《2012年四川大学考博英语真题及参考答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2012年四川大学考博英语真题及参考答案.pdf（18页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2012 年四川大学考博英语真题及参考答案Passage oneThere are people in Italy who cant stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey.A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you maybe one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseballto them means boring hours wat
2、ching grown men in funny tight outfits standing aroundin a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell youits a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. Theseare the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres thesport that glo
3、rifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. Youwill contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may
4、,of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the gameaffords so much space and time for involvement. The TV wont do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugoutand you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexe
5、d. His armshang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sportsso still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: thethird baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a pointin front of him, takes a step right or left,
6、backward or forward, perhaps he glancesacross the field to check his first basemans position. Suppose the pitch isa ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvementin the stands is no more intellectual than lis
7、tening to music is. Watch the thirdbaseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in yourglove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehideon wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chambermusic, a spacious interl
8、ocking of notes, chores and responses.1. The passage is mainly concerned with .A. the different tastes of people for sportsB. the different characteristics of sportsC. the attraction of footballD. the attraction of baseball2. Those who dont like baseball may complain that .A. it is only to the taste
9、 of the oldB. it involves fewer players than footballC. it is not exciting enoughD. it is pretentious and looks funny3. The author admits that .A. baseball is too peaceful for the youngB. baseball may seem boring when watched on TVC. football is more attracting than baseballD. baseball is more inter
10、esting than football4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4thparagraph last sentence):A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could makeno different to the result.C. The third baseman is so
11、 good at baseball that he could finish the gamewith eyes closed all the time and do his work well.D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.5. We can safely conclude that the author .A. likes footballB. hates footballC. hates baseballD. likes baseballVocabulary1. dugout n.棒球场边供球员休息的地
12、方2. pitcher n.投手3. symphony n.交响乐4. chamber n.室内5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视长难句解析各类考试资料 vx：344647 公众号：顺通考试资料【解析】此句的主干是“Baseballmeanswatching”，其中“in funnytight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。 【解析】 这是一个复合句， “goes up” ， “flexe
13、s” “takes” ， “glances”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。1. D 主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”
14、可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A 不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。2. C 细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。 A 意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D 意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它 gentlemanl
15、y(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。3. B 推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV wont do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D 不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。4. B 推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方
16、全投出好球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是 B 项所写的。A、C、D 都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。5. D 推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而
17、且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。Among the more colorful characters of Leadvilles golden age were H.A.W.Tabor andhis second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history isfast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin Warner Tabor wasa school teacher in Vermont.With his first w
18、ife and two children he left Vermontby covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farmingto his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Coloradomines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining campknown as California
19、Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became itsleading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said.As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadvillesfortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a generalstore,which sold ev
20、erything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco. It was his customto “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food andsupplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return for which he would geta share in the mine if one was discovered.He did this for a number of years,butno
21、 one that he aided ever found anything of value.Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came inand asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had losttoo much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy toargue with them. “Oh he
22、lp yourself.One more time wont make any difference,”He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took$17 worth of supplies,in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest intheir findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.Afterni
23、ne days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the othertwo men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “PittsburghMine,” made1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside justoutside t
24、he town for $117 000.This turned out to be even more fabulous than thePittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Taborbecame its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT.A.because Tabor
25、 became its leading citizenB.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found thereC.because it could bring good fortune to TaborD.because it was renamed2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means.A.to supply miners with food and suppliesB.to open a general storeC.to do ones contribution to th
26、e development of the mineD.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share inthe mine,if one was discovered3.Tabor made his first fortune.A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-thirdinterest in the findingsB.because he was persuaded by the two miners to q
27、uit supplyingC.by buying the shares of the otherD.as a land speculator4. The underlying reason for Tabors life career is.A. purely accidentalB. based on the analysis of miners being very poor and their possibilityof discovering profitable mining siteC. through the help from his second wifeD. he plan
28、ned well and accomplished targets step by step5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introducedin the following part?A.Tabors life.B.Tabors second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.C.Other colorful characters.D.Tabors other careers.Vocabulary1.barren adj. 贫瘠的2.fabulous adj. 神话般的，难以置信的3.
