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1、 Unit 1 Past and present词汇拓展v. married (adj.) 已婚的2. communicate v. communication (n.)3. north n. northern (adj.)4. wife n. wives(复数)5. interview v. interviewer (n.) 采访者adj. recently (adv.)adj. exactly (adv.)v. pollution(n.)重点短语1.和玩 play with sb2.不再not any more=no more3.不同时期的交通工具 transport at differe
2、nt times4.阳光镇的变化 the changes to Sunshine Town5.非常了解这个地方 know the place well6.从那时起 since then自从 2005 年以来 since 2005自从去年以来 since last year自从三个星期前以来 since three weeks ago7.搬家 move house搬到南京 move to Nanjing搬走 move away（搬出 move out of搬进一座新公寓 move to/ into a new flat8.在南部 in the southern part of9.结婚 get m
3、arried 已经结婚have been married for和某人结婚 be/ get married to sb/ marry sb 把某人嫁给某人 marry sb. to sb.10.变化很大 change a lot change into 变成change n.改变（可数）找零，零钱（不可数）11.在过去 in the past 在现在 at present12.这些年以来 over/ during the years 13.把变成turn into 翻到 turn to14.打牌 play cards 下中国象棋 play Chinese chess15.愉快的假期 pleas
4、ant holiday16.玩得很开心 have a pleasant time17.水污染 water pollution 噪音污染 noise pollution 减少污染 reduce the pollution18.过去经常做某事 used to do sth19.像以前一样经常地as often as before%20.把排进/ 倒进dump into21.一个很严重的问题 a very serious problem22.采取行动做某事 take action to do sth23.在某种程度上 in some ways 顺便问一下 by the way在去的路上 on the
5、 way to挡路 in the way24.开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所 open space25.不时地，偶尔 from time to time26. 一处自然景点地方 a place of natural beauty27.从借borrow sth from sb 借给某人/把借给lend sb sth= lend sth to sb28.在使用中 be in use= be in service29.带去take sb to 30.独自地 on ones own= by oneself= alone31.有同感 have the same feeling32.青山环绕 green hi
6、lls around33.清新的空气 fresh air34.良好的环境 a good environment;35.发展缓慢 less development36.离远 be far (away) from 两个街区远 two blocks away 离近 be close to37.给造成许多麻烦 cause many problems for38.近期照片 recent photos 在近几年中 in recent years39. 的反义词 the opposite of40.有好运 have good luck 41.把扔掉 throw sth away42.写一篇有关阳光镇的文章
7、write an article on Sunshine Town43.在过去的一个世纪 over the past century44.关于北京的过去和现在 about Beijings past and present45.感冒 have a cold 患重感冒 have a bad cold46.受到某人的来信 hear from sb= receive a letter from47.乘飞机旅行 travel by plane/ by air48.享受阳光和沙滩 enjoy the sun and the beach49.走遍城市 go around the city50.返回 ret
8、urn =get back return to 回到，归还|51.出国 go abroad 国内外 at home and abroad52.和保持联系 keep in touch withComic strip & Welcome to the unit1：past and present（1）pastn. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.People lived a hard life in the past.）adj. 过去的，以前的；in/over/during the past
9、/last few years 在过去的几年里常用于现在完成时Lets not make the past mistakes.He has visited many foreign countries in the past few years.prep. 过 half past ten 十点半Our car was past the Tiananmen Square when it broke down.adv. 经过 go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp. = pass sp.A woman saw it happen when she walked pa
10、st.:When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）present adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的 be present at the meeting 出席会议n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ； a present for you=a gift for you 给你的礼物He is busy at present.vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; present sb. with sth.Everyone can be presented a present at pres
11、ent.2：Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me. 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。￥（1）change: vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into 变成n.变化，改变;change(s) to .的变化Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用; 行使，used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 否定形式：used not to+v.或 didnt useto+v.疑问形式：Use
12、d sb. to v. Yes, sb used./No, sb usednt.或 Did sb. use to+v. Yes, sb did./No, sb didnt.|get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hes barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never be used to this busy lifestyle.be used to do sth. 被用来做某事us
13、eful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的Reading1：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.北西东东南南souther wester eastern southeaster northweste northweste northwesternrn rnnnnnorthernnorth south west eastsoutheast northwest northwest3. by the way 表示“顺便说/问一句”；4. all the way 表示“全程；一直”；5. in
14、a way 在某一点上,在某种程度上6. in the way 挡道 in the way of sb 挡在某人路上9:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.（2）a
15、s often as before 像以前一样的经常 as . as 像一样。10:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的feel lonely, a lonely person, live in a lonely villagealone adv./adj. 单独,独自=by oneself=on ones ownteacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish
16、the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.（2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数) at the same time 同时 in time 及时；适时 on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时，有时 for the first time 首次；第一次（3）a b
17、it + adj./adv. = a little + adj./ adv. 有点.a little +不可数名词 = a bit of +不可数名词I find the watch a little expensive.Grammar1.现在完成时的含义A. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mike borrowed the book two days ago. (两天前借了书，但是现在有没有还不知道)Mike has kept the book for two days. (借了
18、这本书两天，这本书还在麦克那里)He has taught here since 1981. （可能还要继续教）I havent seen her for four years. （我已经四年没有见过她了。）B表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。如：She has gone.(她走了，这里可看出”走“的动作时过去发生的，而对现在造成的结果她不在这里了。)We are good friends. (现在的情况）-I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997（. 现在完
