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1、LULIANG UNIVERSITY分类号： 密 级： 毕 业 论 文 题 目: 小学英语课堂教学的 导入艺术 系 别: 外语系 专业年级: 英语2012级(专升本) 姓 名: 学 号: 20120303322 指导教师: 2014年05月20日 The Art of Lead-in in Primary School English Classroom TeachingA Graduation Thesis Submitted by In Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsForThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsIn th
2、e Subject of English LinguisticsToDepartment of Foreign LanguagesOfLuliang UniversitySupervisor: May, 20, 2014 原 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的毕业论文，是在指导老师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。毕业论文中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究成果做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名： 日 期：
3、关于毕业论文使用授权的声明本人在指导老师指导下所完成的论文及相关的资料（包括图纸、试验记录、原始数据、实物照片、图片、录音带、设计手稿等），知识产权归属吕梁学院。本人完全了解吕梁学院有关保存、使用毕业论文的规定，同意学校保存或向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的纸质版和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅；本人授权吕梁学院可以将本毕业论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用任何复制手段保存和汇编本毕业论文。如果发表相关成果，一定征得指导教师同意，且第一署名单位为吕梁学院。本人离校后使用毕业论文或与该论文直接相关的学术论文或成果时，第一署名单位仍然为吕梁学院。论文作者签名： 日 期： 指导老师签名
4、： 日 期： 小学英语课堂教学的导入摘 要“导入”作为英语教学的第一个环节，也是最基本的一个教学环节，它对完成教学任务，提高教学质量，实现教学目标起着举足轻重的作用。导入所占的时间虽然不多，比重也不大，但作用却不可低估。小学英语课的导入对提高小学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性以及提高教学效果和效率等都具有至关重要的作用。本文通过对小学英语课堂导入的背景、定义、原则、特征、理论基础以及国内外对此课题的研究进行了总结，发现导入艺术具有吸引学生注意、激发学习动机、激发学习热情、承上启下、协调学习气氛、培养学生合作精神、明确学习目的的功能，同时发现并指出教师可以通过使用看图提示、温故知新、设疑、音乐、故事、
5、游戏与表演、随意交谈、电教媒体与动漫的方法实现其具体的各项功能。最终得出，教师要根据不同的教学内容和教学环境，基于小学生的年龄特征、认识水平、身心特点等入手，采用不同的导入方法，设计其感兴趣的导入方法，最终达到实现教学目标，并创造出和谐愉悦的课堂气氛。关键词：小学英语；课堂教学；小学生特征；导入艺术；教学效率The Art of Lead-in in Primary School English Classroom TeachingAbstractAs the first and most basic part of English teaching, “Lead-in” plays a vi
6、tal role for completing the teaching tasks, improving the quality of teaching and achieving the teaching goals. Though the time is not much, its role should not be underestimated. “Lead-in” in primary school can not only inspire the students learning interest and motivation, but also improve the tea
7、ching effect and efficiency.The paper summarizes from the following aspects: background information, principles, characteristics, theoretical basis and researches on this issue at home and abroad. Firstly, the art of lead-in in primary school English classroom teaching. Secondly, the author finds it
8、 has kinds of functions, such as attracting attention, stimulating students learning motivation, arousing the enthusiasm for learning, establishing contact between old and new knowledge , adjusting the learning atmosphere and cultivating students spirit of cooperation. At the same time, the author a
9、lso points out that the teacher can use different methods, for example, pictures, presenting new knowledge after review, questions, music, stories, games and performance, casual conversations, electronic teaching media and animation to achieve its specific functions. All in all, based on the element
10、ary students age characteristics, knowledge level, physical and mental characteristics, this paper suggests that teachers should design and adopt different ways to lead in according to different teaching contents and teaching environments, so as to achieve the teaching goals and create a harmonious
11、and relaxed classroom atmosphere.Key Words: primary school English; classroom teaching; elementary students characteristics; the art of lead-in; teaching efficiencyContentsChapter 1 Introduction11.1 Research Background11.1.1 The Requirements of New English Curriculum Standards for Primary School Eng
12、lish11.1.2 The Present Situation of Primary School English Classroom Teaching11.2 The Significance of This Study2Chapter 2 Literature Review42.1 A Brief Introduction to Primary School English Classroom Teaching42.1.1 The Psychological Characteristics of Elementary Students42.1.2 The Characteristics
13、of the Primary School English Classroom Teaching52.2 Theoretical Bases of This Research62.2.1 Constructivism Learning Theory62.2.3 The Pedagogy Principle72.3 The Art of Lead-in72.3.1 Researches Abroad92.3.2 Researches at Home92.4 Summary10Chapter 3 The Functions of the Art of Lead-in in Primary Scho
14、ol English Classroom Teaching113.1 Attract the Attention of Students113.2 Arouse Learning Motivation113.3 Arouse Students Enthusiasm113.4 Establish Contact between Old and New Knowledge113.5 Adjust the Atmosphere of Learning123.6 Cultivate Students Spirit of Cooperation123.7 Clarify the Purpose of L
15、earning123.8 Summary12Chapter 4 The Ways of the Art of Lead-in in Primary School English Classroom Teaching134.1 Pictures134.2 Presenting New Knowledge after Review134.3 Questions134.4 Music134.5 Stories144.6 Games and Performance144.7 Casual Conversation144.8 Electronic Teaching Media and Animation
