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1、重难点08 完形填空之说明文【命题趋势】中考完形填空抛弃了传统的语法知识型”命题模式转变成，情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是实出语篇，即重在文意的干扰,把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。【满分技巧】 1. 跨过空缺处，先通读全文了解文章大意做题时，应先跨过缺词处。通读全文，理顺文意，找出关键词，我们可以依据首句给的相关提示，通过逻辑思维分析。借助短文中关键词们所提供的信息，跨过空缺处，把全文快速浏览完，建立语言的整体感.，从而帮助我们了解短文人意。2. 先易后难，各个击破通读全文后，可以根据文章大意，展开逻辑思维，分析每一个空缺处在
2、句中的地位和作用.以确定最佳答案 。遇到闲难时，可忽略此空，先做下一题，最后再回过头来分析解答，也许就会峰口路转，思路明晰。3. 梳理全文查看文章的完整性做完所有题目后，还应再次通读全文，看看此时的短文行文是否流畅，意思是否连贯。逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手。检查一下句子的时态以及词语的搭配等是否正确。【热点话题】 说明文热衷于说明建议、人物故事类、广告类等。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A【2019 山西省中考】话题： 说明建议难度：建议用时：6分Grass is, of course a plant which grows in the field; a plant whic
3、h some kinds of animals like to eat. When there has been plenty of _1_, the grass is green. When the weather has been dry, the grass is brown. Animals like to eat grass when it is_2_and fresh. And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals_3_to eat that grass. An animal in a field m
4、ay look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in the field_4_greener. But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance(远处). So thats the_5_of the expression The grass is gr
5、eener on the other side of the fence.We sometimes only say The grass is_6_greener on the other side. We use the expression to describe the situation someone looks at distant things and feels they are better than the things around him. But_7_he could go to the distant place, he would find that life t
6、here is just as difficult. So dont always think that other people have a better situation. Just be_8_with what you have had. Enjoy and value it!1. A. rainB. snowC. sunlight2. A. greenB. brownC. yellow3. A. refuseB. preferC. agree4. A. smellsB. tastesC. looks5. A. formB. meaningC. advice6. A. seldomB
7、. sometimesC. always7. A. whenB. becauseC. unless8. A. angryB. strictC. happy【文章大意】动物们喜欢吃绿色、新鲜的草，当他们在这边吃草的时候，他们总是会觉得那边的草更绿，这就是这山望着那山高这句俗语的意思。但实际上可能并非如此，所以作者建议我们要知足常乐，珍惜和享受现在所拥有的。1. A【解析】句意：当那里有充足的雨水时，草会更绿。考查名词辨析，rain 雨水，snow 雪，sunlight 阳光。根据下句话When the weather has been dry, the grass is brown.气候干燥时，
8、草会是棕黄色的，故与此相对，应该是雨水充足时，故应选A。2. A【解析】句意：动物们喜欢吃绿色新鲜的草。考查形容词辨析，green 绿色的，brown 棕色的，yellow 黄色的。根据下句话And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals_3_to eat that grass.可知，动物们喜欢吃绿色的草。故应选A。3. B【解析】句意：如果一个地方的草更绿，动物会更喜欢吃那里的草。考查动词辨析，refuse 拒绝，prefer更喜欢，agree 同意。根据第2小题的注释和句意可知，如果草更绿，更新鲜，动物们就会更
9、喜欢吃。故应选B。4. C【解析】句意：田野里的动物可以越过篱笆望向另一片田野，那里没有动物，田野里的草也看起来更绿。考查动词辨析，smells 闻起来，tastes 尝起来，looks 看起来。根据句意草的颜色应该是看到的，故应选C。5. B【解析】句意：所以这就是那句俗语的意思。考查名词辨析，form 形式，meaning 意思，advice 建议。根据上文An animal in a field may look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in
10、thefield_4_greener.But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance可知，动物们从篱笆这边望向那边，觉得那边的草更绿，而当他们真的到了那边时，会发现其实一样绿。这几句话解释了这山望着那山高这句话俗语的意思，故应选B。6. C【解析】句意：别的地方的草总是看起来更绿。考查副词辨析，seldom 很少，sometimes 有时， always 总是。根据上文提到的这个俗语T
11、he grass is greener on the other side of the fence.可知，那边的草总是比这边的草更绿。故应选C。7. A【解析】句意：但当他能走到远处的草地时，他会发现，那边的生活也不好过。考查连词辨析，when 当.时，because 因为，unless 除非。根据句意可知，这里应表示当时候，他会发现，故用when引导时间状语从句，选A。8. C【解析】句意：知足常乐。考查形容词辨析，angry 生气的，strict 严厉的，happy 开心的。根据上下文So dont always think that other people have a better
12、 situation. Enjoy and value it!可知，作者告诉我们不要老想着别人的情况更好，要享受并且珍惜现在拥有的，知足常乐。故应选C。【点睛】这是一篇说明文，作者先讲述具体的事例，然后呈现出问题这山望着那山高，最后提出了建议。文章通过具体事例引出问题，使学生们在阅读时比较容易理解和把握文章主题。题型是完形填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后根据上下文语境提示做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔细辨析选项中单词的意思和用法；最后将答案代入原文，再读一遍，检查答案是否正确。例如第2小题，考查形容词辨析，green 绿色
