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1、第二部分 欧美习俗（三）11. Politeness in English Conversation英国人会话的礼貌British habits of politeness are on the whole very informal.A simple “good morning ” (or “good afternoon”) or a merry wave of the hand across the street is quite satisfactory. Handshakes are only exchanged on a first introduction, or on speci
2、al occasions or as a token of agreement or congratulation.“Excuse me” is used as an advance apology for troubling somebody, as when passing in front of him or interrupting his or her conversation, or when patting a stranger.“Im sorry” expresses regret for an accidental disturbance or an impolite beh
3、avior. It also takes the place of “no” when you cant accede to a request or a suggestion like “May I borrow your pen?” or “Shall we go swimming?”“Pardon?” is the polite way of asking someone to repeat what he has said. A polite request does not begin with “I want ” or “I think”, but with a phrase li
4、ke “Will (Would, Could) you please?” or “Would you mind?”If you are invited into a persons home, what time should you arrive? If it is a social occasion, not a business one, it is not polite to arrive early. Ten minutes late is suitable. Half an hour late if excessive, and requires apologies.What ti
5、me should you leave? It is most impolite to stay too late; youll probably take your leave between ten and eleven oclock. If you have been asked to stay for several days, youll give the hostess a bunch of flowers before you leave.Comprehension Questions: (True or False)1. Just like in China, people i
6、n Britain often shake hands no matter when and where they meet. ( )2. “Excuse me” is used after you have interrupted others. ( )3. “Im sorry” is used to express your regret and apology after you have already troubled someone. ( )4. When you do not hear or understand what others say, youd better begi
7、n with “Repeat what you said”. ( )5. In Britain, when asked about the time, one should say, “I dont know.” if he really doesnt know. ( )(FFTFF)12. Dos and Donts in Greetings and in Addressing People问候和称呼别人时应注意什么When visiting England for the first time, it is necessary to know most of the “dos and do
8、nts ”. Here we are going to discuss the forms of greetings.The very formal “How do you do?” is not a question; that is why it doesnt require any other answer except “How do you do?” This form of greeting is used when you are introduced to someone or you meet someone for the first time.If you often m
9、eet someone you usually say, “How are you?” The answer to such a greeting must be short, for example: “Very well, thank you. (And how are you?)”But this is not all. You can, of course, say “Good morning.” when you see somebody in the morning. You can say it till noon. Till about 6 oclock in the even
10、ing you say “Good afternoon.” and from that time on “Good evening.” But all these are rather formal greetings.If you meet a friend of yours you may just say “Hello, John.” or “Hello, Mary.”The manner of addressing people in Britain is quite different from ours.First of all, never use the words “sir”
11、 or “madam” while speaking with equals. A usual form of addressing people is “Mr. Smith”, “Mrs. Smith”. But you must remember that “Mrs.” is the form of addressing a married woman, while “Miss” is used for a young girl or an unmarried woman.The next rule to be remembered is about shaking hands. Brit
12、ish people avoid shaking hands as much as possible. They shake hands with you when they meet you for the first time or when they leave you for long. And remember that it is always the visitor who offers his hand first, even if the person visited is a woman.Comprehension Questions:1. When the speaker
13、 is introduced to someone or meets someone for the first time, he should say “_”A. How are you? B. What are you?C. How do you do? D. Hello, John.2. The reply to “How do you do?” is “_”A. Very well, thank you. B. How do you do?C. I am a middle school student. D. Youre welcome.3. When you meet someone
14、 youve already known and you want to know something about his or her health, youd better say “_”A. How do you do? B. How are you?C. What do you do? D. What about your health?4. The reply to “How are you?” is “_”A. Im fine, thank you. B. Very good, and how are you?C. How do you do? D. Its very kind o
15、f you to ask so.5. When people shake hands, who offers the hand first? _A. The man does. B. The woman does.C. The visitor does. D. The person visited does.(CBBAC)13. Body Language in the U.S.A.体态语在美国Sometimes people add to what they say even when they dont talk. Gestures are the “silent language” of
16、 every culture. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say. It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.In the United States, people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction. The handshake must be firm. I
17、f the handshake is weak, it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness. Friends may place hands on the others arm or shoulder. Some people, usually women, greet a friend with a hug.Space is important to Americans. When two people talk to each other, they usually stand about two and a half feet away and
18、 at an angle, so they are not facing each other directly. Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close. They will move back to have their space. If Americans touch another person by accident, they say, “Pardon me.” or “Excuse me.”Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes w
19、hen they are talking. If you dont do so, it means you are bored, hiding something, or not interested. But when you stare at someone, it is not polite.For Americans, thumbs-up means “yes”, “very good” or “well done”. Thumbs-down means the opposite. To call a waiter, raise one hand to head level or ab
20、ove. To show you want the check, make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper. It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger. Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire
21、them.Learning a cultures body language is sometimes confusing. If you dont know what to do, the safest thing to do is to smile.Comprehension Questions:1. From the first passage we can learn that _ A. gestures dont mean anything while talking. B. gestures can help us to express ourselves. C. we can l
22、earn a language well without body language. D. only American people can use gestures.2. If you are introduced to a stranger from the US, youd better _ A. greet him with a hug. B. place a hand on his shoulder. C. shake his hand firmly. D. shake his head softly.3. In the United States, people often _
23、A. show their friendship by touching each other. B. express their friendship by glancing at each other. C. say “Pardon me” to each other when they are talking. D. get uncomfortable when you stand close to them.4. If you talk with an American friend, it is polite to _ A. look your friend up and down.
