《2022年非谓语动词6.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年非谓语动词6.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括不定式 & 动名词 & 分词现在分词和过去分词,.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外 ,可以承担句子的任何成分 它有三种形式：不定式,分词现在分词、过去分词,动名词 1非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1假如是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. 2都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 3都有主动与被动,
2、“体”式一般式；进行式；完成式的变化；例如：He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态He avoided being punished by his parents. 动名词的被动式We have written the composition. 谓语动词的完成时Having written the composition, we handed it in.4都可以有规律主语现在分词的完成式They started the work at once.谓语动词的规律主语The boss ordered them to start the work. 动词不定
3、式的规律主语We are League members.谓语动词的主语We being League member, the work was well done. 现在分词的规律主语2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：语；1非谓语动词可以出名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表2非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；3非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语；4谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独 作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制；5英语中不能单独做句子的谓语；功能及用法 一动词不定式：
4、 to+do,具出名词、形容词、副词的特点 . 否认式： not + to do - 1 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动 词动作之后 . 例如：Im glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teach
5、er ordered the work to be done. 2进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 3完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2不定式的句法功能：1作主语：To finish
6、the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用 面两句可用如下形式：it 作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有： 1、It+be+ 名词 +to do ；2、 It takes sb.+some time+to do ；3、It+be+ 形容词+of sb +to do；4、It
7、+be+形容词+for sb.+to do；常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示颂扬或批判的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其规律主语；2作表语：Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. 3作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, p
8、romise, prefer, 假如不定式宾语后面有宾语补足语,就用 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语不定式后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：- 2 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词
9、连用,如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 4作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中, 动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：With a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema有些动词如 mak
10、e, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have 等与不带有 to 的不定式连用, 但改为被 动语态时,不定式要加 to, 如：I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. 5作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后；与所修饰名词有如下关系：动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend. 留意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词假如是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing
11、 to worry about. What did you open it with. 假如不定式修饰 time, place, way ,可以省略介词：He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 假如不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承担者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send. Have you got anything to be sent. 说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.
12、被修饰名词是不定式规律主语：He is the first to get here. - 3 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （6）作状语：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 留意不定式放句首时,规律主语与句子主语要一样：wrong： To save money, every means has been tried. right ：To save money, he ha
13、s tried every means. wrong： To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right ：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用 only 放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out. 表缘由：They were very sad to hear the news. 表程度：Its too dark for us to see a
14、nything. The question is simple for him to answer. 7作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked. 8不定式的省略：保留 to 省略 do 动词；If you dont want to do it, you dont need to. 9不定式的并列：其次个不定式可省略 to；He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 二动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特点,又具出名词的句法功能；1动名词的形式：Ving 否认式： no
15、t + 动名词1一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实；2被动式：He came to the party without being invited 他未被邀请就来到了晚会；3完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影；4完成被动式：- 4 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他遗忘五岁时曾被带到广州
16、去过；5否认式： not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝说；6复合结构：物主代词或名词全部格+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次；His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来很多麻烦；2动名词的句法功能：1作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的；Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很好玩；当动名词短语作主语常常用
17、 it 作形式主语；Its no use quarrelling. 争执是没用的；2作表语：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵；3作宾语：They havent finished building the dam. 他们仍没有建好大坝；We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必需阻挡空气被污染；留意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句； 此外,动名词作宾语时,假设跟有宾语补足语,就常用形式宾语 it,例如：We found it n
18、o good making fun of others. 我们发觉取笑他人不好；要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid防止 , excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit承 认,deny否认 , mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk 冒险 , appreciate感谢 , be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help 情不自禁地, think of, dream of, be fond
19、 of, prevent from,keep from, stopfrom ,protect from, set about, be engaged in, spend in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 4作定语：He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路；Is there a swimming pool in your school. 你们学校有游泳池吗？5作同位语：The cave,
20、his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很隐秘；- 5 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未转变；三现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特点,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能；1、现在分词的形式：否认式： not + 现在分词1现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生,完成 式表示的动作在
21、谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语；例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去；Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开头打篮球；2现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表 示发生在谓语动 词之前的被动的动作；The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被争论的问题很重要；Having been told many times, the naughty boy m
22、ade the same mistake. 被告知了好几遍,这个调皮的孩子又犯了同一个错误；2现在分词的句法功能：1作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；假如是 分词短语做定语 放在名词后；In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了；The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲；现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following years 也可用 in t
