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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力New words and expression 生词和短语democratic adj.民主的democratic country民主的国家Democratic party 民主党demkrtk Republican party 共和党 democracy dmkrs n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治Despotism desptzm 专制，独裁 dictatorship n. 专政；独裁权；独裁者职位词根： dictatoradj. dkttril dictator
2、ial 独裁的，专政的；专横傲慢的 adv. dictatorially 自大地；独裁地n. dictator 独裁者；命令者看看地道英文解释，体验区别 Despotism is a form of government by a single authority, either an individual (Despot), or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power. dictatorship: a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute
3、dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) 也就是说前者可以是指人，也可以指整个统治团体。 后者指个人统治下的政府restrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit.（to limit or control）-The prisoners activity is restricted within narrow limits.辨析limit 表示时间,空间,数量等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,如果超出这个点很可能受到罚。restrict只说明限制范围-Land de
4、velopment must be limited.我们必须限制土地的开发。-He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自己抽两只烟。restrict sb to/ restrict sthrestrain v. 抑制,克制,限制(可指彻底阻止也可指将纳入控制/约束之中，强迫意味，可表示自我抑制)restrain sobs restrain tears restrain ones angereg. She was so excited that she could hardly restrain herself.restrain
5、oneself from smokingrestrain oneself from drinkingconfine v.控制在范围内（空间上受限）confine sb.to -I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.-The boy is confined to the dark room.-The boy is restricted to the dark room.cramp krmp vt.限制（某人的活动或限制动植物的生长）-Nobody can cramp children.-You can not cramp my activity.cra
6、mped adj.窄小的 adj. limited in space 狭小的cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writingcramp krmp n.抽筋，痉挛 clamp n夹具的总称 v 夹住 vice plier（vt. 束缚，限制；使抽筋；以铁箍扣紧 n钳子; 夹子 (Also called cramp iron) also N in pl）have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了 /be seized with cramp被什么束缚，限制roomy adj.空间大的，宽敞的a roomy house a roo
7、my carspacious spes adj.宽敞的 （is large in size or area）a spacious roomcapacious kpes adj. able to contain a lot 容量大的 （has a lot of space to put things in. 容量大的 正式 usu ADJ n常做定语）a capacious bag commodious kmds adj.宽敞的（文）a commodious houseexpansive kspnsv adj.（土地）辽阔，广阔的 扩张的，健谈的，豪爽的an expansive village
8、面积很大的一个村子hamper hmp(r) v.限制，妨碍,困累 （侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的某方面行动困难）-What hampered you to do so?-The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is hampered by povert被贫困所困扰。-My limited vocabulary hampers my reading.impede mpi:d v.限制，阻碍（相当于hamper）impede doing sth-Nothing will impede my studying English.bou
9、nd v.限定，以为界限abuse v.滥用 (to deliberately use something for wrong purpose) 权利，药物，酒精，暴力等等-Dont abuse your authority.不要乱用职权。-We shouldnt abuse oue rights.不要乱用自己的权力。-For VIP,they shouldnt abuse their privilege.abuse power 滥用职权abuse trust 辜负了别人的信任（欺骗）abuse children 虐待儿童eg. He abused his body with heroin a
10、nd cocaine.contention kntenn 论点 n. 争论，争吵，观点，论点，不同意见(formal)(contending; quarrelling or disputing; argument used in contending)eg. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals.a bone of contention 容易引起争论的话题eg. Jerusalem is forever a bone of conte
11、ntion.contend v.竞争，争论contend with sb/against sb for stheg. Five runners contended against each other in the final. 决赛中，五名赛跑选手一决胜负。contend against prejudice与偏见作斗争contend against temptation与诱惑作斗争discord dsk:d n.不和(文学性) n.不和；不调和；嘈杂声vi.不一致；刺耳sow discords between 挑拨离间untold a.=too many to be counted 数不尽的
