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1、Greek MythologGreek Mythology y希腊神希腊神话话 Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks about the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. 希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和普通人类之间的关系。The Greek mythology is an important part of the ancient culture which has va
2、st and deep influence on the whole western culture. 希腊神话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧密的联系。 Its great influence upon the English language and literature is beyond description. A great number of words and idioms in the English laguage come from the Greek mythology. 它在英语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语中的很多单词和语言表达方式都
3、是来自希腊神话。 the old the old theogonytheogony : the : the TiansTians （旧旧神神谱谱: :奥奥林匹斯十二泰坦）林匹斯十二泰坦）the new the new theogonytheogony : the Gods : the Gods （新神新神谱奥谱奥林匹斯十二主神）林匹斯十二主神）PerseusPerseus ( (珀尔修斯珀尔修斯) )Jason (Jason (伊阿宋伊阿宋) )Heracles (Heracles (赫拉克勒斯赫拉克勒斯) )TheseusTheseus ( (忒修斯忒修斯) ) Medusa(Medusa(
4、美杜莎美杜莎) )MinotaurusMinotaurus ( (米米诺诺陶洛斯陶洛斯) )Cerberus (Cerberus (刻耳柏洛斯刻耳柏洛斯) )PART1PART1：The Olympian Gods and other DeitiesThe Olympian Gods and other DeitiesPART2PART2：HeroesHeroesPART3PART3：MonstersMonstersPART1PART1：The Olympian Gods The Olympian Gods and other Deitiesand other Deities1、the God
5、s2、other Deities The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods. Greek gods can be divided into several groups.The earliest group was Titans , led by Cronus . The most powerful group was the Olympians . The Olympians are a group of gods who ruled after the overthrow of the Titans. All the Olympians are rela
6、ted in some way . They are named after their dwelling（住宅住宅,住所）住所）place Mount Olympus. 古希腊崇拜很多神古希腊崇拜很多神, , 古希腊的神被分为几组古希腊的神被分为几组, , 最古老一最古老一组的被称为泰坦组的被称为泰坦 , , 由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由个神组成匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由个神组成 ，他们颠覆了泰坦时，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的
7、联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯山。联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯山。the the GodsGods（十二主神）（十二主神）Zeus(宙斯宙斯): the god of the sky. Hera(赫拉赫拉): the goddess of marriage and childbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬波塞冬): the god of the sea,protector. Hades(哈迪斯哈迪斯): the god the dead and wealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚赫斯提亚): the goddess of the Hearth(灶台灶台).Ares
8、(阿瑞斯阿瑞斯): the god of war.Hermes(赫尔墨斯赫尔墨斯): the god of thieves and commerce. Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯赫斯菲托斯): the god of fire and the forge(熔炉熔炉). Apollo(阿波罗阿波罗): the god of light.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯): the goddess of chastity,virginity,the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment. Athena(雅典娜雅典娜): the Greek
9、virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity, arts and literature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德): the goddess of love, desire and beauty. King of the sky and the King of the sky and the earth. earth. R Ruler of theuler of the OlympianOlympian gods. gods. He was the rain godHe was the rain god , , andand th
10、ethe cloudcloud gatherergatherer, ,whowho h holdsoldst thehe terriblterrible e thunderboltthunderbolt. .His birdHis bird is is the eagle the eagle, , hishis treetree is is thethe oak .oak . ZeusZeus 宙斯宙斯 He is married to Hera butHe is married to Hera but, ,is famous for his many is famous for his ma
11、ny affairsaffairs. . He is also known to punish those that lie or break He is also known to punish those that lie or break oathsoaths. . Zeus wife and sister. Queen of the gods. Goddess of marriage and childbirth and takes special care of married women. Hera Hera 赫拉赫拉 Most stories concerning Hera ha
12、ve to do with her Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeuss infidelitiesjealous revenge for Zeuss infidelities（不忠）（不忠）. . Brother of Zeus . God of the sea ,Protector of all waters. His weapon is atrident (三叉戟三叉戟) , Which can shake the earth , and shatter Any object.
