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1、中考英语语法:状语从句一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中，通常要用动词通常现在时态表达未来时，用通常过去时表达过去未来式。时间状语从句常见连词有： when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。1 考察when, while, as引导，表达“当时候”.【考例】一Mum，_shall we have lunch? We
2、will have it when your dad_. 07连云港市A when；returns B where returns Cwhere；will return Dwhen；will return答案A解析 答语中when引导了一个时间状语从句，主句用了通常未来时态，所以从句用通常现在时态，可见对的答案在A和B之中。既然答语用了时间状语往返复，可见问句问询也一定是时间，从而拟定对的答案为A。2. before 使用方法：before本意为“在之前”，依据具体语境还可了解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：【考例】Could you please give me
3、 your e-mail address _you go? 昆明市A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until答案B解析这四个词(组)所有可以引导时间状语从句，as soon as一就before在之前；after在以后；until直到才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你电子邮件地址给我好吗?”2until 和till 使用方法：和肯定式主句连用，主句谓语必需是延续性动词，till/ until表达“直到”；是否认式主句连用，且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时，till/ until表达“直到才”。其强调句型为“notuntil” ，在句首时要采用倒装形式。
4、如：【考例】一Hurry upThe bus is comingOh。noWe mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州市A after B since C while Duntil 答案D 解析本题应从句意人手。until常见于否认句中，组成notuntil结构，意为“直到才”，该句意为“直到交通灯变绿，我们才干穿过马路”。The kids didnt start to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped. 成城市A. if B. until C. whenever答
5、案B解析 notuntil直到才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”，-Look! Here comes our school bus. -No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped. 安徽省A. until B. after C. since D. whenA解析句中有dont，可想notuntil为固定结构，意为“直到才”。二、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句从属连词有if ,unless(=if not假如不，除非)，as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要)，supposing(that),provided/provid
6、ing(that),in case(假使)，on condition that(在条件下)等。如：【考例】_you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings沈阳市A Unless B Because CIf DWhen答案C 解析考察if引导条件状语从句。“假如你早一点上床睡觉，那么你在上午就不会感到累。”You wont pass your exams _ you work harder. 广东省 A. when B. if C. unless D. after答案C 解析when，after一引导是时间状语从句，不合题意；
7、if，unless引导是条件状语从句，If不合句意，“除非你更加努力地学习，不然，你不会通过考试”。故用unless。三、让步状语从句用来引导让步地点状语从句从属连词有：though，although，even ifthough， while(即使、尽管)，for a11(that)(尽管)whetheror(不管不管还是)和“疑问词+ever（whatever，wherever，whoever，however，）”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。 【考例】Shall we go on working? Yes , I prefer to have a rest . （ 江西省南昌）
8、Awhen BifCbecause Dthough答案: D命题立意：本题考察从属连词引导让步状语从句使用方法。试题解析：依据上句：我们继续工作吗？是，尽管我想休息会。Edison never gave up, he failed many times. ( 四川)AandBthoughCor答案: B命题立意：本题考察从属连词引导让步状语从句使用方法。试题解析：依据题意：即使爱迪生失败数次，她也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了，方便)；in case(以防，以免)，lest(
9、免得，以防)，for fear that(以免，惟恐)等。从句中通常具有can , could, may,might ,will, would等情态动词。如：【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _they can better serve the 0lympic Games一Im sure they will宜昌市Abecause of B so that Ceven though Das if答案B解析 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多人学习英语，“为是”能更多更加好地为奥运服务。so that引导一个目的状语从句。
10、五、结果状语从句【考例】The camera is expensive I cant afford it. ( 辽宁本溪)A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that答案: A命题立意：本题考察从属连词引导结果状语从句使用方法。试题解析：依据题意：这摄影机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词；suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其它两项不能引发从句。故选A。【语法回顾】状语从句分类。1. 时间状语从句使用方法关键点。（1）as、when、while使用方法一览表。类别作 用例 句asas表
11、达“当时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句和从句动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表达在某一点时候，又可表达在某一段时间内，主句和从句动作或事情可以同时发生也可以前后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every
12、day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中动作或事情在从句中动作或事情进展过程中发生，从句中动词通常要用延续性动词。在when表达a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里while意思是“趁”)通常从句所有必需有引导词，引导时间状语从句词有 when, before, after, un
13、til, as soon as, while 等，具体使用方法以下：1. when 意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表达主句动作和从句动作同时或前后发生。比如： I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我时，我感到不久乐。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。when引导时间状语从句，when从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。比如：He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去时候，
14、她正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有些人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去探望我好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国公司工作。注：when也可以作并列连词，表达一个动词正在进行时候，忽然间发生了此外一件事。I was fishing by the river , when someone called for h
15、elp. 我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有些人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作，忽然灯所有熄灭了。2. before 意为“在之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表达主句动作发生在从句动作之前。比如： We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。 He had been a cook before he went to college . 她上大学前曾当过厨师。after 意为“在以
16、后”，引导时间状语从句时，表达主句动作发生在从句动作以后。比如： After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 你（们）用过了塑料袋以后，不准四处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 她在工作完以后给我打了个电话。注：若主句和从句两个动作发生前后顺序十分靠近，那么也可以不用完毕时态，比如上面第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work. 3. since引导时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常见现在完毕时，从句常见通常过去时