13、的，brown 棕色的，yellow 黄色的。根据下句话And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals_3_to eat that grass.可知，动物们喜欢吃绿色的草。故应选A。再如第5小题，考查名词辨析，form 形式，meaning 意思，advice 建议。根据上文An animal in a field may look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in thef
14、ield_4_greener.But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance可知，动物们从篱笆这边望向那边，觉得那边的草更绿，而当他们真的到了那边时，会发现其实一样绿。这几句话解释了这山望着那山高这句话俗语的意思，故应选B。B【2019 湖南省郴州市】话题：节日类难度：建议用时：6分 Thanksgiving Day was coming. A teacher gave her cla
15、ss an interesting task to draw a picture of something to express their _1_.The teacher thought most of her _2_ would draw turkey or some other traditional food of the festival. And so they did. But Douglas made a _3_ kind of picture.Douglas was a child of unhappiness. _4_ other children played toget
16、her, Douglas always stood close by his teachers side.His picture was special. When he was asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand! _5_ else. Just an empty hand. His work caught the attention of his classmates. Whose hand could it be? Scone guessed it was the ha
17、nd of a farmer, because farmers raised turkeys, others guessed it was the hand of God, because God helped everyone. The discussions _6_, and they even forgot to ask the artist himself.When the discussion stopped, the teacher asked Douglas whose hand it was. The little boy said in a low voice, Its _7
18、_, teacher.She got surprised at his words. Then she _8_ that she often took his hand. Sometimes she said, Douglas, take my hand, well go outside. Sometimes she said, Let me show you how to hold your pencil. And she _9_ said, Lets do this together.Her eyes were full of tears. She had done these to al
19、l her students. She didnt know these were so _10_ to him. She hugged Douglas and decided to give him more love.1. A. requestsB. thanksC. opinions2. A. friendsB. neighborsC. students3. A. differentB. brightC. modern4. A. AfterB. WhenC. Until5. A. NothingB. AnythingC. Everything6. A. went awayB. went
20、onC. went up7. A. hersB. mineC. yours8. A. rememberedB. forgotC. agreed9. A. neverB. hardlyC. usually10. A. importantB. politeC. difficult【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了感恩节到了，老师给同学们布置了作业让他们画出他们想感恩，但是道格拉斯画了一种不同的画，他画了一只手老师的手。1. B【解析】句意：一位老师给了她的班级一项有趣的任务画一张图片来表达他们的感谢。A. requests要求；B. thanks感谢；C. opinions观点。根据上文Thanksg
21、iving Day was coming.可知下文是说表达感谢。根据题意，故选B。2. C句意：老师认为大部分学生都会画火鸡或其他传统的节日食物。A. friends朋友们；B. neighbors邻居们；C. students学生们。根据下文And so they did. But Douglas made a . kind of picture可知上文是说老实人为她大部分的学生们。根据题意，.故选C。3. A句意：但是Douglas 制作了不同种类的图画。A. different不同的；B. bright明亮的；C. modern现代的。根据下文His picture was specia
22、l. When he was asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand! . else. Just an empty hand. 可知，制作来不同种类的画，根据题意，故选A。4. B句意：当其他孩子一起玩的时候，Douglas总是站在老师身边。A. After在之后；B. When何时；C. Until直到。这里是when引导的时间状语从句。根据题意，故选B。5. A句意：他画了一只手！没有别的了。只是一只空手。A. Nothing没什么；B. Anything任何东西；C. E
23、verything一切东西。根据下文Just an empty hand.可知上文是没有其他什么东西。根据题意，故选A。6. B句意：因为上帝帮助了所有人。讨论还在继续，他们甚至忘了问问艺术家自己。A. went away离开；B. went on继续；C. went up上升。根据下文and they even forgot to ask the artist himself.可知上文是说讨论继续。根据题意，故选B。7. B句意：那个小男孩低声说：它是你的手，老师。A. hers他的；B. mine我的；C. yours你的。根据下文She got surprised at his word
24、s. Then she . that she often took his hand. Sometimes she said, Douglas, take my hand, well go outside.可知这里是对老师说是你的手，用名词性物主代词yours。根据题意，故选B。8. A句意：然后她记得她经常拉他的手。A. remembered记住；B. forgot忘记；C. agreed同意。根据下文Sometimes she said, Douglas, take my hand, well go outside. Sometimes she said, Let me show you