13、PoseidonPoseidon波塞冬波塞冬He is second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. . He was widely worshiped by seamen. Brother of Zeus. God of the dead. Ruler of the underworld. God of wealth , due to the precious metals minedfrom the earth. Hades Hades 哈迪斯哈迪斯 Zeus sister. Goddess of the hearth（灶灶台）台）. The
14、 symbol of the housearound which a new born childis carried before it is received into the family. Hestia Hestia 赫斯提赫斯提亚亚 Of all the Olympians, she is the mildest, most upright and most charitable （仁慈的）（仁慈的）. Son of Zeus and Hera. God of war. He is considered murderous（行凶的）（行凶的） and bloodstained（血（血
15、污污的）的）but also a coward. He was disliked by both parents.Ares Ares 阿瑞斯阿瑞斯 He was the one god who ever had to submit to the power of his inferiors. At one time lack of tact and good judgment led to his shame. He was fighting with two giants , and finding himself no match for the two monstrous creatur
16、es , laid down his arms and was imprisoned in chains. He was set free in the end by the artful Hermes, but not before he had suffered all the humiliations.(耻耻辱）辱）Ares: All that you have, is dead!阿瑞斯：阿瑞斯：“你所拥有的，只有死亡！你所拥有的，只有死亡！” Son of Zeus. God of commerce.（ 商商业业） Messenger for all the other gods. G
17、uide for the dead to go to the underworld. Hermes Hermes 赫尔墨赫尔墨斯斯 He was the cleverest of the He was the cleverest of theOlympian gods.Olympian gods. He is the fastest of the gods. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a a winged h
18、at, and carries a magic wandmagic wand（棒）（棒）. . 他是奥林匹斯山上最聪明的他是奥林匹斯山上最聪明的神。神。 他是速度最快的神，他脚生他是速度最快的神，他脚生双翼，头上戴有翅膀的帽子，手双翼，头上戴有翅膀的帽子，手里拿着魔杖。里拿着魔杖。 Son of Zeus and Son of Zeus and Hera.Hera. God of fire God of fireHephaestusHephaestus赫菲斯托斯赫菲斯托斯 He is the smith and He is the smith and armorer (armorer (兵器制
19、造者）兵器制造者）of the gods.of the gods. He is kind and peace loving . He is kind and peace loving . He is the only god to be lame( He is the only god to be lame(瘸瘸的的, ,跛的跛的) ) and physically ugly. and physically ugly. However, he married the most However, he married the most beautiful goddess- Aphrodite (
20、beautiful goddess- Aphrodite (阿弗洛狄阿弗洛狄德德) ) Son of Zeus. Son of Zeus. God of sun. God of sun. God of healing who God of healing who taughttaughtman medicine. man medicine. God of truth , who can God of truth , who can not not speak a lie.speak a lie.Apollo Apollo 阿波阿波罗罗 The archer, far shooting with
21、 a silver bow ( The archer, far shooting with a silver bow (弓箭弓箭). ). He wore a purple robe.He usually sat in his bright eastern palace early in the morning and made ready to start his daily journey across the sky. One of Apollos more important daily tasks is to One of Apollos more important daily t
22、asks is to harness his chariotharness his chariot（二（二轮战车轮战车） with four horses with four horses and drive the sun across the sky.and drive the sun across the sky. During the day he drove his carriage of gold During the day he drove his carriage of gold and and ivory , and brought light , life and lov
23、e to the great ivory , and brought light , life and love to the great world below . Late in the afternoon he came to the world below . Late in the afternoon he came to the end of his journey in the far western sea and got end of his journey in the far western sea and got ononhis golden boat to retur
24、n to his eastern home.his golden boat to return to his eastern home. Daughter of Zeus. Daughter of Zeus. Her twin brother is Apollo. Her twin brother is Apollo. Goddess of the hunt , the Goddess of the hunt , themoon, chastity, virginity, and moon, chastity, virginity, and the natural environment.th
25、e natural environment. She is the protector of the She is the protector of the young women. young women. Artemis Artemis 阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯She is the master of wild animal. She is a good archer , the crescent moon is her bow. Daughter of Zeus. Daughter of Zeus. Goddess of wisdom Goddess of wisdom ，victory a
26、nd war. victory and war. She sprang full grown She sprang full grown In armourIn armour（盔甲）（盔甲）from from hishisfatherfatherS S forehead thus has forehead thus has no mother .no mother .Athena Athena 雅典娜雅典娜She is the goddess She is the goddess of the city, of the city, handicrafts, and handicrafts, a
27、nd agriculture. She agriculture. She invented the bridleinvented the bridle（ （缰绳缰绳） ）, the trumpet, , the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the flute, the pot, the yoke, the ship, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot. and the chariot. She is the She is the embodimentembodiment（化身）（化身） of wisdom, reason, o
28、f wisdom, reason, and purity.and purity. She was Zeuss favorite child and was She was Zeuss favorite child and was allowed to useallowed to usehis weapons including his thunderbolt.his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her Her favorite cityfavorite city isis Athens. Athens. Her tree is the olive.He
