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1、学习好资料欢迎下载透析中考英语语法状语从句考点【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子 (从句 )来作另一个句子(主句 )的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。 作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。1 考查时间状语从句。2 考查原因状语从句3 考查地点状语从句。4 考查结果状语从句5 考查条件状语从句。6 考查让步状语从句。7 考查伴随状语从句。8 考查方式状语从句【考点诠释】一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中,通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来式。 时间状语从句常用连词有:when, as, while, whenever, a
2、fter, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或 the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time 等引导。1 考查 when, while, as 引导,表示“当时候”. 【考例】一Mum ,_shall we have lunch? We will have it when your dad_. 07 连云港市 A when;returns B where returns Cwhere;will return Dwhen;wi
3、ll return 答案 A 解析 答语中when 引导了一个时间状语从句,主句用了一般将来时态,所以从句用一般现在时态,可见正确答案在A 与 B 之中。既然答语用了时间状语来回答,可见问句询问的也一定是时间,从而确定正确答案为A。2. before 的用法: before 的本意为 “ 在之前 ” ,根据具体语境还可理解为“ 还没来得及 /还没有 就 ,趁着还没 就 ,不知不觉就 , 才” 等。如:【考例】 Could you please give me your e-mail address _you go? 昆明市 A. as soon as B. before C. after D.
4、 until 答案 B解析 这四个词 (组)都可以引导时间状语从句,as soon as一就 before 在之前; after 在之后; until 直到才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?”2 until 和till 的用法:与肯定式的主句连用, 主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till/ until 表示 “直到 ” ;与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时,till/ until 表示 “ 直到才” 。其强调句型为“notuntil ” ,位于句首时要采用倒装形式。如:【考例】一Hurry up The bus is coming Oh。noWe mus
5、tnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green 福州市 A after B since C while Duntil 答案 D 解析本题应从句意人手。until 常用于否定句中, 构成 notuntil 结构,意为“直到才” ,该句意为“直到交通灯变绿,我们才能穿过马路”。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载The kids didnt star
6、t to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped. 成都市 A. if B. until C. whenever 答案 B解析 notuntil直到才。 “直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”,-Look! Here comes our school bus. -No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped. 安徽省 A. until B. after C. since D. when A解析 句中有 dont,可想 not until 为固定结构,意为“直到才”。三、对条件状语从句的考查引导条件状语从句的从
7、属连词有if ,unless(=if not 如果不 ,除非), as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要), supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case( 假使 ), on condition that(在 的条件下 )等。如:【考例】 _you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings 沈阳市 A Unless B Because CIf DWhen 答案 C 解析 考查 if 引导的条件状语从句。 “假如你早一点上床睡觉,那么你在上午就不
8、会感到累。”You wont pass your exams _ you work harder. 广东省 A. when B. if C. unless D. after 答案 C 解析 when,after 一引导的是时间状语从句,不合题意;if,unless 引导的是条件状语从句, If 不合句意,“除非你更加努力地学习,否则,你不会通过考试” 。故用 unless。四、对让步状语从句的考查用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有:though,although,even ifthough, while( 虽然、尽管 ), for a11(that)(尽管 )whether or( 不论不管
9、 还是 ) 以及 “ 疑问词 +ever(whatever,wherever,whoever,however, )” 和 “no matter + 疑问词 ” 等。【考例】 Shall we go on working? Yes ,I prefer to have a rest . (2004 江西省南昌)Awhen Bif Cbecause Dthough 答案 : D 命题立意 :本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析 :依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (2004 四川) Aa
10、nd Bthough Cor 答案 : B 命题立意 :本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析 :依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though 用来引导让步状语从句。故选 B。五、对目的状语从句的考查:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that , in order that ( 为了,以便 );in case(以防,以免 ),lest(免得,以防 ), for fear that(以免,惟恐 )等。从句中一般含有can , could, may, might ,will, would等情态动词。如:【考例】一More and more people in Beijing
11、 are learning English _they can better serve the 2008 0lympic Games 一 Im sure they will 宜昌市 Abecause of B so that Ceven though Das if 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载答案 B解析 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习英语,“为的是”能更多更好地为奥运服务。 so
12、that引导一个目的状语从句。六、对结果状语从句的考查【考例】 The camera isexpensiveI can t afford it. (2004 辽宁本溪 ) A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that 答案 : A 命题立意 :本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。试题解析 :依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive 为形容词 ,sothat句中要用形容词或副词;suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。【语法回顾】状语从句的分类。1. 时间状语从句用法要点。(1)as、wh
13、en、while 用法一览表。类别作用例句as as表示“当的时候” , 往往和 when/ while 通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时 ) The runners started as the gun went off.( 几乎同时 ) when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候, 又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点 ) When we w
14、ere at school, we went to the library every day.( 在一段时间内) while while 意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里” 。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在 when 表示 a period of time 时,两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用 as或when 不可,
15、这里的while意思是“趁” ) 凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等,具体用法如下:1. when 意为 “ 当 时” ,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如:I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。when 引导的时间状语从句,when 的从句可
16、以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。例如:He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。注: when 也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词
17、正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼, 就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载2.