25、how to hold your pencil. And she . said, Lets do this together.可知上文是说她记得。根据题意，故选A。9. C句意：她通常说，我们一起做吧。A. never绝不；B. hardly几乎不；C. usually通常；根据下文Lets do this together.可知上文是通常说。根据题意，故选C。10. A句意：她不知道这些对他这么重要。A. important重要的；B. polite礼貌的；C. difficult困难的；根据下文She hugged Douglas and decided to give him more
26、love.可知上文是说对他如此重要。根据题意，故选A。C【2019 江苏省南京市】话题：生活哲理类难度：建议用时：6分Do you know that the Happy Birthday to You song is the first song sung in outer space？Apollo IX astronauts 1 it on March 8, 1969. It is one of the most popular English songs of all time. Heres the story behind it. The song was written by two
27、 sisters from Kentucky, Mildred and Patty Smith Hill. It was first published under the 2 of Good Morning to All in 1893. It was used as a classroom 3 . Teachers sang it each day to welcome their students to the classroom. The composer, Mildred Hill, was a concert pianist. Her sister Patty Smith Hill
28、 wrote the original（最初的） lyrics（歌词） for the song while she was a teacher in a kindergarten in Louisville, Kentucky, where Mildred also 4 . The Hill sisters copyrighted（取得版权） their song on October 16, 1893. However, it appeared 5 their agreement in Robert H. Colemans songbook on March 4, 1924. Colema
29、n changed prat of the lyrics to say, Happy Birthday to You, 6 the song still had its original title. The song was then published several times over the next ten years, often with small 7 in the lyrics. In 1934, when the song was sung every night in a Broadway Musical, another Hill sister, Jessica, w
30、ent to court（法院） over the copyright problem of the song. She was 8 about the theft of the song and the failure to pay to her sisters. She 9 her case. The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be 10 every time the song was part of a commercial（商业的） production. The Hill sisters, who de
31、voted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $2 million every year. 1. A. savedB. wroteC. inventedD. sang2. A. noticeB. orderC. titleD. law3. A. partyB. greetingC. discussionD. test4. A. taughtB. searchedC. forD. prepared5. A.
32、asB. underC. forD. without6. A. althoughB. untilC. becauseD. after7. A. chancesB. tasksC. changesD. signs8. A. satisfiedB. gladC. curiousD. angry9. A. lostB. wonC. heardD. dropped10. A. paidB. praisedC. invitedD. warned【文章大意】本文说的是祝你生日快乐这个首歌。文章介绍了这首歌曲的作者、创作背景，以及围绕这首歌的版权问题产生的一系列问题及其结果。1. D【解析】考查动词。sav
33、ed拯救；wrote写；invented发明；sang唱歌. 根据上文Do you know that the Happy Birthday to You song is the first song sung in outer space可知，你知道生日快乐歌这首歌是第一首在外太空被唱的歌曲吗？阿波罗九号宇航员在1969年3月8日演唱了这首歌。故选D。2. C【解析】考查名词。notice通知；order命令，菜单；title名称，标题；law法律。根据语境可知，这首歌于1893年首次以大家早上好为标题发行。故选C。 3. B【解析】考查名词。party 聚会（党）； greeting 问候
34、；discussion讨论；test测验. 根据下文Teachers sang it each day to welcome their students to the classroom可知，它被用于课堂问候语。老师每天唱着它，恭候同学们来到教室。故选B。4. A【解析】考查动词。taught 教；searched 搜索；for （介词）为了；prepared准备. 根据语境可知，最初的歌词是由她妹妹帕蒂斯密斯希尔写的，她妹妹在肯塔基州路易斯威尔市的一所幼儿园当老师，米尔德里德也在那里教学。故选A。5. D【解析】考查介词。as 作为；under在下面；for 为了；without没有。根据
35、上文The Hill sisters copyrighted（取得版权） their song on October 16，1893可知，希尔姐妹在1893年10月16日取得她们歌曲的版权。但是似乎在罗伯特科尔曼于1924年3月4日在未经她们允许的情况下在自己的歌曲集中更改了部分歌词，例如祝你生日快乐。故选D。6. A【解析】考查连词。although 尽管；until 直到；because 因为；after在之后。根据语境可知，尽管这首歌还是原来的标题，但是似乎罗伯特科尔曼于1924年3月4日在未经她们允许的情况下在自己的歌曲集中更改了部分歌词，例如祝你生日快乐。故选A。7. C【解析】考查