12、-There are untold stars in the sky. -I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties.untold suffering 极大的烦恼 /countless suffering /innumerable sufferinguntold misery极大的痛苦 untold damage极大的损失numerous a.无数的countless a.无数的-As hunma being ,we cant keep ourselves free from countless anxieties.countable:can be coun
13、teduncountable numberless无数的，没有房号的-This is a numberless room.numberable 数得清的innumberable 不能数得清的（偏向于指能力）South Dakota dkut n. 达科他（美国过去一地区名， 现分为南、北达科他州）adj. 达科他人的Its in the north and middle of America which is divided into North and South Dakota.perpetual a.永久的，永远的，永恒的(不休止的，一直持续下去的,用于不易受阻的) 没完没了的（贬义）-T
14、hey are as poor as church mouse, they are have to struggle against perpetual poverty.perpetual noise没完没了的噪音 perpetual nagging没完没了的嘟囔 perpetual conflicts战火不断反义词 temporary 临时的 temporary jobs临时工作 Endless a.-You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds. -Studing English is our perpetual(endless) task.eter
15、nal a.永恒的，永久的，不朽的（=immortal）-His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for him.permanent a.非临时的，永久的-In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.perpetual 语气最强，指保持永久不变，没有中断的行为，永无止境地持续下去。有时用于贬义，指令人厌烦之事。permanent 指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。endless 系日常用词，指无尽无休。everla
16、sting 语气较庄重，有时可与eternal换用，侧重持续不尽，或指开始后一直进行下去。eternal 语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。 永恒的-Lasting for a long timeconstant a.连续的，不断的(perpetual最好的释义)constantly adv.连续不断地continuous a.连续不断的-They have continuous discussion.-They made great success in their continuous attempt.continual a.频繁的continually adj.-It rains c
17、ontinually .-It is raining continuously/constantly.quintuplet :kwntjplt 五胞胎之一 one of five babies at a birth 复数是全部，单数是其中之一quadrupletskwdrplt四胞胎 sextupletssekstjplt六胞胎 triplets trplt 三胞胎pentagon五角大楼/五边形（penta-5）pentathlon五项全能decathlon十项全能英语中表示数量的前缀一、表示“半”、“准”的前缀1. demi- : 半, 部分 例如: demigod 半人半神 demilu
18、ne 半月, 新月2. hemi- : 半 例如: hemisphere 半球 hemicycle 半圆形 hemiparasite 半寄生物 3. semi- : 半 例如: semimonthly半月刊 semiofficial 半官方的 semiconductor 半导体 semicircle 半圆二、表示“一”的前缀1. mono- : ( 在元音前作mon- ) 单一, 独例如: monocycle 独轮脚踏车 monodrama 单人剧 monoxide 一氧化物2. uni- : 一 例如: unicorn 独角兽 unique三、表示“二”、“两”、“双”的前缀1. bi- :
19、 两, 二, 双 例如: biweekly 双周刊bicolour 两色的 bimonthly双月刊2. di- : 二, 双 dioxide 二氧化物四、表示“三”的前缀tri- : 三 例如: triangle 三角形tricar 三轮汽车 tricolour 三色的 triweekly 三周刊五、表示“四”的前缀quadri- /quadru- : 四( 在元音前作quadr- )例如: quadrangle 四角形 quadricycle 四轮车六、表示“五”的前缀1. penta- : 五( 在元音前作pent- ) 例如: pentagon 五角形pentathlete 五项全能运
20、动员2. quinque- : 五( 在元音前作quinqu- ) 例如: quinquennial 分五年的quinquepartite 分五部分的七、表示“六”的前缀1. sex- /sexi- : 六 例如: sexangule 六角形sexennial 每六年的八、表示“七”的前缀1. hepta- : 七( 在元音前作hept- ) 例如: heptagon 七角形2. sept- /septi- /septem- : 七 例如: septangle 七角形septennial 每七年的九、表示“八”的前缀octa- /octo- /oct- : 例如: octagon 八角形Oct
21、ober ( 古罗马八月) 十月十、表示“九”的前缀1. ennea- : 九 enneahedron 九面体2. nona- : 九 nonary九个一组的东西nonagon 九角形十一、表示“十”的前缀1. deca- : 十 例如: decagon 十角形 decameter 十米decade 十年2. deci- : 十分之一 例如: decigram 十分之一克, 分克 decimeter 分米decilitre 十分之一升, 分升十二、表示“百”的前缀1. cent- : 百 例如: percent 白分比centennial 一百年的 century 百年centuple 一百倍
22、的2. hecto- : 百 例如: hectogram 一百克hectowatt 一百瓦 hectometer 一百米hectoampere 一百安培十三、表示“千”的前缀1. kilo- : 千 例如: kilogram 千克, 公斤kilowatt 千瓦 kilometer 千米, 公里kilocalorie千卡2. milli- /mill- /mille- : 千, 千分之一, 毫 例如: millennium 一千年millipedemlpid马陆，千足虫milligram 千分之一克, 毫克 millisecond 千分之一秒, 毫秒十四、表示“百万”“兆的前缀mega- : 百