24、 B. look at the other person in the eyes. C. look at your watch now and then. D. hide your point of view.(BCDB)14. What to Ask and What not to Ask该问什么，不该问什么There are certain things which it is considered bad manners in Western countries to talk about in society. It is very important to know these an
25、d avoid them. The subjects to be avoided are: bodily functions, or anything connected with the more private parts of the body, intimate sex relations, details of birth, details of unpleasant illnesses, the age of the person one is talking with; income or salary of friends; or prices of their possess
26、ions; personal questions or remarks, such as, “Why dont you get married?” or “I should think you would want to have some children.” Some of these are permissible in Chinese society, but they are all taboo in Western society.It is not good manners to speak of ones own country as if it were more impor
27、tant or better than others. But neither is good to speak depreciatingly of ones country or call it “unworthy”. Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things that make people feel unhappy. Speak naturally of the good things in
28、your own country, and speak appreciatively of what you can approve of in the foreign country.Comprehension Questions:1. Which of the following questions is not considered impolite in Western countries? _A. How old are you?B. How much do you earn each month?C. Why dont you get married and have some c
29、hildren?D. Whats the weather like today?2. The word “taboo” in the first paragraph refers to something _A. that is strongly forbidden by social custom. B. you should learn from. C. you cannot do in Chinese society. D. that is not permissible only in Western countries.3. If you meet a foreigner in yo
30、ur own country _A. you can praise your country before him. B. you can just tell him your own country is more important than his.C. you shouldnt speak too much of your own country.D. you should speak proudly of your own country because it is much more important and better.4. If you meet a foreigner i
31、n his own country, _A. you should speak of good things naturally.B. you should speak highly of something that is actually untrue in his country.C. you should point out all the bad things in his country.D. you tell him that you like his country better than your own.(DACA)15. American Holidays美国的节日In
32、the United States, the fall holiday season begins on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November. Originally a day of thanks for good harvests, it is celebrated with a big dinner, a turkey being the traditional main course.Christmas comes on December 25, about a month after Thanksgiving. At Ch
33、ristmas time, people give each other gifts and send Christmas cards. Children especially look forward to this season.New Years Eve, people have gay parties to celebrate the end of the old year and the beginning of the new. This is the end of the holiday season.Easter comes in March or April. This is
34、 a religious holiday, and it also celebrates the coming of spring. At Easter, children dye eggs bright colors. They receive gifts of baskets containing toy rabbits or chickens and candy eggs. On Easter Sunday, many people go to church. It is also a traditional time for women to buy new clothes.Compr
35、ehension Questions:1. In the United States, Thanksgiving Day is the first holiday of _A. the year. B. November.C. the autumn holiday season. D. a big dinner.2. The passage tells us that a very rich meal is served _A. at Christmas. B. on New Years Eve.C. at Thanksgiving. D. on Thursday.3. On the last
36、 day of the year, people happily get together to celebrate the end of the year and the coming of _A. the new one. B. American Independence Day. C. spring. D. the holiday season.4. In March or April, children celebrate Easter by _A. dyeing eggs bright colors.B. looking forward to this season.C. fireworks, picnics and patriotic speeches.D. toy rabbits.5. American Independence Day comes in _A. spring. B. summer. C. autumn. D. winter.(CCAAB)