17、。比如：We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了很多饺子了。We havent seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注：常见句型：It is +时间段+since从句 译为：自从有多长时间了。比如：It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年时间了。4. until 意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表达主句动作发生在从句动作之前。当主句谓语动词
18、是连续性动词时，主句常见肯定形式；当主句谓语动词是非连续性动词时，从句常见否认形式, not. until. 意为“直到才”，这时until可以用before 来替换。比如：Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表达动作可以连续) He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.她直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表达动作不能连续) 5. as soon as 意为“一就”，表达从句动作一发生，主句动作立即就发生。比如： Ill tell him about it a
19、s soon as he comes back.她一回来我就告诉她这件事。6. while引导时间状语从句，常译为“和同时，在期间”，while从句中常见延续性动词或表达状态词。比如：They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，她们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，父亲正在清洗汽车。注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折关系，相称于but，译为“然而”。 比如：I like listening
20、 to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我爱慕听音乐，而我弟兄爱好运动。7. till和until引导时间状语从句，译为“直到为止”，not till / until引导时间状语从句，译为“直到才”。前者强调主句动作结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作开始，用点动词。比如：I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我好友来。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到她来了，再开始我们讨论。2. 条件状
21、语从句使用方法关键点。 我们关键看一下由if引导条件状语从句。if 意为“假如”，引导条件状语从句时，表达假如有从句动作发生就(不)会有主句动作发生。比如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.假如明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.假如我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。3. 地点状语从句使用方法关键点。常见where（哪里）和wherever（不管哪里）比如：Where there is a will, there is a
22、 way. 有志者，事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要地方去。4. 因素状语从句使用方法关键点。常见引导连词有because, as和since。三者区分是：在回复问题时候，使用because；对于显而易见因素，常见as或since；as和since从句常放在主句之前，而because从句常放在主句以后。eg.Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为什么去？那是由于汤姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were
23、 late but because we made a noise. 她很气愤不是由于我们来迟了，而是由于我们弄出了声音。As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill, youd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒适，你最佳不要去上班了。5. 目的状语从句使用方法关键点。常见引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为：方便，为了，目的是。比如：Please speak more slowly so that we can make
24、 full notes. 请讲慢一点，方便我们能作具体笔记。I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你地址记下来，以免忘掉。I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，方便她能立即收到。注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg.We work harder than usualfinish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完毕工作。三：主句和从句时态一致问题。
25、 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间时态一致问题通常分下列两种情况： 1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是通常未来时，那么从句用通常现在时表达通常未来时。比如： Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 假如你们有问题要问话，请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必需停下。2. 若主从句谓语动词所有是陈说过去，那么主从句所有可以用通常过
26、去时。比如： She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁时候就会唱歌。【语法过关】1I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in. A. while B. as C. when D. the moment2Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport _ the whole roof(屋顶)fell down. A. while B. as soon asC. wh
27、en D. after3You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where4-Shall we go on working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though5None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. t
28、hough6-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till7The camera is expensive I cant afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that8I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try. A. even though B. no mat
29、ter how C. as if D. ever since9Shall we go on working? Yes , I prefer to have a rest . Awhen BifCbecause Dthough10Edison never gave up, he failed many times. Aand Bthough Cor11The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic lights turned green. Anot; whenBdont; beforeCnot to; until12-Its
30、time to go to bed ,Li Ming. -Mum, I have a lot of homework to do ,I wont go to bed I finish it A .after B.until C.as soon as D .since13You should make a good plan _ you do anything important. A. before B. after C. though D. until14_ they are brothers, they dont look like each other at all. A. Becaus
31、eB. ThoughC. When D. As15。I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a lot of time. A.as ifB.thoughC.becauseD.for【参考答案】1。答案C 解析：when为并列连词“这时”（=and then），句意为：我们合法我在画马时候，这是老师进来了。while表达“合法时”，用于同时进行动作。2答案C 解析：依据题结构，be doing sthwhen表达“正在这时”意思。故选C。3答案A 解析： 从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。4答案D 解
32、析： 从意思上看，只有选though才干说得通。5答案B 解析： 本句意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。6答案B 解析： 本题意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选择as soon as。7答案A 解析：依据题意：这摄影机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词；suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其它两项不能引发从句。故选A。8答案B 解析：依据题意：不管我如何努力，仿佛也没有减肥。9答案 D 解析：依据上句：我们继续工作吗？是，尽管我想休息会。10答案 B 解析：依据题意：即使爱迪生失
33、败数次，她也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。11答案C 解析：until用在否认句中，关键动词通常是终止性，表达这个动词动作直到till（until）所表达时间才发生。故选C。12答案 B 解析：until用在否认句中，关键动词通常是终止性，表达这个动词动作直到till（until）所表达时间才发生。故选C。13答案 A 解析：依据题意：在你做关键事情之前，应当做好计划。表达“在之前”意思，故应选择A。14。答案B 解析：依据题意:尽管她们是弟兄，但她们互相一点所有不像。引导让步状语从句，应选B。15。答案B解析:依据题意：尽管她花费了我很多时间，但我还是爱慕学英语。应选B。