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1、2012年复旦大学考博英语试卷词汇1 It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the _ way the store was organized.A logical B haphazard C orderly D tidy2 Mississippi also uplolds the Souths well-deserved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly_cuisine.A de
2、structive B horrible C amiable D delectable3 If she is stupid,shes _pleasant to look at.A at any rate B by chance C at a loss D by the way4 The mother was_with grief when she heard that her child was dead.A fantastic B frank C frantic D frenzy5 In your teens,peer-group friendships may _from parents
3、as the major influence on you.A take control B take place C take up D take over6 Parents often faced the _between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A paradox B junction C premise D dilemma7 There
4、 have been demonstrations on the streets_the recent terrorist attack.A in the wake of B in the course ofC in the context of D in the light of8 Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly_access to necessary care.A grudged B denied C negated D invalidated9 It has
5、been proposed by many linguists that human language_,our biologically programmed abilith to use language, is still not well defined and understood.A potentiality B perception C faculty D acquisition10 Western medicine,_science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical de
6、grees,is only one of many systems of healing.A rooted in B originated from C trapped in D indulged in11 When I asked if a black politician could win in France,however ,he responded _:”No,conditions are different here.”A ambiguously B implicitly C unhesitatingly D optimistically12 The development of
7、staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively _by the use of humor.A acquainted B installed C regulated D facilitated13 In both America and Europe,it is _to tip the waiter or waitress anywhere from 10% to 20%.A elementary B temporary C voluntary D customary14 Such an
8、approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps_rigid departmental borndaries.A pass over B stand for C break down Dset off15 As a teenager,I was_by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life.A pursued B seduced C consumed D guaranteed16 His originality as a com
9、poser is_by the following group of songs.A exemplified B created C performed D realized17 They are going to London,but their_destination is Rome.A ultimate B prime C next D cardinal18 The poor old man was _with diabetes and without proper treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very
10、 soon.A suffered B afflicted C induced D infected19 The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to _the marriage.A terminate B initiate Cconsummate D separate20 Join said that the richer countries of the world should make a _effort to hel
11、p the poorer countries.A futile B glittering C frantic D concentrated21 The problem is inherent and _in any democracy,but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians.A perishable B periodical C perve
12、rse D perennial22As is known to all ,_commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.A counterfeit B fake C imitative D fraudulent23 It would be _to think that this could solve all the areas problems straight away.A subtle Bfeeble C nasty D nave24It is surprising that such an innoce
13、nt-looking man should have_such a crime.A confirmed B clarified C committed D converyed25 Hummans are _,which enables them to make dicisions even when they cant justify why.A rational B reasonable C hesitant D intuitive26 More than 100_cats that used to roam the streets in a Chinese province have no
14、w been collected and organized into a tram to fight rodents that are destroying crops.A loose B tamed C wild D stary27 To say that his resignation was a shock would be an_-it caused panie.A excuse B indulgence C exaggeration D understatement28 Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher ,
15、aiming at truth,must not _the seduction of trying to write beautifully.A subject to B carry on C yield to D aim at29 I found the subject very difficult ,and at one time thought I should have to give it up,but you directions are so clear and _that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pr
16、etty,though wanting in the tender grace of yours.A on the point B off the point C to the point D up to a point30 They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them,dusted for fingerprints,took pictures and tried to _what could have happened.A rehearse B r
17、eiterate C reinforce D reenact阅读：AIn 1896 a georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that sincethe child had made no real economic contribution to thefamily, there was no liability for damages. in contrast,less than a century later, in 1979, the parents
18、 of a threeyear old sued in New York for accidental-death damagesand won an award of $750,000.the transformation in social values implicit in juxta-posing these two incidents is the subject of viviana zelizers excellent book, pricing the priceless child.during the nineteenth century, she argues, the
19、 conceptof the useful child who contributed to the familyeconomy gave way gradually to the present-day notionof the useless child who, though producing no incomefor, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yetconsidered emotionally priceless. well establishedamong segments of the middle and
20、upper classes by themid-1800s, this new view of childhood spread through-out society in the iate-nineteenth and early-twentiethcenturies as reformers introduced child-labor regulationsand compulsory education laws predicated in part on theassumption that a childs emotional value made childlabor tabo
21、o.for zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. the gradual erosion of childrensproductive value in a maturing industrial economy,the decline in birth and death rates, especially in childmortality, and the development of the companionatefamily (a family in which members were
22、united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factorscritical in changing the assessment of childrens worth.yet expulsion of children from the cash nexus,.although clearly shaped by profound changes in theeconomic, occupational, and family structures, zelizer maintains. was also part o
