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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒适New words and expression 生词和短语s 生词短语positively adv. 绝对地，完全地（used to emphasize that sth is true. 绝对地，完全地，简直是）in positive way. can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.positively nonsense 纯属无稽之谈think positively
2、 对十分有把握(to think that you are going to be successful)eg. He thinks positively about the partment n. 分隔间或单间（轮船的）密封舱 kmp:tmnt1、（铁路客车车厢分隔成的）隔间 2、（家具或设备等的）分隔间，隔层(多层的收纳箱)compart vt.分隔cramped adj.窄小的 adj. limited in space 狭小的cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writingcramp krmp n.抽筋，痉挛 clamp
3、 n夹具的总称 v 夹住 vice plier（vt. 束缚，限制；使抽筋；以铁箍扣紧 n钳子; 夹子 (Also called cramp iron) also N in pl）have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了 /be seized with cramp被什么束缚，限制roomy adj.空间大的，宽敞的a roomy house a roomy carspacious spes adj.宽敞的 （is large in size or area）a spacious roomcapacious kpes adj. able to contain a lot 容量大的 （ha
4、s a lot of space to put things in. 容量大的 正式 usu ADJ n常做定语）a capacious bag commodious kmds adj.宽敞的（文）a commodious houseexpansive kspnsv adj.（土地）辽阔，广阔的 扩张的，健谈的，豪爽的an expansive village 面积很大的一个村子stuffy stf adj. 憋气的，闷气的 （闷，不透气的，闷热的） 同义词: airlesseg. The room is getting stuffy.stifling stafl adj.闷热的，令人窒息的(h
5、ot and difficult to breathe in热的难受的，令人感到压抑的)a stifling crowed carriage 拥挤和闷热的火车车厢the stifling atmosphere of the court 法庭上令人拘谨的气氛suffocating sfket adj.令人窒息的 suffocate vt&vi 使窒息 n 窒息choke tk vt. 呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭 vi. 窒息；阻塞；说不出话来n. 窒息；噎； bad ventilation ,ventle()n 不好的通风monotonous mnt()ns adj. 枯燥的，乏味的 （adj
6、.乏味，单调的，千篇一律boring because there is no variety）lead a monotonous lifemono-one, single 单一 mnmonoplane n.单翼飞机 monopolist n.专利者，垄断者 monopoly n.专卖，专利权have/hold a monopoly on stheg. The government holds a monopoly on the postal services. I dont like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.I hate the m
7、onotonous rhythm of travelling by train.同义词：tedious 乏味的，重点突出long and uninteresting.（boring and frustrating.）dull = interesting I cant get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.Look at that dull person.tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten ye
8、ars.Long lasting meeting are tiring.You are a little bit tiresome.I am tired of doing so. - be tired ofI am bored with doing so. - be bored with rhythm r()m n. 有节奏的运动 （n. 节奏；韵律；(身体、季节等的) 规律性变化）the rhythm of heartbeat心律 the rhythm of dancing 舞蹈的节奏 the rhythm of swimming游泳的节奏rhythmic rmk adj.有节奏的，有韵律的
9、rhythmic gymnastics 韵律操rhyme n. （诗歌中的）韵律；韵脚；n 押韵短诗；用韵; 押韵；押韵词（技巧或者用词等具体的东西）vt. 使押韵；用韵诗表达；把写作诗vi. 押韵；作押韵诗If one word rhymes with another or if two words rhymenursery rhymes 童谣 click klk v. 发出咔哒声 vt. 点击；使发咔哒声 vi. 作咔哒声 n. 单击；滴答声, 咔哒声lull ll v. 催人欲睡The mother lulled her baby to sleep. - lull sb to sleep
10、.eg. The monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.lullaby llba n.摇篮曲 催眠曲hypnotize hpntaz v.催眠, 给施催眠术hypnosis hpnss 催眠；催眠状态hypnotic hpntk 安眠药；催眠状态的人 adj. 催眠的，催眠术的；易于催眠的snatch n. 短时，片段1) to grab 明抢 eg. The thief snatched me and ran off.2) 抓紧时间，乘机 eg. I managed to s
11、natch an hours sleep on the train.3) snatch n. 短时，片段（不限于指时间） in snatches 断断续续地 in torrents急流般地 1、介词in 2、复数形式sleep in snatches断断续续的睡了一会儿a snatch of conversation 一段谈话 a snatch of music一段音乐 a snatch of song一段歌曲snatches of rain 断断续续的雨in fits and starts断断续续 /by fits and starts fit 合适；放置、安装；使胜任，适合；放的下； cr
12、y in fits and starts （癫痫等的）突发；一阵；（强烈感情）发作fits of laughter阵阵笑声 a fit of coughing一阵咳嗽off and on/on and off断断续续eg. The match works off and onhave 4 years of schooling on and off 断断续续的受了四年教育spell spel n.连续不断的时间，一阵子v&n拼写; 拼读 n. 咒语；施的魔法；一段时间；魅力，魔力；休息期； a cold spell一连几天的冷空气 a foggy spell一连数天的大雾 in waves一阵一