16、14Chapter 5 Conclusion16Bibliography17Acknowledgments18Chapter 1 Introduction As the first and most basic part of English teaching, “Lead-in” plays a vital role for completing the teaching tasks, improving the quality of teaching and achieving the teaching goals. “Lead-in” in primary school can not
17、only inspire the students learning interest and motivation, but also improve the teaching effect and efficiency.1.1 Research Background Since the reform and opening up, Chinas English teaching as a whole has been a rapid development and progress. But in the primary school, there still exist some pro
18、blems. So, studying the appropriate ways of leading in for primary school is very important. 1.1.1 The Requirements of New English Curriculum Standards for Primary School English In 2011 a new version of “Primary School English Curriculum Standard” directly emphasizes the primary curriculum teaching
19、 goal is to stimulate students interests in learning English and make students be able to use simple English in daily life to communicate with others. It highlights the students development ability and points out that English teaching should be geared to meet the needs of all students. Meanwhile, it
20、 should reflect the principal role of students and keep a watchful eye on the development of students personality. Moreover, teachers should strive to build a student-centered classroom teaching situation and cultivate students the ability of applying language flexibly. How to do in primary school E
21、nglish classroom teaching? And what kind of teaching methods are more in line with the elementary students needs? “Primary School English Teaching Basic Requirements (Try out)” pointed out the primary school English teaching had better try to use a variety of modern teaching means and create a good
22、language environment and sufficient opportunities to use language. In view of this, the author thinks that based on the fact that the primary school students are active and classroom concentration time is short, teachers should use appropriate import of classroom teaching method. It is very importan
23、t to stimulate the elementary students study interest and develop their good habits of language learning.1.1.2 The Present Situation of Primary School English Classroom TeachingSince the reform and opening up, Chinas English teaching as a whole has been a rapid development and progress. The governme
24、nt requests the regions with a good teaching environment to open English class as soon as possible, generally by the third grade in primary school, but now there are many areas in China starting English class from grade one. Even some economically developed areas, such as Guangzhou, Shanghai, kinder
25、gartens have begun bilingual teaching. To a certain extent, this embodies that the state of foreign language teaching in China is good, including the primary school, but there still exist some problems. Now in the primary school English classroom, students lack of the necessary language environment,
26、 and most teachers dont pay attention to teaching skills. Their teaching idea is backward and conservative. Students are lack of interests and motivation when they learn English. They have no creativity and individuality. The classroom is inanimate and teachers just read from the book. Students lear
27、n English with more insipidity, no enthusiasm, no initiative. Teachers instruction is imperative, not as a leading role. Students are not the body of the classroom and lack of an effective thinking inspired by teachers. The teaching is pure service for the exam. The primary school often appears the
28、situation that teachers are positive, but the students are not, seriously affecting the effects of English teaching.1.2 The Significance of This StudyPrimary school English in China starts late, not having formed a more mature and perfect system. In some places, the government, schools and even pare
29、nts do not pay enough attention to English in primary schools. The primary school English teachers quality needs to be improved and the primary school English classroom teaching atmosphere is not active, which lead to the teachers passive teaching and students mechanical learning. Ultimately, it bri
30、ngs poor teaching effect and low teaching efficiency. Through this research, primary school English teachers can make use of more scientifically and reasonably the art of lead-in of classroom teaching, activate classroom atmosphere, implement a scientific and interesting teaching, and finally improv
31、e teaching efficiency, arouse students interest and enthusiasm in learning English and realize win-win situation of students and teachers.Moreover, In June 2001, the ministry of education required conditional urban and rural primary schools to open English class from the third grade. And “ English C