23、万 例如: megawatt 兆瓦 megadeath 百万人之死亡 megaton 百万吨obscurity n.默默无闻In obscurityobscure adj.不起眼的-The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.obscurebskj adj.不起眼的 （无名的不起眼的，默默无闻的）1) not at all well known and not very important不起眼的，不出名的an obscure village an obscure poet an obscure teacher2) difficult to understand
24、 晦涩的，难懂的，朦胧的，昏暗的 （because it involves so many parts or details）obscure legal phrases 难懂的法律词条obscurity bskjrt n. 默默无闻（鲜为人知的状态） 2、难懂性; 难懂之物live in obscurity 默默无闻的生活 注意介词in表示人处于某种状态remain in obscurity 始终保持默默无闻eg. Daniel Mendoza retired from boxing boring ring and died in obscurity.dim, unclear, vague,
25、obscure, ambiguous这组词都有“模糊”的意思，其区别是：dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。（暗淡，可能性低）Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。（不清晰，不明朗）Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。It is unclear whether the economy wil
26、l get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。vague veg a.含混的，含糊的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，说明不清，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。eg. what he said is vague.obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。ambiguous mbgjs a. 模棱两可的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us; we
27、 did not know which of the two roads to take. radically adv.彻底地，完全地=Completely,entirely,thoroughly,fully,inclusive radical adj.彻底的，完全的；激进的 n. 基础；激进分子；物化 原子团；数 根数a radical reform 一场根本性的改革a radical leftist 极端的左翼分子a radical party激进党radical sign根号exclusive a.独占的，独家的；排外的，排他的(not shared with others)-The s
28、wimming pool is for my exclusive use.exclusive right 独权-The school is exclusive ,only very clever children can go to it.-The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it.exclusive adj. 专用的，独占的，独家的，昂贵的exclusive report独家报道/exclusive coverage exclusive interview独家采访exclusive rights特权/exclu
29、sive privileges an exclusive girlsschool 女子学校exclusive shops 高档商店eg. Air Force One is exclusive to the President of the U.S.A.exclusive plane专机exclude v.排除，排他 exclude the possibilityinclude v.包括conclude v.得出结论seclude v.隔绝nursery n. （旧）育英室，保育室nursery school幼儿园 nursery teacher幼师 garden center托儿所 nurse
30、ry rhyme童谣commercialization 商品化-(z)ation 化industrialization 工业化 denationalization私有化 desertification沙漠化commerce n.商业commercial商业广告 commercial break 广告时间 commercial bank商业银行commodity n.商品-commodity econnomy商品经济commodity market商品市场goods,waresWares wz n.货物, 商品一小时故事 In the street below a peddler was cry
31、ing his wares.Ware n.器皿, 陶器, 物品（总称, 常用于复合词）用某材料(或以某方式、在某地)制造的物品; 作用的器皿; 室的物品; - silverware 银器 / ironware 铁器 / chinaware 陶器 / glassware 玻璃器皿- software 软件 / hardware 五金器具, (电脑的)硬件- a popular ware 热门货 / small wares 小百货goods n.商品, 货物- half-done goods 半成品 / home made goods = native goods 国货- leather good
32、s 皮件 / frozen goods 冻结货物 / consumer goods 日用消费品merchandise Merchandise is products that are bought, sold, or traded. 商品 正式commodity kmdt n.商品, 物品（总称, 正式的经济学术语）- commodity price 商品价格, commodity economy 商品经济- commodity market 商品市场, agricultural commodity 农产品commodity 作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。merchandise 正
33、式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。ware 指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。goods 一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。Text 课文（全文背诵）In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. effort企图（语气强烈）try;attempt尝试make every effort; spare no effort; make every endeavor; go to great lengthscondemn kndem v.