13、阵地have pain in waves一阵一阵地疼eg. The pain comes in waves.sleeper n. 卧铺 （睡觉者）seat 坐票 sleeper or seatsoft sleeper, hard sleeper, soft seat, hard seat fumble fmb()l v.乱摸，摸索 把手伸进书包找钥匙，也不去看，就摸来摸去（用双手笨手笨脚地）乱摸to move with hands awkwardlyFumble for 摸索着寻找什么东西fumble for keys fumble for tickets in the pocketfumbl
14、e with笨手笨脚地做fumble with chopsticks fumble with fork and knifefumble ones way in the darkness 在黑暗中摸索前行He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。inspection n.检查 eg:卫生检查carry out an inspection 用介词of表示对象carry out an inspection of school carry out an inspection of prisoninspect vt. 检查；视察；检阅 vi. 进行
15、检查；进行视察检查时 you look at every part of it carefully in order to find out about it or check that it is all right视察、检阅时：When an official inspects a place or a group of people, they visit it and check it carefullyexamine 最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等。scan 原义是仔细地检查分析，现用于指细看或浏览。inspect 侧重按一定质量标准检
16、查某物，找出不足或不同之处。investigate 指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。inspect passengers tickets inspect the troopsscrutinize skru:tnaz v.详细地查看（仔细察看）eg. The antique dealer scrutinized the painting closely.survey v.调察survey n. 名词读作sve。动词读作sveyou try to find out detailed information about a lot of different people or
17、 things, usually by asking people a series of questions. 调查do a survey 高一调查/carry out a survey /conduct a surveya survey of modern English literaturepoll pl n. 投票；民意测验；投票数；投票所vt. 投票；剪短；对进行民意测验；获得选票vi. 投票inquiry 普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。survey 多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。investigation 一般指有系统的调查以得到希望发现或需要知道的事。r
18、esearch 指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行长时间的调查研究。inevitably adv. 必然地Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and eminent you are.Inevitable adj. 必然的，不可避免的inevitability n,evtblt n 必然性invariable adj.总是，常常eg. His invariable answer is wait and see.destination n.目的地exhaust v.使
19、精疲力尽 （注意其宾语，既可以是人的，可以是事物的）I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了 exhaust oneself弄得精疲力竭exhaust ones energies费尽气力 exhaust ones strength费尽力气 exhaust funds耗尽资金 exhaust patience失去耐心同义词be tired out: very tried after a lot of hard work, traveling etc.I am tired out.wear out 使疲劳，使磨损 be worn out: by working very hard and th
20、en be tired out Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了After a days work hard, I am worn out. eg. I felt worn out after a sleepless night.knock sb out 把某人打昏，使疲劳Thats a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。fatigue ftig 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面） (金属、木材的) 疲
21、劳（概念上）The piece of work fatigues me. work to the bone 累得筋疲力尽eg. The workaholic worked to the bone.spent adj. extremely tired 极度疲劳的a spent runner a spent horsekeep fresh 精神饱满full of beans 精力充沛的motorway n.快车道 （高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway）highway 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。route 指从此处通往彼处的路线
22、、路程等。avenue 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。trail 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。street 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。path 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。motorway 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。way 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。road 指连接两地间供行
23、人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。pavement 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewlk表示人行道。lane len 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，车道（划线，行车，超车）；航线；也指小巷、胡同ferry n. 渡船liner 班船，游轮；内衬Vessel vesl n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中, 可以代替ship、boat）2、（人或动物的）血管，脉管；（植物的）导管 Ship n.大船；舰艇 Boat n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的场合可以替换） Lifeboat raft dinghy canoe warshi
