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1、Greek StoriesThe origin of Greek mythologyThe characters in Greek mythologyThe significance of Greek mythologyTheoriginofGreekmythologyGreeceisamountainouspeninsulaintheMediterraneanSea.Itincludeshundredsofrockyislandsoffthecoast.ButthepeopleofancientGreecesettledoveramuchwiderarea,fromsouthernFranc
2、etoAsiaMinor(nowTurkey).Everywheretheywent,theybroughttheirlanguageandtraditionswiththem.Greece帕特农神庙帕特农神庙Parthenon 厄瑞克提翁神庙的女像柱厄瑞克提翁神庙的女像柱Caryatid埃皮道鲁斯剧场埃皮道鲁斯剧场GreekmythologyTheGreekmythologyistheoralandwrittenmythofalltheGreekgods,heroes,thenatureandhistoryofthecosmos.TheancientGreekmythistheproduct
3、ofthespiritoftheoriginalsociety,andisalsotheearliestformofliteratureinthewesternworld.ItwasproducedinthetwelfthCenturyBCtotheeighthCenturyBC,includingtheoriginoftheworld、thebattleofthegods、loveandquarrel,andtheinfluenceofthemortalworld.ThecharactersinGreekmythologyTheancientGreekworshipedmanygods.Gr
4、eekgodscanbedividedintoseveralgroups.The earliest group was Titans,ledbyCronus.The most powerful group was the Olympians.TheOlympiansareagroupof12godswhoruledaftertheoverthrowoftheTitans.AlltheOlympiansarerelatedinsomeway.TheyarenamedaftertheirdwellingplaceMountOlympus.古希腊崇拜很多神古希腊崇拜很多神,古希腊的神被分为几组古希腊
5、的神被分为几组,最古老一组的被称为泰坦最古老一组的被称为泰坦 ,由克罗诺斯领导。最强由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由个神组成个神组成 ，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的联系。他们林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯。Cronus(克罗诺斯):天空之神。Rhea(瑞亚):时光女神。Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯):水之神。Tethys(泰西斯):沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。Crius(克瑞
6、斯):生长之神。Lapetus(伊阿佩托斯):灵魂之神。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(福柏):月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus(科俄斯):智力之神。Themis(忒弥斯):秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母。Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅):记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母。Hyperion(许配利翁):光之神Thea(忒亚):许配利翁之妻。T The Titanshe TitansZeusZeus(宙斯宙斯):the):the god of thegod of the skysky.PoseidonPoseidon(波塞冬波塞
7、冬):):thethe g godod ofof thethe seasea.Hera(Hera(赫拉赫拉):the):the goddess of marriage and childbirth.goddess of marriage and childbirth.DemeterDemeter(得墨忒耳得墨忒耳):):the the goddess ofgoddess of grain and foison(grain and foison(丰收丰收).).Hestia(Hestia(赫斯提亚赫斯提亚):the goddess of the hearth():the goddess of t
8、he hearth(灶台灶台).).Ares(Ares(阿瑞斯阿瑞斯):the god of war.):the god of war.Hermes(Hermes(赫尔墨斯赫尔墨斯):the god of):the god of herdingherding and and messengermessenger.Hephaestus(Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯赫斯菲托斯):the god of fire and the forge():the god of fire and the forge(熔炉熔炉).).Apollo(Apollo(阿波罗阿波罗):the god of):the g
9、od of sunsun.Artemis(Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯):the goddess of):the goddess of the hunt,the moon,the hunt,the moon,and the natural environment.and the natural environment.Athena(Athena(雅典娜雅典娜):the goddess of intelligent):the goddess of intelligent and craftand craft.Aphrodite(Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德):the godd
10、ess of love,desire and):the goddess of love,desire and beauty.beauty.T The Godshe Gods Zeus 宙斯宙斯Zeus was the Father of Gods and men who ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father ruled the family.He is the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology.Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea,and the y
11、oungest of his siblings.His symbols are the thunderbolt,eagle,bull and oak.He was married to Hera,but was famous for his many affairs.Poseidon波塞冬波塞冬Poseidon is the god of the sea,and,as Earth-Shaker,of earthquakes in Greek mythology.He is widely worshiped by seamen.he was integrated into the Olympia
