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1、1._ n.&v. 饥饿，渴望饥饿，渴望2._ adj.晒黑的晒黑的3._ v.斗争，拼搏，努力斗争，拼搏，努力4._ adj.令人不安的令人不安的5._ v.详述，扩张详述，扩张6._ n.自由，自主自由，自主hungersunburntstruggledisturbingexpandfreedom 7._ adv.thus8._ v. 使迷惑，使为难使迷惑，使为难9._ n.& v.遗憾，懊悔遗憾，懊悔10._ v.减少减少11.statistic n. _12.circulate v. _13.battle n. _战争，战役战争，战役thereforepuzzleregretreduc
2、e统计，数据统计，数据循环循环14.equip v. _15.occupation n. _16.chemical adj. _17.bacteria n. _18.nutrition n. _ment n.& v._20.root n. _装备装备职业职业化学的化学的细菌细菌营养营养评论；发表评论评论；发表评论根源根源struggle for. 为为斗争斗争struggle against/with. 同同作斗争作斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事努力做某事 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来1.struggle vi.斗争，奋斗斗争，奋
3、斗n.斗争；拼搏斗争；拼搏 She struggled _ the independence of her country all her life. We all struggle _ the pollution of environment. The old man struggled _ his feet，walking out of the room. Try to stop the children_ fighting_ each other.withfor againsttofrom用用struggle及其短语的适当形式完成下列及其短语的适当形式完成下列句子。句子。1. We sh
4、ould be brave to _ (同同做斗争做斗争) the difficulty. 2. The _ (斗争斗争) for independence was long and hard. 3. Three brothers _ (为争为争取取而斗争而斗争) the possession of a jewelry box.struggle with/againststrugglestruggled for The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B
5、. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【点拨】【点拨】 选选A。I与与hear之间构成逻辑上之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，再根据的被动关系，再根据struggle to do结构结构可知选可知选A项。项。AThe working people have never stopped their struggle_ unfair treatment. A. against B. for C. from D. to 解析解析:选选A。struggle against意为意为“同同作斗争作斗争”;struggle for意为意为“为了为了而斗争而斗争”。由句意
6、知应选。由句意知应选A。2.expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展使变大；伸展派生：派生：expansion n. 展开；膨胀；扩展展开；膨胀；扩展expand （sth）into (把把)扩展为扩展为.expand on/upon 细说；阐述细说；阐述运用：根据汉语意思完成句子。运用：根据汉语意思完成句子。 金属受热膨胀。金属受热膨胀。Heat_. 在写作课上，老师要求孩子们把一个句子扩展在写作课上，老师要求孩子们把一个句子扩展成一个故事。成一个故事。The teacher asked the children _ in the writing class. 你能详细说一下你的观点吗？你
7、能详细说一下你的观点吗？Could you please_?expand on your point of view expands metalto expand asentence into a story即学即练即学即练2(1)Metals _ when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀金属受热会膨胀。(2)Weve _ _ _ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务店以扩展业务。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _.我把问题重复了一遍我把问题重复了一
8、遍，等着她进行充分阐述等着她进行充分阐述。expandexpandedthebusinessexpand3.thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为幸亏；由于；因为(=because of)运用：根据汉语意思完成句子。运用：根据汉语意思完成句子。 由于校长的努力，我现在又能回学校上学了。由于校长的努力，我现在又能回学校上学了。_，I can go back to school now. 由于天气很糟糕，露天表演取消了。由于天气很糟糕，露天表演取消了。 _，the open-air show was cancelled.Thanks to the bad weatherThanks to the h
9、eadmaster effortsIt was _ your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. A. because B. thank C. thanks to D. as解析解析:选选C。because 和和as 虽然也表示虽然也表示“因为，因为，由于由于”，但后面需连接句子，而句中是短，但后面需连接句子，而句中是短语，故应用语，故应用thanks to。句意为：。句意为： 幸亏你幸亏你及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。运用：说出下列句中划线部分的意思。运用：说出下列句中划线部分的意思。 You
10、 must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas . Paul finally rid himself of debt . Bad habits are hard to get rid of .4.rid sb/sth of sth 使使摆脱；除去摆脱；除去 =free sb/sth of/from sth摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚还清了债务还清了债务消灭，消除消灭，消除完成句子，使其与所给的句子意思相同完成句子，使其与所给的句子意思相同或相近。或相近。1. It is not easy for him to get rid of
11、 the bad habit. It is hard for him to _ _ _ the bad habit.2. He plans to give up smoking in two months.He plans to _ _ _ smoking in two months.get rid of / rid himself ofrid himself of类似用法动词类似用法动词：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事提醒某人某事warn sb of sth 警告某人警告某人inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事通知某人某事cure sb of sth 治愈某
