57.考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well好地。根据上文Maybe shes had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。故选D。58.考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the