12、n gods as the brother of Zeus and Hades.His weapon is a trident(三叉戟),which can shake the earth and shatter(粉碎)any object.Hades 哈迪斯哈迪斯He is the god of the underworld.Because of his association with the underworld,Hades is often interpreted in modern times as the personification of death,even though h
13、e was not.He is the brother of Zeus and Poseidon.He had only one wife whose name was Persephone.Hera 赫拉赫拉Hera is the wife and one of three sisters of Zeus.She is the goddess of marriage and childbirth.Hera was known for her jealous and vengeful nature,most notably against Zeus lovers and offspring.P
14、aris offended her by choosing Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess,earning Heras hatred.DemeterDemeter得墨忒耳得墨忒耳Demeteris the goddess of grain and foison.SheisthewifeandoneofthreesistersofZeus.HerdaughterPersephonewaskidnappedbyHades.Hestia赫斯提亚Hestia,first daughter of Cronus and Rhea,is the goddess
15、 of the hearth(灶台）,and of the right ordering of domesticity（家庭生活）.Of all the Olympians,she is the mildest,most upright and most charitable（仁慈的）Ares 阿瑞斯阿瑞斯Ares is the Greek god of war.He is the son of Zeus and Hera.In Greek literature,he often represents the physical or violent aspect of war.Hermes 赫
16、尔墨斯赫尔墨斯Hermes is the great messenger of the gods in Greek mythology and a guide to the Underworld.He is the god of herding and commerce.He is the cleverest and fastest of the Olympian gods.Hephaestus赫菲斯托斯赫菲斯托斯 Unlike most other gods,Hephaestus is lame,which is the god of fire and the forge.He is ugl
17、y but kind-hearted.His wife was Aphrodite who was the most beauitful goddness.Apollo 阿波罗阿波罗Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto(暗夜女神).Apollo is a god of light and the sun,truth and prophecy(预言）,medicine,healing,plague（瘟疫）,and music.Artemis 阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto and her twin br
18、other is Apollo.She is the goddess of the hunt,the moon,chastity（贞洁）（贞洁）,and the nature environment.She is the protector of the young women.Athena雅典娜雅典娜Daughter of Zeus.She is the goddess of wisdom,war,and craft .She invented the bridle（缰绳）,the trumpet（小号）,the flute,the pot,the plow（犁）,the ship and
19、so on.She is the embodiment（化身）of wisdom,reason,and purity.Aphrodite阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德She is the goddess of love,desire and beauty.She was married to Hephaestus but loved Ares.In addition to her natural gifts,she has a magical girdle（腰带）that compels（迫使）anyone she wishes to desire her.ThesignificanceofGreekm
20、ythologyTheGreekmythhasagreatinfluenceonWesternculture.DuringtheRenaissanceinEurope,theliteraryworksofthisperiodhasanimportanteffect.Itprovidesvaluablematerialforthelaterwriters,andhasenrichedthepaintingandsculpturetheme.Italsoincreasesalotofwordsandphrasesofthewesternlanguage.Influence在心理学方面，弗洛伊德借用
21、误犯杀父娶母罪的俄狄浦斯在心理学方面，弗洛伊德借用误犯杀父娶母罪的俄狄浦斯王的故事创造了王的故事创造了 俄狄浦斯情结俄狄浦斯情结 （Oedipus complexOedipus complex）一词，）一词，在精神分析中指以本能冲动为核心的一种欲望在精神分析中指以本能冲动为核心的一种欲望 。在文艺理论方面，二十世纪中叶涌现出一批以诺思罗普在文艺理论方面，二十世纪中叶涌现出一批以诺思罗普 弗赖伊（弗赖伊（Northrope FryeNorthrope Frye）为首的文艺理论家，认为一切文学）为首的文艺理论家，认为一切文学类型以及所有作品的每个情节布局，包括表面看来极其复杂和类型以及所有作品的每
22、个情节布局，包括表面看来极其复杂和十分真实的作品，无不重复某些神话原型人物和神话的基本公十分真实的作品，无不重复某些神话原型人物和神话的基本公式。式。在语言学方面，在语言学方面，有些词汇，如有些词汇，如chaoticchaotic（混乱的）、（混乱的）、hypnotichypnotic（催眠的）、（催眠的）、martialmartial（军事的）、（军事的）、tantalizetantalize（逗弄）（逗弄）等，追根溯源，都来自希腊神话。等，追根溯源，都来自希腊神话。在在科技发展科技发展方面，有些方面，有些计划的命名都有取计划的命名都有取自希腊神话自希腊神话，如，如我们常听说的我们常听说的
23、三叉戟飞机三叉戟飞机 、阿波罗计划阿波罗计划 、波塞冬号潜水波塞冬号潜水艇等等。艇等等。comparisonInGreekmythology,theGodsaresimilarwithhumanbeings.Theyallhaveemotion、desireandparticipateintheactivitiesofhumanbeings.Theonlydifferenceisthatthegodshaveinfinitelife,andthelifeofpeoplearelimited.Thegodshavenotasceticism(禁欲主义)factor,andhavealittleofmysticism(神秘主义).Theyhavedifferentpersonalityandwillmakethemistakes.ThegodsofChinaaremorerigorousandrestrained.TheyaretheembodimentofJusticeandnevermakethemistakes.Chinesethinkthattheirgodshaveresponsibilitytoprotectthem.Thank You