29、lure vt.诱惑，引诱4.deposit n.沉淀，储蓄5.grubstake v.下注长难句解析【解析】“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”后面的句子，“while”引导时间状语从句。【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”，说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯奥斯汀沃纳泰勃发家的故事。1. C 细节题。因为 Leadville 可以为 Tabor 带来巨富。这一点不是 Leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为 Tabor 成为当地的居民
30、代表人物，B.因为在 Leadville 有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为 Leadville 是因为Tabor 重要而起的名，唯独 C 没有，因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。2. D 词汇题。第二段中 grubstake 的词义与 D 所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版 64 页)但此处还补充地讲，作为回报，供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第 4 行)3. A 细节题。Tabor 第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段 4-9 行内容：两名开矿者从 Tabor 那儿借走价值
31、17 美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor 获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是 Tabor 又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于 Tabor 一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。Tabor 用17 美元的投资换来了 130 万美元的收获。4. B 推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创的“grubstake”模式，因为 A、D 都不对，C 更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出 B 选项所示的结论。5. B 推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么
32、在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key 可以从文章第一句分析出来， 在 Leadville 的黄金年代， 其多彩的特点当中， Tabor及其第二任妻子 Elizabeth McCourt 是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor 发家致富的历史， 如先买下匹兹堡矿， 后又买下 Matchless 矿， 最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt 的天地了，她是 Tabor 的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事2013 四川大学考博英语真题完形填空Research on animal intellige
33、nce always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Timeson Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer， that there isan 4 in n
34、ot being too terrifically bright.Intelligence， it 5， is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep， burnsmore fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learninga 7 processinstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn， and one of thethings theyve apparently learned i
35、s when to 8 。Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence？ Thats the question behind thisnew research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the speciesweve left in the dust I.Q.-wise， it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our ownintelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of ever
36、y animal Ive ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animalswould 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner， 14 ， is runninga small cale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs，they would test us to 16 the limit
37、s of our patience， our faithfulness， our memoryfor terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 ，not merely how much of it there is. 18 ， they would hope to study a 19 question：Are humans actually aware of the world they live in？ 20 the results areinconclusive.1. A Supp
38、oseB ConsiderC ObserveD Imagine2. A tendedB fearedC happenedD threatened3. A thinnerB stablerC lighterD dimmer4. A tendencyB advantageC inclinationD priority5. A insists onB sums upC turns outD puts forward6. A off B behindC overD along7. A incredibleB spontaneousCinevitableD gradual8. A fightB doub
39、tC stopD think9. A invisibleB limitedC indefiniteD different10. A upwardB forwardC afterwardD backward11. A featuresB influencesC resultsD costs12. A outsideB onC byD across13. A deliverB carryC performD apply14. A by chanceB in contrastC as usualD for instance15. A ifB unlessC asD lest16. A moderat
40、eB overcomeC determineD reach17. A atB forC afterD with18. A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19. A fundamentalB comprehensiveC equivalentD hostile20. A By accidentB In timeC So farD Better stillI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I amso tired that, final
41、ly, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a baddream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to thinkof something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She
42、moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her longblack hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In herhair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of mychildhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hour
43、s braiding ribbons intoour hair.I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and ,with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.”She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looke
44、d back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and trianglesand circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy oneof those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the customto bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and
45、easy moves withthe sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few wordsI was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she sawthat I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook ourheads in
46、 disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer andthen another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she acceptedthe last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was beingtoo generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and
47、picked up twomore skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to payher three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the largerpurchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted.I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed wi
48、th me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handedthem to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayedbehind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt , ofcourse.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it
49、, I havealso learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in thenewspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirtsup to look at them again before I pack them. Something fa
50、lls to floor. I reach downand feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see whatI have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The womanin the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this t