32、urriculum Standard Interpretation (April 2002) also made a strict requirements and regulations on the class hour arrangement, teaching objectives and requirements, teaching mode and methods, teaching materials and resources, and teaching evaluation. Both of them emphasize life experience and cogniti
33、ve level and advocate practice, participation and communication learning. The paper mirrors the spirit of the new curriculum reform and performs the requirements of New English Curriculum Standards. By telling pupils physical and mental characteristics, the author shows the corresponding import meth
34、od which can be applied in primary school English teaching to help primary school English teachers to understand the importance of lead-in art and solve the existing problems in the current classroom teaching. Thus，teachers can preferably arouse students interests in learning English and enhance the
35、ir ability of applying language.- 18 -Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 A Brief Introduction to Primary School English Classroom Teaching2.1.1 The Psychological Characteristics of Elementary StudentsIn childhood, elementary students often show their own psychological characteristics. Famous Swiss psych
36、ologist Piaget divided children cognitive development into four stages in his cognitive development: sensorimotor stage (0 to 2 years old), preoperational stage (2 to 7 years old), the concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years old), formal operational stage (12 years old or older). Elementary school
37、 children are in the concrete operational stage. Because of their small ages, there are the following features: (l) Pupils often pay attention to something interesting, fresh, and ignore the main thing. (2) The elementary students conscious attention begins to develop, but unconscious attention stil
38、l works. Junior students attention is easily distracted, which need teachers tips and request in a timely manner. (3) Image is the main way of memory for the pupils. For younger children, intuitive image memory develops further. (4) The elementary students mind is transiting from specific image thin
39、king to abstract logical thinking and lack of self-consciousness and flexibility. In spite of that, their abstract logical thinking is still relatively poor. (5) In terms of emotion, elementary students moral sense is relatively fuzzy and often relies on the teachers to evaluate the good or bad of t
40、hings, and the elementary students intellect is mostly associated with specific things. (6) As for the lower grade, the ability of independent evaluation is comparatively poor. In the aspect of learning motivation, they hope to get the teachers praise. So, pupils are sensitive to how the teacher tre
41、ats him and what his reaction of learning is. As far as learning interests and habits are concerned, junior students are more interested in the forms of the learning process than the study contents and results. Pupils learning habits also have not yet fully formed and lack of enough understanding ab
42、out the language theories. Certainly, as the growth of the age, primary school students will gradually pay attention to the results of the study. Their interests in learning contents often are associated with their experience of satisfaction. They are usually in 9-12 years old. Children in this age
43、are full of curiosity. Compared with adults or junior high school students, they have more advantages in learning English, because of their limited knowledge of the theory and less susceptible to the influence of the Chinese mindset. So, they can be more stimulated the interest of learning English a
44、nd have more plasticity.2.1.2 The Characteristics of the Primary School English Classroom TeachingThe art of primary school English classroom teaching is that the primary school English teachers, in a planned way, purposely organize students to achieve effective learning activities based on children
45、 physical and psychological characteristics. This study mainly discusses the primary school English classroom teaching import, involving how English teachers teach students language knowledge and arouse the students interests in learning English. Finally, students using English ability is cultivated
46、.The overall goal of the new English curriculum standard is to cultivate students comprehensive language using ability. Primary school English classroom teaching should create a real communicative activities , establish a democratic and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, explore
47、the new ways of learning and expand the approaches of multichannel learning , which finally encourage the students to find vivid and real scene, to communicate, to innovate and to improve the humanities qualities, to reinforce the practice ability, to cultivate the spirit of innovation and develop their multiple intelligence, thus, in turn, develop their comprehensive language using ability.Primary school