34、强烈谴责（非常正式的用语，eg:国家之间）condemn the brutal and savage crimecondemn sth ascondemn the war as a crime 指责战争为犯罪denounce v.强烈谴责（公开）denounce sb/sth aseg. The statesman denounced abusing power as a crime.reprimand reprmnd v.（正式地）严厉地斥责 （vt&n训斥; 谴责 正式） :scold officially and severelyblame 责备, 还表示批评（语气程序很弱）blame
35、sb. for sth. The teacher blamed him for his coming late.scold 斥责（语气稍重一点） Dont scold me for such a trifle. 不要因为这样的小事责备我。reproach rprt斥责, 责备，指责从个人感受出发责难别人，责难的内容不一定正确，可能是吹毛求疵的话 He often reproached his children.reprimand v./n. 严厉斥责；谴责 (语气最强) The boss reprimanded his employees severely.accuse 指责，控告 用法beo
36、fcriticize vt. 批评；吹毛求疵；非难 vi. 批评；吹毛求疵；非难criticism 批评，评论表示辨明某一个人的优缺点deed 行为，行径-Your deeds should be rightly condemned.However, this freedom can easily be abused.forest authorites森林当局education authorites教育当局the authorites有关当局the authorites of the press新闻界当局Stories about people often attract far more p
37、ublic attention than political events./arrest far more public attention /draw far more public attention /grab far more public attentionfar相当于much加强语气According to this sentence,we know we are much more interested in private stories.Sometimes some people even want to smell out peoples secrets or parti
38、cular scandals.Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.lives of others替代story about peopleread about/of (to find out information from books and newspapers)read about: 通过阅读书和报纸了解详情read of：通过阅读书和报纸了解一般的情况和信息
39、eg. I have read about that terrible car crash. eg. I read of his death in the local newspaper.it is extremely doubtful whetherit形式主语 whetherit is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy of othersbe doubtful whether 很难说，怀疑eg. Im still doubtful whether I should accept his suggestion.eg. It w
40、as doubtful whether the patient would survive the operation.extremely doubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubious-If a family skeleton is reviewed,ones reputation will be damaged/destroyed/spoiled/ruined immediately.equally=in the same way=alike-We wouldnt like our secret to be reviewed.Acting on
41、 the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.(要点句型)acting on 现在分词短语，作条件状语 act on 以。来行事，遵循。来行事act on the contention 按这一观点行事act on the advice按这一建议行事 /act on the recommendationeg. Acting on my fathers advice,
42、I followed his footstep to become a teacher.act on a sudden impulse 凭借一时冲动that引导的部分是contention的同位语从句When stories published in detalls by the press are wonderful,you will become famous very soon.If the story is terrible,your reputation will be ruined immediately.Newspapers exert such tremendous influ
43、ence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.Exert v.施加 z:t 本处表达的意思是-bring about 带来，导致-lead to-cause-result in-give rise toExert sth on sb- His wife exerted a lot pressure on him to change his job. - He likes to exert his a
44、uthority on us. Exert oneself to do sth. 努力做某事, 尽力做某事, 出力- He never exert himself to study hard.exert every effect 尽一切努力 exertion z:n n.尽力, 努力, 发挥 n.行使, 运用，施加 the exertion of force/strength/authority 另外，我们在之前的课文中学过，perform, exert, exercise, practice 表示运用，应用，提供，执行等意Antique shops appeal to a great man
45、y people. 古玩店很吸引人。major:great,considerablecapsize kpsaz V-T/V-I.(船)翻-The ship capsized because of the rough wave.upset v. 打翻（不小心） （upset, upset）eg. He upset a bottle of ink over the map.overturn v.翻overthrow v.打翻，推翻overthrow the government overthrow a decisionIn the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.acquire=gain=obtain-acquire gortune发财 -make fortuneOvernight 很普通的一个单词，能否把意思说全？n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上- an ove