36、名词。chances机会；tasks任务；changes 改变；signs标识。根据语境可知，这首歌在后来的十年中出版了多次，每次歌词都做了稍稍改动。故选C。8. D【解析】考查形容词。satisfied 满意；glad 高兴；curious好奇的；angry生气的。根据上文another Hill sister，Jessica，went to court over the copyright problem of the song可知，希尔的另一个妹妹杰西卡，就这首歌的版权问题诉诸法院。她对盗用这首歌，并且未向她姐妹们支付金钱感到愤怒。故选D。 9. B【解析】考查动词。lost失去；won
37、赢得；heard 听说；dropped跌落。根据下文The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be . every time the song was part of a commercial（商业的） production可知，她赢得官司。希尔一家取得了这首歌曲的版权，并且每次在这首歌用于商业目的时她们要获取报酬。故选B。 10. A【解析】考查动词（过去分词）。paid 支付； praised 赞扬； invited邀请；warned警告。根据语境可知，希尔一家取得了这首歌曲的版权，并且每次在这首歌用于商业目的时她们
38、要获取报酬。所以选A。D【2019 江西省中考】话题：生活哲理类难度：建议用时：6分Body image the way people feel about their looks is a big problem for many young people today. According to a 1 , more than half the teenage girls in the USA. think 2 should be on a diet(节食) and almost one in five teenage boys are 3 about their bodies and th
39、eir weight. But whats the cause? In the study, many blame(责备) the media(媒体). Tom on the TV and youll 4 see beautiful models, handsome actors and fit sports stars. 5 a magazine or a newspaper, look through the Internet, and its usually 6 . Many young people feel pressure to 7 these perfect people. Bu
40、t for most, this is just not possible. In the USA. the average(平均的) woman is 163 cm tall and weighs 64 kilos, 8 the average model is 180 cm tall and weighs 53 kilos. When people dont look the way many 9 people look, they may become less confident. Some stop eating 10 in order to lose weight. Student
41、s can lose so many confidence that they start to 11 taking part in classroom activities at school. Body image problems dont 12 as we get older, either. In the UK, for example, women over 50 spend more money on cosmetics(化妆品) than any other 13 group. Older men spend a lot of money trying to 22 hair l
42、oss(损失). Is there a solution to the problem? A 2016 study in the UK suggested that body image lessons should be provided in 14 . Others believe its a problem that all of society needs to deal with. As Meaghan Ramsey says, We need to judge people by what they do, not what they look like.1. A. newspap
43、erB. magazineC. studyD. book2. A. weB. theyC. youD. she3. A. confidentB. sureC. worriedD. happy4. A. probablyB. hardlyC. neverD. finally5. A. GetB. OpenC. TakeD. Find6. A. the sameB. differentC. specialD. interesting7. A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look like8. A. becauseB. althoughC. butD. or
44、9. A. kindB. strongC. youngD. famous10. A. earlyB. properlyC. slowlyD. carefully11 A. enjoyB. stopC. finishD. forget12. A. comeB. continueC. disappearD. happen13. A. ageB. jobC. hobbyD. man14. A. makeB. avoidC. refuseD. protect15. A. supermarketsB. streetsC. parksD. schools【文章大意】文章介绍了自我形体影像对今天的许多青少年
45、是一个大问题，这是什么造成的呢？很多人认为是媒体的原因，电视上、报纸上和杂志上的都是漂亮的模特、英俊的演员、健康的体育明星，许多年轻人看到这些完美的人就感到有压力，失去自信，自我形体影像问题不随着年龄的增长而消失，它是一个社会问题，Meaghan Ramsey说我们要通过他们做什么来判断一个人，而不是他们的外貌。1. C【解析】句意：根据一项调查。考查名词辨析和语境。根据newspaper报纸，magazine杂志，study调查，book书；根据more than half the teenage girls in the USA. think _2_ should be on a diet
46、(节食) and almost one in five teenage boys are _3_ about their bodies and their weight.可知是调查；故选C。2. B【解析】句意：美国一半以上的年轻女孩认为她们应该节食。考查人称代词和语境。根据we我们， they她们， you你， she她；根据more than half the teenage girls可知是她们；故选B。3. C【解析】句意：几乎五分之一的男孩担心他们的身体和体重。考查形容词短语。根据confident自信的，sure确信的， worried担心的， happy高兴的；根据According to a_1_, more than half the teenage girls in the USA. think _2_ should be on a diet(节食) and almost one in five teenage boys可知是be worry about担心；故选C。4. A【解析】句意：你也许看见美丽的模特。考查副词辨析和语境。根据probably也许，hardly几乎不， never从不，finally最后；根据see beautiful models, handsome actors and fit sports