24、p submarine aircraft carrier destroyer驱逐舰 Battleship战列舰 cruiser巡洋舰 kru:z r frigate frt (小型)护卫舰cruise kru:z乘船游览;以平稳的速度行驶; 巡行 满载排水量72,808吨 大舰巨炮时代cruise kru:z n.巡游船cruise乘船游览;以平稳的速度行驶; 巡行civilize v.使文明（使开化；西方的殖民思想）adj. civil 公民的；民用的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的civilized 文明的；有礼貌的n. civilization 文明；文化civilisation （英）文
25、明（等于civilization）vi. civilise 变成文明社会（等于civilize）vt. civilise 教化；文明化；使开化citizen n. 公民；市民；老百姓civilian n. 平民，百姓citizen 指拥有某国国籍或有某地区合法身份的人，即公民。native 指土生土长的本地居民。civilian 指相对于军人或官员的平民百姓。resident 多指长期居住或暂时居住的民民，有时也指旅居者。 Reside rzad vi. 住，居住；属于inhabitant 最普通用词，一般指常住居民。 Inhabit vt. 栖息；居住于；占据spacious spes ad
26、j. 宽敞的Is your classroom spacious?Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.同义词：rommya roomy housecapacious 容量大的 capacity 容量commodious kmds宽敞的，便利的 roomy and conventientThe cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and conv
27、enient.expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的Id like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋vast 幅员辽阔的The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problemextensive 广泛的，广阔的 extensive reading 泛读 intensive reading 精读You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.widespread 流传广的，分布广的The kind of news is wi
28、despread.far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.seasick adj.晕船的airsick 晕飞机的/ carsick 晕车的 bussick 晕公交车的 bicyclesick 晕自行车的 homesick 想家的。 dont negotiate with terrorists wont leave you hehindintimidate v.恐吓，恫吓 Nothing can intimidate me. 美国官员对恐怖分子的态度intimidate v. 恫吓，威胁做某事（you d
29、eliberately make them frightened enough to do what you want them to do）（突出使害怕）timid tmd adj. 胆小，害羞的 intimidate sb into doing stheg. The witness was intimidated into giving false testimony.threaten v.威胁 （对不服者给予惩罚）不服从我的话，我就要采取行动threaten to do sth threaten sb with sth eg. Every time the young couple ha
30、ve words, the wife will threaten to divorce him.menace mens （n.威胁；恐吓vi. 恐吓；进行威胁vt. 威胁；恐吓）(系正式用词,用某种意志给以威胁)menace sb with sth/menace sb to do sth eg. Two gangsters menaced us with weapons. eg. Heavy smoking menaces a persons health. 威胁到（you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thin
31、g serious harm. 威胁）disadvantage n.短处，缺点Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用Exhilarating zlret adj. 使人高兴的to make lively and cheerful; gladden; elate 非常高级的八级单词Exhilarate zlret vt. 使高兴，使振奋；使愉快Im exhilarated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。同义词：stimulate 刺激，激励 stimulate sb to do
32、 sth.Your courage stimulated me to do so.inspire 激励（通过言辞） inspire sb to dostir st 鼓舞，鼓动 Who stired you to do it like this? v. 搅拌；微动；（使）活动；激发，打动spur sp 刺激 His rude remarks spured me. n. 马刺；鞭策encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so.Active adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的 n
33、. 主动语态；积极分子Activate vt. usu passive 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性 vi. 激活；有活力Initiate vt. 启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授） n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者Motive n. 动机，目的；主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的 vt. 使产生动机，激起Motivate v. 刺激，使有动机，激励/激发的积极性；成为的动机；（激起某种行为）Escapist n.逍遥者 （n. 逃避现实者adj. 逃避现实的）escapism n.逃避现实主义者something that helps you to forget about
34、 your normal life and think of more pleasant thingshedonist hidnst n.享乐主义者 adj. 享乐主义者的 或者中性一点的“快乐主义者”sip v.呷，v.小口小口地喝，吸吮 drink a little at a time. n. 吸吮 - take a sip of 喝一点sip at martini 介词是atIm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?Im so hungry that I want to have a taste of