23、f a cultural process of sacralization of childrens lives. protecting children from thecrass business world became enormously important forlate-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, shesuggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting whatthey perceived as the relentless corruption of humanval
24、ues by themarketplace.in stressing the cultural determinants of a childsworth. zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the newsociological economics, who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. a
25、llowing only a small role for cultural forcesin the form of individual preferences, these sociologiststend to view all human behavior as directed primarily bythe principle of maximizing economic gain. zelizer ishighly critical of this approach, and emphasizes insteadthe opposite phenomenon: the powe
26、r of social values totransform price. as children became more valuable inemotional terms, she argues, their exchange or surrender value on the market, that is, the conversion oftheir intangible worth into cash terms, became muchgreater.1. it can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death dam
27、age awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the(a) earnings of the person at time of death(b) wealth of the party causing the death(c) degree of culpability of the party causing the death(d) amount of money that had been spent on the person killed2. it can b
28、e inferred from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who(a) needed enormous amounts of security and affection(b) required constant supervision while working(c) were important to the economic well-being of a family(d) were unsuited to s
29、pending long hours in school3. which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?(a) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because
30、parents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing oftheir children.(b) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expected earnings over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.(c) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century
31、because the spread of humanitarian ideals resulted in a wholesale reappraisal of the worth of an individual(d) the cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsory education laws reduced the supply, and thus raised the costs, of available child labor.4. the primary purpos
32、e of the passage is to(a) review the literature in a new academic subfield(b) present the central thesis of a recent book(c) contrast two approaches to analyzing historical change(d) refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon5. zelizer refers to all of the following as important influen
33、ces in changing the assessment of childrens worth except changes in(a) the mortality rate(b) the nature of industry(c) the nature of the family(d) attitudes toward reform movementsBA stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the tra
34、ffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that thepavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: Im goingto walk where I like. Weve got liberty now. It did not occurto the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian towalk down the middle of the road, the
35、n the end of such libertywould be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody elses way and nobody would get anywhere.Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just
36、as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, theliberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman,say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not o
37、f tyranny, but of liberty.You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that yourliberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere withyour free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflec
38、t that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would nevercross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private libertyin order that you may enjoy a social order which makes yourliberty a re
39、ality.Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody elses liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown whoshall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me
40、, but I haveliberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or waxing my moustache (which heaven forbid), orwearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no mans permission. I shall not inquire of you whether I
41、may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox toWordsworth, or champagne to shandy.In all these and a thousand other details you and I pleaseourselves and ask no ones leave. We have a whole kingdom inw
42、hich we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly westep out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other peoples liberty. I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning.
43、If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streetsthe neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.There are a lot of people
44、 in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are muchmore conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of so
45、cial conduct.It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, anddeclare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits ofcommonplace intercourse that make up th
46、e great sum of life andsweeten or make bitter the journey.1.The author might have stated his rule of the road asA. do not walk in the middle of the roadB. follow the orders of policemenC. do not behave inconsiderately in publicD. do what you like in private2.The authors attitude to the old lady in p
47、aragraph one isA. condescending B. intolerant C. objective D supportive3 A situation analogous to the insolence of office described in paragraph 2 would beA. a teacher correcting grammar errorsB. an editor shortening the text of an articleC. a tax inspector demanding to see someones accountsD. an army office giving orders to a soldier4 The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes inA. all matters of dress and f