《非谓语动词----语法讲解之不定式ppt课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词----语法讲解之不定式ppt课件.pptx（66页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:1. 作主语作主语2. 作表语作表语3. 作宾语作宾语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sle
2、ep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1 Itis形容词（表示人的性格品质） of sb to do2 Itis形容词（表示做某事是怎么样） for sb to do注（1）当形容词表示人的性格品质时，逻辑主语由of引出, 如：kind，nice, good, polite, clever, careful
3、，careless， foolish， （2）当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出. 如： difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible 1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy j
4、obisYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to doafford to do sth. 负担得起做某事负担得
5、起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事安排做某事attempt to do sth.试图做某事试图做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某
6、事期待做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事未能做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事害怕做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事碰巧做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事希望做某事intend to do sth.打算打算/想要做某事想要做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事设法做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事打算做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划
7、做某事计划做某事prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事更喜欢做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事希望做某事would like/love to do sth. 想要做某事想要做某事think considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to
8、 hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj./n.+ to do 巩固练习2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补宾补 Complementallow, cause, ask, advise
9、, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doadvise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做
10、某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事get sb. to
11、 do sth. 使（要）某人做某事使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某
12、事需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事教某人做某事tell
13、sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事希望某人做某事1、why not do 或 Why dont you do之后。2、在固定词组had better do 否定形式是had better not do sth.例如: You had bett
14、er go home now.你最好现在回家。 Its cold outside. Youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: 五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: 3.v4.vwould rather (not) do sth.vwould rather do A than (do) Bvwould rath
15、er + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式）v （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 5. 表示“只好, 不得不”的but之后：(cant /could not but, cant / could not help but, cant choose but) 1) Its raining hard. I cant help but stay at home. 2) We could not but sweep at our bad luck. 3) I cant choose but finish the work.6.不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前
16、有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那那么介词后的不定式不带么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带相反则带to.v(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)v(2). I have no choice but_. (go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleepI made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and ge
17、t hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work点击规律点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被被修饰的名词、代词之后修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板提示板: : 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介切记不要忘掉后面的介词词。如 I have a small chair to sit onon(sit on the chair) There
18、arent enough rooms to live in. (live in enough rooms)(5). 定语定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to
19、 study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inI came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to
20、 ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.only to do sth 竟然竟然.往往表示一种出乎意料的或令往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。人失望的结果。原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed，excited等词后面。对其进行补充说明, 作形容词补足语）如： I am glad to
21、 see you here I am sorry to trouble youv注意如下两个句型的用法，后面的to+V（原形）都是做状语。vA. too + adj / adv + to +do . 太太而不能而不能.vB. . + adj / adv + enough to +do. 足够足够.干干 eg. He is too young to go to school =He isnt old enough to go to school.1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C
22、. Sleep D. Having slept巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等。足语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation o
23、r not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语) )不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用:He didnt tell me where to go. (直宾) I dont know what to say now.(宾语)I dont know what to do next. (宾语） He taught us how to use the compu
24、ter(宾语补足语) v1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early only to see youv9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.v10. How to solve
25、 this problem is very important.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用1. It is useful to know how to drive.2. The best way to learn a foreign language is to make friends with a foreigner.3. I need to attend the meeting.主语定语表语宾语U
26、nderline the infinitives and tell their Parts of speech. 4. I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.5. She listens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.6. I was disappointed to hear the news.宾语补足语目的状语原因状语关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g.: Wo
27、uld you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride
28、 his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习4注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，
29、只能用后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the wi
30、ndow so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：v remember to do 记住去做某事； forget to do 忘记去做某事 v remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过
31、某事vgo on + doing 继续做同一事 stop + doing 停止正在做的事vgo on to do 继续做某事（前后是两件事） stop +to do 停下来去做另一件事 vlike doing 喜欢做某事（指兴趣爱好） hate doing 讨厌去做某事v like to do 偶尔喜欢去做某事 hate to do 不愿去做某事v（人）need to do 某人需要去做某事v（物）need doing 某物需要被.v begin /start /continue to do /doing 开始做某事 不定式高级用法主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进
32、行式完成进行式Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行
33、) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told巩固练习33. Charles Babbage is gener
34、ally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave1. This company was the first _ portable radios in the world. A. producin
35、g B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. nor to make BCChoose the best answers.3. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herse
36、lf hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heardD4. I dont know whether you happen _, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A. to be heard. B. to be bearing C. to hear D. to have heardD5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B.
37、to be told C. telling D. told6. You were silly not _ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked BB7. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make8. Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B.
38、taking C. to bring D. bringing DC9. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at 10. I prefer _ rather than _. A. read; watch B. to read; watch C. reading; to watch D. to read; to watch CB1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studi
39、ed in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect
40、C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what t
41、o do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned
42、up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating1
43、1. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to
44、 the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make1. -I usually go there by
45、 train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to
46、clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study
47、C. to be studying D. to have been studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be see
48、n C. seeing D. see8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning
49、 it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make