12、人治愈某人(某种疾病某种疾病)rob sb of sth 抢劫某人的抢劫某人的.被动语态：被动语态：be robbed of sthrelieve sb of sth解除某人的（负担或责任）；解除某人的（负担或责任）；减轻某人的（压力，痛苦）减轻某人的（压力，痛苦）The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售量的情销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售量的情况及时报告他。况及时报告他。 她从来不满足于现状。她从来不满足于现状。Shes
13、 never _ the present situation. 你对他的解释满意吗你对他的解释满意吗?Are you _? 5.be satisfied with.对对感到满意感到满意 be content with. be pleased with.satisfied with his explanationsatisfied with6.would rather 宁愿；宁可宁愿；宁可宁愿做某事宁愿做某事would rather do sth.宁愿做宁愿做A事而不愿做事而不愿做B事事would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than do B
14、=prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事would rather(that)sb.did /had done sth本本(不不)想做想做（而实际上未做或做了）（而实际上未做或做了）would rather (not) have done 运用：用所给词的适当形式填空。运用：用所给词的适当形式填空。 I would rather _ (stay) at home. I would rather you _ (go) to the cinema now. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow. I would
15、rather fail than _ (cheat) in the examination.cheat stay wentcameGeorge is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. (江苏江苏2010)A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【点拨】【点拨】 选选 B。句意：乔治将要谈他的。句意：乔治将要谈他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他能更多地谈国家的地理，但是我宁愿他能更多地谈一下文化。本题
16、中一下文化。本题中would rather后跟从句，后跟从句，用虚拟语气。用虚拟语气。 高考链接高考链接- Shall we go skating or stay at home?- Which _ do yourself? (05 全国）全国）A. do you rather B. would you ratherC. will you rather D. should you rather答案答案B would rather do sth. 更喜欢做更喜欢做Id rather _ the basketball match last night. Otherwise, I would hav
17、e finished my paperwork by now. （2010徐州检测）徐州检测）A. not have watched B. not watchC. hadnt watch D. havent watch解析解析:选选A。would rather not have done表示表示“本不想做本不想做（实际却做了）（实际却做了）”。后一。后一句句意为：否则我现在已经完成了我的文句句意为：否则我现在已经完成了我的文件。件。 所以前句表示所以前句表示“本不想看球赛却看本不想看球赛却看了了”，故选，故选A。7. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此因
18、此He was very tired and _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired, _ he fell sound asleep.他累得很他累得很，因此睡得很熟因此睡得很熟。thereforeThereforesotherefore是副词，不能直接用来连接两个简单是副词，不能直接用来连接两个简单句，句，and therefore 相当于相当于so. 还有还有therefore常常表示很强的推断，用法比较正式，表示很强的推断，用法比较正式，so则是一个并列连词，它常用
19、来连接两个则是一个并列连词，它常用来连接两个简单句，简单句，后一个句子通常表示结果，多用后一个句子通常表示结果，多用于口语，比较随便。于口语，比较随便。8.equip v. 装备，配备；使有能力装备，配备；使有能力 _ n.U设备设备 _adj.准备好的，装备好的准备好的，装备好的_搭配搭配给（某人给（某人/物）物）配备配备/装备装备_搭配搭配使某人准使某人准备好做某事备好做某事equip sb.for sth./to do sth.equipmentequippedequip sb/sth.with .be equipped with sth. 装备有装备有sb. be equipped f
20、or sth/ to do sth. a piece of equipment 一件设备一件设备a set of equipment一套设备一套设备 作主语时，谓语动词由作主语时，谓语动词由piece和和set的单复数决定。的单复数决定。类似用法的不可数名词还有：类似用法的不可数名词还有：a piece of furniture 一件一件家具家具a set of furniture 一套一套家具家具a piece of advice一条建议一条建议 Our school offers good _(equip) and your training here will equip you _ y
21、our future job. The room is equipped _ home appliances (家用电器家用电器).with equipmentfor It was a modern，bright and well _ (equip) hospital. Education and travel have equipped him _ (deal) with all sorts of people.to deal equipped 即学即练即学即练4(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和
22、一台录音机我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A good education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。 isequippedwithequipyouforlifesomenewequipmentAll classes of this school are _ with modern _. A. equipped; equipment B. equipped; equipmentsC. equipping
