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1、(五) 非谓语动词的常见变形1. 不定式 to do 一般式 to be done 一般式的被动语态 to have done 完成式(主动) to have been done 完成式的被动语态 for/of sb. to do sth 不定式复合结构2. 动名词 doing 一般式 being done 被动 ones doing 动名词复合结构 3. 分词 doing 主动/正在进行 done 被动/已完成 being done 正在进行的动作的被动 having done 该动作早于谓语动词动作(主) having been done (having done)的被动语态 sb./st
2、h. doing 独立主格结构 sb./sth. done 独立主格结构 4. 所有非谓语动词的否定是，都是将not前置 not to do not having done(一). 不定式和动名词作主语I. 不定式作主语时,一般用it作形式主语.1. It is important _for_ Tom to get that job.2. It is kind of you to help me with my English.总结: It is +adj.+for/of sb to do sth的结构中,若此形容词说明不定式的性质时, 则用_for_; 若说明的人(sb.)的特性, 则用_o
3、f_. It is nice_of_ you to help me with my English.2. It is necessary _for_you to improve your spoken English.II. 动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表达法 1. It is no use/good + doing 做某事没用(不好)2. There is no point doing(动名词) 做某事没意义E.g:*Its no use crying over spilt（被洒出的） milk. 覆水难收 spill总结: 不定式和动名词作主语的区别to do作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作
4、,具有偶然性;doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作, 往往表抽象概念。 注意: 该规则同样适用于作宾语, 表语. 比如: like to do / like doing Practice -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_C_ her new bike (made her upset). A. As she lostB. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing(二)不定式/动名词/分词作定语I. 不定式作定语1. She has no pencil A . A. to write with B. to write
5、about C. to write D. write in 2. She said she had a important meeting _B_. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending若作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词, 后必须要有介词。4. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _B_. A. drunk B. to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking 5. He is always the first _A_ questions.
6、A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered不定式常作不定代词，序数词和最高级的后置定语，或者名词前有序数词，最高级。 不定代词：some any every all/no+n.不定式作定语总结： (1). to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由别人做;Practice2. Anyone _B_ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carryB. seen carrying C. saw
7、to carry D. saw carrying3. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they were nowhere _C_. A. to findB. to have found C. to be foundD. being foundII. 只能跟do (不含to的不定式) 作宾补的动词1. 感官动词 (记忆口诀) 一感: feel 二听: hear, listen to (全过程) 三让: let, make, have 四看: see, watch, notice, observe(全过程)(C) 4. Though I have of
8、ten heard this song _. I have never heard you _ it. A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing(四) 状语(1). John raised his voice _A_. A. to make himself heard B. making himself heard C. to make himself hear D. making himself hear(2). He hurried to the station only to fin
9、d(find ) the train left.(表意料之外结果)状语总结:2. 分词作状语 *v-ing: 主动、正在进行 *v-ed: 被动、已完成*If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious= Putting more salt into the soup, you will find*When he was asked about his family, he made no answer.(When) Asked about his family, he made.* 分词作状语时, 其逻辑主
10、语必须与句子 的主语相同; 如果不相同, 分词前必须加上 自己的主语, 这种结构被称为独立主格结构。E.g: The moon appearing, we began to set off.If time permits, I will stay for another week.=Time permitting, I will stay for another week.(六)下列词通常为以下形式出现 -垂悬状语 judging from/by sth 根据判断 supposing/providing/ provided+从句 假如 considering/given sth 考虑到 tak
11、ing into consideration/account generally/strictly/frankly/roughly speaking 一般地/严格地/坦白地/大致地说 speaking of sth 谈及 compared with/ to 与相比 to tell (you) the truth = to be honest 实话告诉你 to make matters(事情)worse 更糟糕的是 1.She took her son, ran out of the house, _A_him in the car and drove quickly to the neares
12、t doctors office. A. putB. to put C. putting D. having put 2. Hearing the news, he rushed out, _B_ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened3. The old professor told us every part of the materials s
13、hould be made use of _A_ the power station. A. to buildB. building C. build D. built4. Most of the people_A_ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting5. When youre learning to drive, _B_ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. haveB. having C. and ha
14、veD. and having6. I felt it a great honour _C_ to speak to you. A. to askB. asking C. to be asked D. having asked7. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _B_ some schools for poor children. A. set upB. setting up C. have set upD. having set up8. The man you referred to _D_ just now. A. co
15、mesB. come C. coming D. came9. _A_ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. FollowB. Following C. To followD. Followed10. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _A_ to. A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken11. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _A
16、 _ how much they would cost. A. to explainB. explaining C. to be explaining D. having explained12. With a lot of difficult problems _C_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settledB. setting C. to settleD. being settled13. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,
17、but it remains _B_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeingD. seen14. _D_ to the party, Tony was very unhappy. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited15. No one was surprised at _D_ the examination. A. he passing B. his pa
18、ss C. him pass D. his passing16. Dick made it _B_ to all his friends. A. to know B. known C. know D. knowing17. Its no use_A_ with him. You might as well(倒不如) _ with a stone wall. A. arguing; argue B. to argue; arguing C. arguing; arguing D. to argue; argue18. The murderer was brought in, with his h
19、ands _D_ behind his back. A. being tiedB. having tied C. to be tied D. Tied19. Excuse me for _B_ in without _. A. coming; asking B. coming; being asked C. to come; asking D. to come; being asked20. The new shopping center _C_ now will be put into use at the end of this year. A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built