35、 your cake.You can take a sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.Gulp glp v./n. 很快很快地喝东西 1 v&n 大口吞下 2 v&n大口地吸eg. The thirsty cat gulped down a bottle of milk.take a gulp迅速喝了一口swallow at one gulp/swallow in one gulp 一口吞下slurp slp v./n. vt. 出声地吃或喝vi. 出声地吃或喝n. 吃的声音； 郭德纲模仿于谦吃饭声音to make a noisy
36、 sucking sound while drinking some kind of liquideg. Dont slurp your soup! drink coffee with a slurpdevour 1/狼吞虎咽地吃 2/如饥似渴地读champagne mpen n.香槟酒 法语一种富含二氧化碳的起泡白葡萄酒。原产于法国香槟省，故名refinement n.精心的安排 n.精制，高雅，精心设计，安排refine rfan v.美化，优化，精炼 （vt. 精炼，提纯；使改善，完善；使文雅）再次，多次使其fineMake or become pure; cause to become
37、 more cultured, polished in manners; get rid of what is coarse or vulgar; improve by giving great attention to details 宾语可以是各种事物或概念refine language精炼语言 refine manners使仪态优雅 refine writing style完善写作风格refine oil提炼石油 refine sugar精炼糖 a woman of great refinement 一个举止文雅的女人注意这一句 Coffee always refined us. Cof
38、fee always made us fresh.breathtaking adj. 激动人心的The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。The girl takes my breath. The beautiful dress takes my breath.decide to go for a trip 决定旅行We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.Heartbreakingsoar s v.高飞 v. to fly 高飞，翱翔eg. The plane soared high above the clouds. W
39、e cant soar in the blue sky.eg. The prices soar highly 物价飞涨soaringadj. 高飞的，翱翔的a soaring eagle展翅高飞的雄鹰 a soaring prices飞涨的物价 a soaring ambition壮志凌云a soaring skyscraper高耸的建筑物sore s adj. 疼痛的，痛心的，剧烈的 n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事a sore throat sour sa adj. 酸的 adj. 酸的；发酵的；刺耳的；酸臭的；讨厌的vi. 发酵；变酸；厌烦vt. 使变酸；使失望n. 酸味；苦事go sou
40、r变酸 effortlessly adv. 不费力地landscape n.景色 = extraordinary sight 风景；风景画；景色；山水画；乡村风景画；地形；vt. 对做景观美化，给做园林美化；从事庭园设计 西红柿首富，里面的常远vi. 美化（环境等），使景色宜人；从事景观美化工作，做庭园设计师同义词：scenery 自然风光 secne 场面 view 透过窗户看到的景色Our classroom doesnt have a good view.The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.sight 侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市
41、景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。scene 指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。scenery 指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。view 普通和词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。landscape 多指在内陆的自然风光。fresh adj. 精神饱满的新鲜的 新加的 ADJ n “一轮新的调查”、新近的、新颖的、清新的 2、精力充沛的 3、刚从来的; 刚经历过的 v-link ADJ from/out of n If you are fresh from a particular place or experience, you have just
42、come from that place or you have just had that experience. You can also say that someone is fresh out of a place a fresh man Look at that guy, he is really fresh.Uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来 He went home fresh and uncrumpled.Crumple krmp()l vt. 弄皱；使一蹶不振vi. 起皱；倒坍；一蹶不振 n. 皱纹；褶皱 crumpled adj 褶皱的Wrinkle rkl n.
43、 皱纹vi. 起皱vt. 使起皱纹Uncrumple nkrmpl v. 去掉的皱纹，弄平Notes on the Text 课文注释People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.by land/by sea/by air现在分词短语修饰people People who travel long distance frequently.frequently 定期地，经常地 quite oftenhave to deci
44、de = have to make up their mind.would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配had better do 最好做. would perfer to do. would rather do.Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.Train compartments soon ge
45、t cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.take your mind off 摆脱的困扰 1、stop thinking of something 2、off的意思，远离 比较火公式英语eg. Hard work is the best way to take your mind off your problems.eg. Hard work is the best way to keep you occupied.take years off you 使看上去年轻一些take make-up off 卸妆set/put sbs mind at rest 使某人安心，让人放心eg