18、 before 意为 “ 在之前 ” , 引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如:We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室。He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。after 意为 “ 在 之后 ” ,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料
19、袋之后,不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work. 3. since 引导的时间状语从句,译为“ 自从 ” ,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。例如:We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。We havent seen
20、 each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注:常用句型:It is + 时间段 +since 从句译为:自从 有多长时间了。例如:It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。4. until 意为 “ 直到 时” ,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式, not. until. 意为 “ 直到 才” ,这时的until 可以用
21、before 来替换。例如:Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay 表示的动作可以持续) He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续 ) 5. as soon as 意为 “ 一 就” ,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如:Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这件事。6. while 引导的时间状语从句,常译为“ 与
22、同时,在 期间” ,while 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如:They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。注: while 也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为 “ 然而” 。 例如:I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.
23、我喜欢听音乐, 而我的兄弟爱好运动。7. till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句,译为“ 直到 为止 ” ,not till / u ntil 引导的时间状语从句,译为 “ 直到 才” 。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。例如:I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。2. 条件状语从句用法要点。我们主要看一下由if 引导的条件状语从句
24、。if 意为 “ 如果” ,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地
25、到那里,我就可以快点看病。3. 地点状语从句用法要点。常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里)例如:Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。4. 原因状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有because, as和 since。 三者的区别是: 在回答问题的时候, 使用 because;对于显而易见的原因,常用 as或 since;as和 since 的从句常放在主句之前,而 because的从句常放在主句之
26、后。eg. Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill, youd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。5. 目的状语从
27、句用法要点。常用的引导连词有so that, that 和 in order that 译为:以便,为了,目的是。例如:Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点, 以便我们能作详细笔记。I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。注:
28、目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg. We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。三:主句与从句时态一致的问题。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况:1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如:Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.
29、 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如:She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。【语法过关】1Iwas drawing a horse_the teacher came in. A.while B.as C.when D.the moment 2Some passengers were walking through one of the bi
30、ghalls at Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport _ thewhole roof( 屋顶 )fell down. A. while B. as soon asC. when D. after 3You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 4-Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. bec
31、ause D. though 5None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载6-I hope you ll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. I ll give you a
32、call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 7The camera isexpensiveI can t afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that 8I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try. A.even thoughB. no matter howC. as ifD. ever since 9Shall we go on working? Yes ,I prefer to have
33、 a rest . Awhen Bif Cbecause Dthough 10 Edison never gave up, he failed many times. AandBthoughCor 11The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic lights turned green. Anot; when B dont; before Cnot to; until 12 -It s time to go to bed ,Li Ming.-Mum, I have a lot of homework to do ,I wo
34、nt go to bed I finish itA .after B.until C.as soon as D .since 13 You should make a good plan _ you do anything important. A. before B. after C. though D. until 14 _ they are brothers, they dont look like each other at all.A. BecauseB. ThoughC. WhenD. As 15。 I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a
35、 lot of time. A.as ifB.thoughC.becauseD.for 【参考答案】透析中考英语语法定语从句考点1。答案 C 解析: when 为并列连词“这时” (=and then) ,句意为:我们正当我在画马的时候,这是老师进来了。while 表示“正当 时” ,用于同时进行的动作。2答案 C 解析:依据题结构,be doing sthwhen表示“正在 这时 ”的意思。故选 C。3答案 A 解析:从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只有if 能引导条件状语从句,所以选A。4答案 D 解析:从意思上看,只有选though 才能说得通。5答案 B 解析:本句
36、的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“ notuntil ”这一句型。6答案B 解析:本题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as 。7答案 A 解析:依据题意:这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive 为形容词 ,sothat句中要用形容词或副词;suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。8答案 B 解析:依据题意:无论我如何努力,好像也没有减肥。9答案D 解析:依据上句:我们继续工作吗?是的,尽管我想休息会。10答案B 解析:依据题意:即使爱迪生失败多次,他也决不放弃。though 用来引导让步状语从句。
37、故选B。11答案 C 解析: until 用在否定句中, 主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till (until )名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载所表示的时间才发生。故选C。12答案B 解析:until 用在否定句中, 主要动词一般是终止性的,表示这个动词的动作直到till(until )所表示的时间才发生。故选C。13答案A 解析:依据题意:在你做重要的事情之前,应该做好计划。表示“在之前”的意思,故应选用A。14。答案 B 解析:依据题意 :尽管他们是兄弟,但他们彼此一点都不像。引导让步状语从句,应选 B。15。答案 B解析:依据题意:尽管他花费了我很多时间,但我还是喜欢学英语。应选B。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -