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1、第二部分 欧美习俗（二）6. In School (2)在学校里(2)It is bad manners in the classroom, as elsewhere, to look at anything your neighbor has written, or to try to see what mark he has received without asking his permission. It is good manners for students to help each other. In examinations and in certain kinds of wr
2、itten work intended to measure the pupils own progress it is not only dishonest to help or to ask help from another, but it is thoughtless of real values.It is bad manners to laugh at anothers mistakes or accident. You can realize why, when you think how you feel yourself when laughed at. It is very
3、 bad manners to laugh at any unfortunate student who has a peculiarity of walking or talking or any deformity of body. Such persons should be treated with real kindness. Make them feel that you do not notice their misfortune.Most teachers are sincerely anxious to help their students in any way they
4、can, and it is polite for the students to help the teacher (especially if the teacher is a woman and the student a young man). Sometimes the blackboard needs erased, or the door or window shut or opened. Sometimes there are papers to collect and distribute. This kind of help is always appreciated.Go
5、od manners are especially important in the library. The general rule is: Do not do anything that might disturb your neighbor. Scraping chairs and shuffling feet are impolite, as well as talking or laughing while others are trying to work. If you have a cold it is better for you to take out a book an
6、d read it at home.Comprehension Questions:1. In examinations, it is _ to help or to ask help from another.A. clever B. foolishC. dishonest D. good manners2. If one of your classmates is lame, _3. Young boy students should be _ to help their teachers, especially when they are women.A. lucky enough B.
7、 sorrowful enoughC. slightly happy D. polite enough4. In the library, when others are working, you should not _A. keep silent. B. read and write.C. scraping the chair. D. open and close the book.5. If you have a cold it is better for you to _A. stay at home. B. go to school.C. read in the library. D
8、. read outside.(CCDCA)7. When One Should Arrive and Leave到达和离开的时间 For MealsYou should arrive at the time indicated in the invitation or within five to seven minutes of that time. If you are very early, walk around the block or wait in your car or downstairs in the lobby. In this country the hostess
9、is also likely to be the cook. Give her those precious last moments in peace to compose her soul, dont arrive before the time you were asked for. If you find you are going to be late, it is a real help to your hostess if you telephone and tell her so. She may turn off the stove and be grateful to yo
10、u for not having spoiled supper by your lateness.Cocktail Parties, Receptions, TeasInvitations for such events usually say from hour to hour-5: 00 to 7: 00 p. m., for example. This means you can come at any time that suits you between those hours. You dont have to leave on the dot of time indicated,
11、 but should go within a half hour at the latest. For a DanceIt is usual to arrive half an hour to an hour after it starts. There is nothing drearier than a dance that has not yet begun, unless you are the true dancer who likes the floor uncrowded and the orchestra fresh!For the TheatrePlan to arrive
12、 at least ten minutes before curtain time. You will want to take off your coat, read the program, and settle down before the play begins.Weddings, Funerals, Public Lectures, Sports EventsBe there about ten minutes before the specified time so that you will be seated and relaxed by the time it starts
13、.Business AppointmentsArrive exactly at the moment of appointment or a few minutes ahead. It is considered a discourtesy to keep a busy person waiting. If he keeps you waiting, however, take it in good grace. The person whose office is the scene of the meeting takes precedence. If you do not want to
14、 give him this advantage, arrange to meet in your office or on some neutral ground such as at a club or a hotel lobby.Comprehension Questions:1. If you have arrived very early for the meal you should _A. go into the room at once.B. walk around the block or wait in your car.C. wait downstairs in the
15、lobby.D. both B and C.2. If you are going to be late for the meal, youd better _A. stay at home and not go to the meal. B. telephone your hostess and tell her so. C. keep silent all the time. D. not telephone your hostess.3. When you are going to a dance, its usual to arrive _A. half an hour to an h
16、our late.B. five minutes before the dance is over.C. two hours after the dance starts.D. at the end of the dance.4. If you want to go to the theatre, you should plan to arrive _A. at least ten minutes before curtain timeB. at least ten minutes after curtain time. C. at least five minutes before curt
17、ain time. D. exactly when the play starts.5. If you go to weddings, funerals, public lectures and sports events, youd better be there _A. about ten minutes after the specified time. B. half an hour after the time. C. from 5: 00 to 7: 00 p. m. D. about ten minutes before the specified time.(DBAAD)8.
18、How to Give Gifts Among the Westerners送礼也要讲场合You should be careful in the giving of gifts. Never give a gift in a job interview or prior to a business meeting. Gifts are usually given during special holidays, or as an acknowledgment for special invitations or events. At the time of arriving to a spe
19、cial event or social gathering, you may present your gift to the host once the introductions are made. With gift giving, a few rules are in order: Be modest with your gift; do not buy expensive or extravagant gifts.Perishable gifts, such as a special food from your country, a bottle of wine, candy a
20、nd flowers, are best if you do not personally know the host very well, but be certain that your gift will not require immediate attention. Your host will be very busy, and you should avoid adding another task to his or her evening. You can usually say something like, “I thought you would like this a
21、 little later.” when you offer your gift. Be careful of giving alcohol; a bottle of wine is usually all right if you know your host drinks wine, but hard liquor (whisky, scotch, etc) should only be given as gifts only when you know the host and are certain that they would welcome such a gift. Flower
22、s are good, but remember: roses are for personal relationships. Do not give roses to everybody. Cut flowers are nice if they are in a vase. A small cultural gift from your country is usually very appropriate. Make certain your gift is packaged nicely, with a nice card attached to it.Comprehension Qu
23、estions: (True or False)1. In America, it is generally considered impolite to give someone a gift. ( )2. Gifts should be given out before a business meeting. ( )3. When you offer someone a gift, you should be too proud of it. ( )4. When you give roses as a gift to someone, you should be careful enou
24、gh. ( )(FFTT)9. Eating Etiquette in the United States美国人请客吃饭的礼节You are what you eat, according to an old American saying. For the rules of business etiquette, you are not only what you eat, but also how you eat. Every society has its rules governing the all-important custom of breaking bread, and th
25、e United States is no exception. In the business world, breakfasts and lunches are usually the best times for business meals. Dinners are usually reserved for very special occasions or out-of-town guests. Occasionally, if you are hosting the meal, and your guest is staying at a local hotel, then an
26、afternoon coffee and tea meeting in the hotel lobby can be very useful. If you are the host of a meal, you should follow a few important rules: In scheduling the meal, never ask the guest where they would like to eat. Instead, pick two restaurants, pick two different hours, and offer your guest thos
27、e options. A day before the meal, check with your guest to confirm the date, time and location. Arrive at the restaurant early enough to pay for the bill ahead of time. It is best that the meals bill is attended to without your guest present. Once your guests arrive, you should appear as if you have
28、 just arrived. Do not order a drink until your guests have all arrived. Greet your guest warmly with a handshake when he or she arrives. Keep your coat on until they have also arrived. Take the worst seat. Offer your guest his or her choice, but in no case should your guest be facing a mirror or the
29、 bathroom or kitchen doors. You should set the tone of the meal: You should offer your guests the opportunity to order a cocktail or appetizer to start if you feel that is appropriate. Do not order alcohol if your guest abstains. Offer your guest suggestions for food. Order as many courses as does y
30、our guest so that you start and finish at the same time. Offer your guest coffee and dessert, but do not insist. Respect their dietary needs and desires, and you should follow suit. If you are a guest, here are some important rules to know: Never be late. Always arrive at least five, but no more tha
31、n 10, minutes prior to your engagement. Keep your voice low and pleasant; follow the tone set by your host as to the ordering of alcohol and the discussion of business. Keep your personal accessories in your back at your feet. Do not overload your table setting with your sunglasses, electronic devic
32、es, handbags, etc. If you have a cell phone or beeper, turn them off, unless you have a situation you must attend to, in which case you should warn your host ahead of time. Comprehension Questions: (True or False)1. “You are what you eat.” means you are compared to a kind of food. ( )2. You should a
33、sk your guests where to eat before you choose the restaurant. ( )3. It is not recommended to pay the bill in the presence of your guests. ( )4. You mustnt let your guest face a mirror or the bathroom door. ( )(FFTT)10. What to Remember When Eating Out?外出就餐应牢记什么Eating out is one of the joys of being
34、in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable; and the service is mostly fine. Choosing a RestaurantSome restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves “family restaurants”. Many of these serv
35、e no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, omelets and sandwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper childrens portions. Note that many American restaurants are specialty restaurants. They may serve only, or mainly, st
36、eaks, seafood, etc. When to EatMany restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11:30 a.m. (midday, rather than 1 p.m., is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon. In many areas
37、it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m., than waiting until later.Reserving a TableArriving at the RestaurantWhen you arrive at the restaurant, you should not just go in and sit down, unless you see a sign saying, “Please seat yourself”. Usually you wi
38、ll have to wait for a hostess or captain to escort you to a table. Often there will be a sign that reads, “Please wait to be seated”. Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowded. It just isnt done. Many restaurants have a no-smoking section, in some place by
39、windows.One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass of water (with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal. (Most Americans are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.) Whe
40、n your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately, except in the most expensive restaurants. Summoning a WaiterYou may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (Youre supposed just to sa
41、y “Fine”.), inquire whether you have a good day and, later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal. To summon a waiter in an American restaurant you may call “Bill”, or “Mary”, or “Claude”, or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your tab
42、le or wear name tags; you are permitted to use their first names. Paying the BillComprehension Questions: (True or False)1. In the U.S. it is a pleasant thing to eat out with friends. ( )2. You should directly go in and sit down as soon as you arrive at the restaurant. ( )3. If you reserve a table in advance, you will avoid the trouble of queuing. ( )4. Paying the bill with tax is considered as illegal in the USA. ( )(TFTF)