23、; equipments D. equipping; equipment解析解析:选选A。equip .with .意为意为“用用装装备备”，被动形式为，被动形式为be equipped with;equipment意为意为“装备；设备装备；设备”，是，是不可数名词。不可数名词。9.confuse v.使困惑；混淆；搞乱使困惑；混淆；搞乱 _n.混乱；紊乱；混乱状态混乱；紊乱；混乱状态 _adj.令人困惑的；使人混乱的令人困惑的；使人混乱的 _adj. 感到困惑的；被弄糊涂的感到困惑的；被弄糊涂的 _搭配搭配把把混同；混同；辨别不清辨别不清confuse A with/and Bconfusi
24、onconfusingconfused He was really _(confuse) by the_ (confuse) problem which also confused other people for a long time. When the earthquake occurred everything was in _ .(confuse) Im always confusing John _ Paul.confusedconfusingconfusionwith/and 10.regret n.& v.懊悔，惋惜，遗憾懊悔，惋惜，遗憾 _adj. 后悔的，遗憾的后悔的，遗憾
25、的 _adj. 无悔的，没有遗憾的无悔的，没有遗憾的 _搭配搭配 后悔后悔已经做了某事已经做了某事 _搭配搭配遗憾地要去做某事遗憾地要去做某事regret to do sth.regretfulregretlessregret doing/having done sthregret to say/tell/inform. 很很遗憾遗憾地说地说/告诉告诉/通知通知with （much） regret 后悔地，遗憾地后悔地，遗憾地(much) to ones regret=to ones (great) regret令人遗憾的是令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对对感到后悔感到后悔
26、regretthat后悔后悔，遗憾遗憾 The King always felt _ (regret), for he regretted _ (kill) the man who committed no crime at all. I regret_ (tell) you that my friend is ill.to tellregretfulkilling(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we
27、 are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你我们不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _， I must leave now.令我很遗憾的是令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜我们觉得很可惜。havingbeenthathehadbeentoinformMuchtomy regretwith regretThey failed to
28、pass the exam last time. I regretted_ them. A. to be not able to help B. not being able to helpC. being not able to help D. not be able to help解析解析:选选B。句意表示对过去的事情感到遗憾，。句意表示对过去的事情感到遗憾，故用故用regret doing形式，动名词的否定形式形式，动名词的否定形式是在是在doing前加前加not。故选。故选B。11.build up vt.&vi. 逐渐增强；建立；开发逐渐增强；建立；开发运用：说出下列句中划线部分的意
29、思。运用：说出下列句中划线部分的意思。 You need more protein to build you up. Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up .在逐渐增长在逐渐增长使你强壮使你强壮build oneself/sb. up使自己使自己/某人健康或强壮某人健康或强壮build( sth.) up逐步获得发展增加或增强某事物逐步获得发展增加或增强某事物来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。Traffic is _ _ _ roads into the ci
30、ty.该公司已建立起良好的信誉。该公司已建立起良好的信誉。The company has _ _ a fine reputation.你在病后必须要增强体力。你在病后必须要增强体力。You must _ _ your strength after your illness.答案：答案：building up on built up build up ones strength/body 强身健体强身健体用法点拨：用法点拨： build up可以用作及物动词，也可以用可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词，意为作不及物动词，意为“逐步建立；逐步扩大逐步建立；逐步扩大”，build sth.up的
31、意思也是我们需要特别注意的。的意思也是我们需要特别注意的。理解：指出句中划线部分的意思。理解：指出句中划线部分的意思。 His carelessness led to the accident. This road leads to that mountain village. Einstein did many experiments，which led him to this conclusion .12.lead to 导致；造成导致；造成(后果后果)；通向；通向联想：联想： result in 导致，引起导致，引起(某种结果某种结果)使他得出了这个结论使他得出了这个结论导致导致通向通向
32、条条大道通罗马。条条大道通罗马。All roads lead to Rome. lead sb to +n. 引导引导到到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事使某人做某事(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？leading toled you to take upfocus
33、on 集中集中(注意力、精力等注意力、精力等)于于focus sth on. 使使集中于集中于focus ones attention on. 集中注意力于集中注意力于focus ones eyes on. 目光集中到目光集中到 focus ones mind on. 把心思集中到把心思集中到上上注意的焦点注意的焦点 the focus of attention13.focus n.焦点；中心点焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦集中；聚焦运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 作为学生，我们应把心思主要集中在功课上。作为学生，我们应把心思主要集中在功课上。As stude
34、nts,we should_. 今天，我们主要讨论无家可归者的问题。今天，我们主要讨论无家可归者的问题。Today were going to _ of homeless people. 把注意力集中在你的工作上。把注意力集中在你的工作上。 _your work. Focus your attention on focus our minds mainly on our lessonsfocus on the problem(1)Her beauty makes her _ _ _ _.她长得漂亮她长得漂亮，很惹人注意很惹人注意。(2)She felt all the eyes _ _ _ h