23、he years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher 可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher. 2现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒；The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势激励人心；be + doing 既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区分在于 be + doing 表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特点时是系动词3作宾语补足语：如下
24、动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：be 与现在分词构成系表结构；see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等；例如：- 6 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Can you hear her singing the song in the next room. 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着
25、；4）现在分词作状语：作时间状语：While Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人；作缘由状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他常常帮忙他人；作方式状语,表示相伴：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗；作条件状语：If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是成天玩,你就会铺张宝
26、贵的时间；作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎；作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了；作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了；与规律主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上；All the tickets having been sold out,
27、they went away disappointedly. 全部的票已经卖光了,他们扫兴地离开了；Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 假如时间答应,我们将做另两个练习；有时也可用 with without + 名词代词宾格+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了；作独立成分：udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他肯定是个演员；Generally speaking, girls are mor
28、e careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心；四过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规章动词由动词原形加词尾- 7 -ed 构成；不规章动词的过去分词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 没有统一的规章要求,要一一记住；过去分词的句法功能：1过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅 行；Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的
29、人将出席这次会；留意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前, 假如是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面；过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句；2过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了；They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前凄惨的景象感到很可怕；留意： be + 过去分词,假如表示状态是系表结构,假如表示被动的动作是被动语态；区分：The window is broken. 系表The window was broken by the boy. 被动有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成；如：boile
30、d water开水fallen leaves落叶newly arrived goods 新到的货the risen sun升起的太阳the changed world变了的世界这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed 等；3过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次；有时过去分词做 with 短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play.
31、4过去分词作状语：工作做完了,他们出去玩去了；Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的夸奖,他成为父母的自豪；表示缘由Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被观察,人们就忘不了；表示时间Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 假如赐予更多的时间,我能做得更好；表示条件Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
32、表示让步虽然被告之有危急,他仍旧冒生命危急去救那个孩子；- 8 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中布满了期望与惧怕,他走进山洞；课堂过手练习1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better. 2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the
33、16th century. A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written 3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. 4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. 5.When passing me he pretended _ me. A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen 6.The children
34、 insisted _ there on foot. 7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young. A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken 8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left. A.Arriving at;to find B ing to;discovering that C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have fou
35、nd out 9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park. A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led 10._ these pictures,I could nt help thinking of those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Bei
36、jing looks more beautiful. A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen 11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face. A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 13._ is known to all,
37、China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 yearsA.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing 14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont reaneed. A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 15.There was terrible noise _ the su
38、dden burst of light. - 9 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 16.Please excuse my _ in without _ . A e;permitted B ing;permitted C img;being permitted D.to come;being permitted 17._ his head high,the manager walked into th
39、e room to attend the meeting _ then. A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held 18. Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day. Yes,and I heard this song _ in English. A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung 19.The question _ now at the me
40、eting is not the question _ yesterday. A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing 20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing. A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing 21.It is no use _ your past mistakes. A.
41、 regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted 22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her,only _ her five children. A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving 23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem _ . A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it
42、 out 24.I would appreciate _ back this affernoon. re calling 25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ . A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired 26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room. A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves 27.She was glad to see
43、 her child well _ care of. 28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow. 29._ maps properly,you need a special pen. A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing 30.There is a river _ around our school. A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running 1 5 C B D B D 6 10 C B A A A 11 15 C B C C B 16 20 C A D C A- 10 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2125 A D B C A 26 30 C C B C C- 11 -名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 11 页