19、成时把过去动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）2. 现在完成时的构成（一）肯定式 主语助动词 have has 过去分词其它例：Ive just copied all the new words.我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)（二）否定式主语助动词 have hasnot过去分词其它1）I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。注：有时 not 可以用 never 代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。%又如：2）I have never seen him before. 以前我从来没有见过他。 （三）一般疑问式助动词 Have Has 主语过
20、去分词其它例：Have you ever made dumplings 你曾经做过饺子吗Yes, I have. 是的，我做过。注意：当句中有否定词 not, hardly（几乎不）, never 的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school, have you你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗%3.动词过去分词的构成方法A. 规则变化。规则变化与过去式相同。a. 通常加-ed，如：visited，finished。b. 以不发音的 e 结尾的直接加 d，如：lived，moved。c. 重读闭音节的双写最后一个辅音加-
21、ed，如：travelled，planned。d. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i 再加 ed，如：studied，cried。B. 不规则变化。（需逐一记忆）4.与现在完成时连用的时间状语;a.用副词 already 和 yetalready 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 yet 用于疑问句，表示“已经”；用于否定句，表示“还”。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。Have you finish
22、ed your homework yet 你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗b.用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall-I have never been to the Great Wall.c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如recently, just, before, up to now, the pastfew years 等I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.He has been there three
23、 times the last few days.I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。如：-Have you met him today -No, I havent.How many times have you been there this year& 5.现在完成时的句型a. It is the first / second/ time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）It is the first t
24、ime that she has visited the city这. 是她第一次参观这座城市。is the +形容词最高级+名词 that +从句（从句用现在完成时）This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我曾看过的最好电影。I must say that its the best model I have ever seen. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。c. Its +一段时间+since 从句(或 It has been +一段时间+since 从句).自从某事发生已有一段时间了。It is /has been two years si
25、nce my brother joined the army.?Its over twenty years since we last met.Its a long time since our last vacation.6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。He learned French for three years.他曾经
26、学过三年法语。Who has taken my bag I couldnt find it.谁拿走了我的包我找不到了He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。The room is clean, for he has cleaned it alread房y.间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。He has done some washing.He did some washing yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。Integrated skills&Study skills&Task;1. Star
27、light Town has changed a lot over the years. 星光镇在过去几年中变化很大。=There have been great changes in Starlight Town.=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.（1） change vt. 变化，改变 Where did you change your plane change cn. 变化，改变Great changes have taken place since 1976.change un. 零钱Here is your chang
28、e.（2）over the years “历年；多年来；多年以来” 相当于 during the years，常与现在完成时连用。在过去的五年里 over/during/in the last/past five years例：This village _hasnt changed_ (not change) over the years.2. We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。communicate vt. 传达（新闻，意见，感情等）The little boy cant communicate his ideas municate v
29、i. 交流；沟通；通讯communicate with sb. 和某人沟通交流He had no way to communicate with his munication n. 交流；沟通；通讯3. Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens. 有露天的空间和漂亮的花园真好。open 的用法open space 意为“露天的空间、空地”。其中 open 是形容词，意为“未围上的；开阔的”。Children like to run around in the open fields. 孩子们喜欢在广阔的田野上追逐玩耍。open 作形容词，还可
30、以表示“开着的”；反义词是 closed，意为“关着的”。The door is open now. 门现在是开着的。open 还可以作动词，意为“开，打开”；反义词是 close，意为“关，关闭”。Please open the window. 请把窗户打开。It is good to open all the windows and air the rooms.打开所有窗户，给房间通通风是有益的。4. A river runs through the center of town.一条河横穿镇中心。辨析：across & through1)across 横穿，与十字路口形成十字，而 thr
31、ough 指在立体空间中的穿过。go through the forest 穿过森林 go across the street 穿过大街2)through 表示贯通，直穿，透过，穿过，即从一边贯穿到另一边。The river runs through our city. 3)across 表示横穿，横过，横渡，横跨I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.Where did you change your plane change cn. 变化，改变Great changes have taken place since 1976.chan
32、ge un. 零钱Here is your change.（2）over the years “历年；多年来；多年以来” 相当于 during the years，常与现在完成时连用。在过去的五年里 over/during/in the last/past five years例：This village _hasnt changed_ (not change) over the years.2. We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。communicate vt. 传达（新闻，意见，感情等）The little boy cant commu
33、nicate his ideas municate vi. 交流；沟通；通讯communicate with sb. 和某人沟通交流He had no way to communicate with his munication n. 交流；沟通；通讯3. Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens. 有露天的空间和漂亮的花园真好。open 的用法open space 意为“露天的空间、空地”。其中 open 是形容词，意为“未围上的；开阔的”。Children like to run around in the open fields. 孩子
34、们喜欢在广阔的田野上追逐玩耍。open 作形容词，还可以表示“开着的”；反义词是 closed，意为“关着的”。The door is open now. 门现在是开着的。open 还可以作动词，意为“开，打开”；反义词是 close，意为“关，关闭”。Please open the window. 请把窗户打开。It is good to open all the windows and air the rooms.打开所有窗户，给房间通通风是有益的。4. A river runs through the center of town.一条河横穿镇中心。辨析：across & through1)across 横穿，与十字路口形成十字，而 through 指在立体空间中的穿过。go through the forest 穿过森林 go across the street 穿过大街2)through 表示贯通，直穿，透过，穿过，即从一边贯穿到另一边。The river runs through our city. 3)across 表示横穿，横过，横渡，横跨I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.