35、er.她觉得所有人都在注视着她她觉得所有人都在注视着她。thefocusofattentionwerefocusedon专心于专心于., 把思想集中于把思想集中于还可表达成：还可表达成：concentrate (ones attention) on. fix (ones attention) on.14.reduce v.减少减少;降低降低;缩小缩小(尺寸尺寸,数量数量,价格价格等等)reduce/fall/drop sth by . 减少了减少了.reduce/fall/drop sth to . 减少到减少到派生：派生：reduction n.降低，减少降低，减少温馨提示：温馨提示：red
36、uce还可表示还可表示“使使陷入陷入某种更糟的状态某种更糟的状态” 。be reduced to 沦落为沦落为；简化为；简化为运用：用适当的介词填空。运用：用适当的介词填空。 Its said that prices of oil will be increased _ more than 7yuan. Because of the pressure from people，housing prices has reduced _ 10% since the beginning of this year.byto(1)He persuaded them to _ the price _ $1
37、000.他设法使他们的价格降到他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.生产成本下降了生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。reducetobeenreducedbyreducedto运用：翻译下列句子。运用：翻译下列句子。 我们把书放进书柜以避免落上灰尘。我们把书放进书柜以避免落上灰尘。We put our books in bookcase _. 15.keep.free from. 使使免
38、受免受(伤害伤害)；使；使不含不含(有害物有害物)them free from dust to keep 我们必须尽力使这条河流免受污染。我们必须尽力使这条河流免受污染。We must try our best_ . 这是能让你远离疾病的最好方法。这是能让你远离疾病的最好方法。That is the best way _. to keep you free from sicknessto keep the riverfree from ment v.评论；谈论评论；谈论 _n.评论，意见，解释，批评评论，意见，解释，批评 _搭配搭配 对某事做评论对某事做评论make a comment/com
39、ments on sth.=comment on mentcomment that.评论评论到到No comment. 无可奉告无可奉告 I wont comment _ what people say.on(1)Have you any _ _ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It created _ _ in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论这引起报界广泛的评论。(3)He made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He _ that it w
40、as an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩他评论这部电影很精彩。commentsonwide commentcommentsoncommented1.努力拼搏做某事努力拼搏做某事_2.幸亏，由于幸亏，由于 _3.摆脱，除去摆脱，除去 _4.宁愿，宁可宁愿，宁可 _5.使某人迷惑使某人迷惑 _6.后悔做了某事后悔做了某事 _regret doing/having done sth. struggle to do sth.thanks toget rid of/rid. ofwould ratherconfuse sb7. 导致，造成导致，造成 _8. 集中注意力于集中注意力于
41、 _9. 使使免受伤害等免受伤害等 _10. 对某事进行评论对某事进行评论 _11. 对对满意满意 _12. 有做某事的自由有做某事的自由 _13.in the following decade_ 在后来的十年里在后来的十年里lead tofocus onkeep. free from.make a comment on sth.be satisfied/content withhave the freedom to do sth.14.according to the statistic_15.be rooted in _16.be fertile in _17.the underlined
42、 phrase _18.organic farming _有机农业有机农业数据表明数据表明根源于根源于盛产盛产画线的短语画线的短语1.I am so tired that I cant_ (pay full attention to) anything today.2.A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt _ (make sb. /sth .free from)him.get rid of focus on3.I_ (prefer to) remain poor than get money by disho
43、nest means.4.You might guess that Dr Yuan，who is now rich and famous，_ (满意满意) his life.is satisfied with would rather5.The exposure of the diary _ (导致导致) many officials being caught.6._ (because of) his strong constitution，Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.Thanks to led to7.No
44、wadays women _ (有有更多的自由更多的自由) to do anything they want to do.8. _(根据根据) an immigration statistic，the number of illegal immigrants in United States is currently over 22，000，000。According to have more freedom9.Every Day is Valentine Day if you _ your heart _ (使远离使远离) hate and every Day is Valentine Da
45、y if you stay away from worries.10.Art _(源于源于) life while reflects it.is rooted inkeepfree from1.No one enjoys_(laugh) at.2.Where is my passport? I remember _(put) it here.You shouldnt have left it here.Remember _(take) it with you all the time.being laughedputtingto take 3.Its no good _(cry) over spilt milk.4.She was praised for_ (save) the life of the child.5.He came to the party without_ (invite).cryingsavingbeing invited