29、r tree is the olive.The owl is her birdThe owl is her bird. . She is fierce She is fierce andand brave in battle,brave in battle, butbut onlyonly wars towars to defineddefined the state the state andand home from home from outsideoutsideenemiesenemies. . Goddess of love Goddess of love ，desire and d
30、esire and beauty. beauty. She represented sex, affection, She represented sex, affection,and the attraction that binds and the attraction that binds people people together. together. Aphrodite Aphrodite 阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德 In addition to her natural In addition to her natural gifts , she has a magical girdle
31、 gifts , she has a magical girdle that compelsthat compels（迫使）（迫使）anyone anyone she wishes to desire her.she wishes to desire her. Her tree is myrtle (Her tree is myrtle (桃金娘；桃金娘；爱爱神木神木) . ) . Dove ( Dove (白白鸽鸽) is her bird.) is her bird.PrometheusPrometheus（普（普罗罗米修斯）米修斯） Creator of mankind.Creator
32、of mankind. 人类的创造者人类的创造者Mans protector and benefactorMans protector and benefactor. . 人类的保护者和拯救者。人类的保护者和拯救者。 He shaped man out of mud.He shaped man out of mud. 他用泥捏成人形，创造了人类他用泥捏成人形，创造了人类。 He stole fire for mankind ,with the result that He stole fire for mankind ,with the result that he was punished
33、form Zeus. He was chained to he was punished form Zeus. He was chained to Mount Caucasus, and every morning an eagle would Mount Caucasus, and every morning an eagle would appeared and ate his liver, which grow back at appeared and ate his liver, which grow back at night.night. 他为人类偷了圣火，所以被宙斯惩罚。他被绑在
34、高加索他为人类偷了圣火，所以被宙斯惩罚。他被绑在高加索山，每天早晨都会有鹰来吃他的肝脏，肝脏会在晚上又长山，每天早晨都会有鹰来吃他的肝脏，肝脏会在晚上又长出来。出来。PART2PART2： HeroesHeroes Greek heroes were almost as important as theGreek heroes were almost as important as the godsgods inin Greek mythology.Greek mythology. Heroes wereHeroes were bigger,bigger, braver,braver, and
35、and moremore beautiful than ordinary men beautiful than ordinary men and women.and women. InIn mostmost casescases t theirheir fathers or fathers or grandfathers weregrandfathers were gods,gods, butbut theirtheir mothermother werewere mortals,mortals, so so they were often called they were often cal
36、led demigodsdemigods (half-gods). (half-gods). 在希腊神话中，希腊英雄和希腊神同样重要。英雄们比普在希腊神话中，希腊英雄和希腊神同样重要。英雄们比普通的人类更强大、更勇敢。他们中大部分人的父亲或者祖父通的人类更强大、更勇敢。他们中大部分人的父亲或者祖父是神，但他们的母亲是普通人，所以他们经常也被称为是神，但他们的母亲是普通人，所以他们经常也被称为“半半神人神人”。PerseusPerseus ( (珀尔修斯珀尔修斯) ) The son of Zeus. Got the help form The son of Zeus. Got the help
37、 form Athena and Hermes, he killed the Gorgon Athena and Hermes, he killed the Gorgon ( (蛇蛇发发女妖女妖) Medusa. He fixed his eyes on ) Medusa. He fixed his eyes on Medusas reflection in the polished (Medusas reflection in the polished (光滑的光滑的) ) surface of his shield (surface of his shield (盾盾) and then
38、cut off her ) and then cut off her head.head.Jason (Jason (伊阿宋伊阿宋) ) Leader of the Argonauts in the quest for Leader of the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece (the Golden Fleece (金羊毛金羊毛). ). 寻寻找金羊毛找金羊毛时时阿尔戈阿尔戈号号的的领导领导者者。Heracles (Heracles (赫拉克勒斯赫拉克勒斯) ) The last earthborn son of Zeus. A he
39、ro The last earthborn son of Zeus. A hero of extraordinary (of extraordinary (非凡的非凡的) strength who ) strength who won immortality by performing 12 labors won immortality by performing 12 labors demanded by Hera. He killed the demanded by Hera. He killed the menacing (menacing (险恶的险恶的) ) NemeanNemean
40、 Lion, overcame Lion, overcame the nine-headed snake (the nine-headed snake (九头蛇九头蛇), got the ), got the from the golden-apple tree, and brought from the golden-apple tree, and brought the three-headed watchdog of the the three-headed watchdog of the Underworld, Cerberus, to the surface Underworld,
41、Cerberus, to the surface without using any weapons.without using any weapons.TheseusTheseus( (忒修斯忒修斯) ) The son of Poseidon. While having all the The son of Poseidon. While having all the qualities of a traditional hero, such as strength qualities of a traditional hero, such as strength and courage,
42、 he was also intelligent and wise. and courage, he was also intelligent and wise. He killed He killed MinotaurusMinotaurus ( (米米诺诺陶洛斯陶洛斯) to whom quite ) to whom quite a lot of young people had fallen prey (a lot of young people had fallen prey (捕食捕食). ). PART3PART3：MonstersMonstersMedusa(Medusa(美杜莎
43、美杜莎): ): 蛇蛇发发女妖。女妖。Cerberus(Cerberus(刻耳柏洛斯刻耳柏洛斯): ): 三三头头巨犬。把守冥府的大巨犬。把守冥府的大门门。 MinotaurusMinotaurus ( (米米诺诺陶洛斯陶洛斯): ): 牛牛头头怪。怪。 Hydra(Hydra(许许德拉德拉): ): 九九头头蛇。蛇。Medusa (Medusa (美杜莎美杜莎) ) A gorgon, who A gorgon, who turned into stone turned into stone anyone be holding anyone be holding her.her.Cerberus (Cerberus (刻耳柏洛斯刻耳柏洛斯) )three-headed three-headed watchdogwatchdogMinotaurusMinotaurus ( (米米诺诺陶洛斯陶洛斯) )Hydra (Hydra (许许德拉德拉) )nine-headednine-headedsnakesnakeThats all!