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1、学习好资料欢迎下载宾语从句（ The Object Clause ）学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、 语序和时态。一宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语: Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night. 主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有连词 ：that (that 常
2、可省略 ),whether, if代词 ：who, whose, what ,which副词 ：when ,where, how, why 等。连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that 引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that 可以省略）可跟 th
3、at 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to
4、 other planets. Attention ：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 I don t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 主句的谓语动词是think, believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy, guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时 ,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont beli
5、eve that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的 ,是不是 ? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy ，unfair ， dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the t
6、eacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? 在以下情况中th
7、at 不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe （that） you have done your best and thatthings will get better2当主句的谓语动词与that 宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3 当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接
8、宾语时，that 不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 4、当 it 作形式宾语时例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him 许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it 作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时That our team will win ，I believe 6、当that 作 learn ，suggest,explain,agree,wonder, prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 由 whether
9、,if 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或 whether 引导，意为 “ 是否 ” 。如： I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有选择意义，又有or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时， 往往用 whether（if or not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether if he will come or not（ Let me know whether
10、or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（ I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 -
11、- - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Im interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。 如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车
12、去。whether 置于句首时，不能换用if 。如：Whether this is true or not ，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为：bIf you like the book ，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用 if 不能用 whethe
13、r 引导的宾语从句if 引导条件状语从句，意为“ 如果 ”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时He talks as if he has known all about it. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer,
14、 know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。连接代词 ：who,whom,whose,which,what, 在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但 what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should
15、 know. 这 本 书 会 告 诉 你 最 好 的 执 行 总 裁 该 了 解 什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词有：when,where,why,how ，在句中担任状语的成分。He didn t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎
16、么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没 有 人 知 道 这 些 的 新 的 零 件 能 在 哪 里 买到. 三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词 +主语+谓语 +其他成分。 I don t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 四.宾语从句的时态时态： 1。主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句：The headmaster hopes eve
17、rything goes well. 2 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句 ： She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句 ：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 注意：运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议suggest 、advise、propose; 要求 demand 、desire、request；决定decide; 命令orde
18、r 、command 、require;坚决主张insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用 （ should）+v （虚拟语气）Eg： I suggested that you （should ）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法：1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快
19、。May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out ！你出去！2) 虚 拟 语 气 用 在 宾 语 从 句 中 ： 动 词wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、 要求。如：I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。He insisted
20、that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。动词demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，should 可以省略。如： The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每
21、周都要自己洗衣服。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中：在句型It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形，如：Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。Its natura
22、l that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中：虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A与现在事实相反的：If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式 . if I (he,she) were. I (we) should + 动词原形。He (you,they) would + 动词原形。B与过去事
23、实相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。 He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你， 我就买了它。If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间， 我会学习法语的。If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。If you had got up earlier, you could
24、 have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了，在表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气。简化宾语从句的方法方法一 ：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish，choose， agree， promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时， 宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he wi
25、ll be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二 ： 当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget， tell 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“ 疑问词 +不定式 ” 结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：
26、当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语， 从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“ 疑问词 +不定式 ” 结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？Could you tell me how to get to the station ？方法三 ：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令）， require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为 “ 名词（代词） +不定式 ” 结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should star
27、t at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四 ：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn t know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五 ：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“
28、 宾语+V-ing 形式（作宾语补足语）” 结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六 ： 动词 seem后的宾语从句， 也可以用不定式 （短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化，如：I found that it was difficu
29、lt to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box ve ry heavy. 练习题单项选择(1)I don t think he is right,_?Aisn t he Bis
30、 he Cdo I D dont I(2). He believes she is right, _? Adoesn t he Bdoes he Cis she Disn t she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_? Adidn t he Bdid he Cdid I D didn t I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what (5). You cant imagine _when they
31、 received the nice gift. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited (6) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home (7) This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whet
32、her C. if D. that 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载(8) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that (9) I don t know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our Engl
33、ish.A. why B. when C. how D. where (10) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. if (11) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. A. where, which B. where, what C. what, whi
34、ch D. what, where (12) There is not much difference between the two. I really don t know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose (13) Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child s
35、he is looking for D. whose child she was looking for (14) Are you interested in _? A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it (15) I don t know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the t
36、wo players are (16) - What did the scientist say? - He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly (17) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D
37、. the nearest bank is where （18）She asked Tom _ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter(19) It s 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally. A. haven t started B. didn t C. dont start D. hadnt started (20) The teacher told us y
38、esterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be (21) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go (22) We d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass (23) “Could you tell me_?” “Yes. They _
39、 to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been C. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (24) Our father said that he _ a new computer next week. A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys (25) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterd
40、ay. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone(26) The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take (27) Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been (28) The students want to know
41、 whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are (29) She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may (30) Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled (31) Can you tell me_ you were born, Bet
42、ty? A. who B. what C. when D. that (32) I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where (33) I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who (34) She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be (35) I dont know _ he stil
43、l lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when (36) Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how (37) He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose (38) They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which 名师资料总结 - - -精
44、品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载(39) Please tell me _what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked (40) She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is
45、it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 二用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句1.What is her name? (I dont know) 2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know) 3What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me) 4 Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder) 5 When did the accident happen? (Please go
46、and find out) 6 What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know) 7 Whose box is it on the floor? (Im not sure)8 How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me) 9 She is a teacher. (I hear) 10 Does her aunt live in Paris? (Im not sure) 11 Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked) 12 Who
47、will come to join us? (Do you know) 13 My son is having a cold. (she said) 14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I dont know)三用所给动词的正确形式填空1、I wont return the book to the library because I _(not finish) reading it. 2、As soon as he saw me, he _to speak to me. (stop) 3、I hope he _(come) back in a week. 4、I
48、t _(rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning. 5、 The old man told the children _(not walk) in the rice fields. 6、He told me he _(help) her with her maths the next evening. 7、 She said they_(know) each other for quite some time. 8、 If it_(not rain) tomorrow, we _(visit) the Poples Museum. 9、
49、 John _(write) something when I _(go) to see him. 10、Our teacher told us that light_(travel) much faster than sound. 11、When I got to the cinema, the film _(begin) 12、Mike asked me if we _(ask) any questions the next class. 13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _(finish) doing your
50、homework? 14、Comrade Wang didnt know if there _(be) on English evening that day. 15、Please tell me if she _(come) again next time. 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what 或 how 引导。现分述如下：感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what 和how 引导，what 和how 与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由what 引导的感叹句：what 意为 多么 用作定语，修饰名词（被强调