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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 人教版英语必修四学问点总结Unit1 （一）重点单词 1. achievement n. 成就；功绩 They are proud of their children s achievements. 他们对于孩子们的成果感到自豪；Although we have made some achievements, we still have a long way to go. 虽然我们已经取得了一些成就,但是我们仍然仍有很长的路要走；Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement. 即使是
2、小小的胜利也会给你一种成就感；学问拓展 achieve v. 凭长期努力 达到（某目标、位置、标准）；完成 He achieved his success after several yearshard work. 经过几年的艰苦工作,他最终胜利了；I have achieved only half of what I had hoped to do. 我仅完成了我期望做到的一半；2. connection n. 连接；关系；联系 Do you believe that there is a connection between smoking and a heart disease. 你信任
3、吸烟与心脏病有关系吗？The machine won t work because of a faulty connection. 由于一个地方连接不对,机器无法运转；He asked me many questions in connection with life in Britain. 他问了我很多与英国生活有关的问题；His dismissal has no connection with the quality of his work. 他被解雇一事与他的工作质量无关；学问拓展 connect v. 连接；把 联系起来；连接 The two cities are connected
4、by a railway. 这两个城市由铁路相连；A new road was built to connect this town to / with New York. 新修了一条大路将这个小镇与纽约连接起来；The discussion is connected with the incident. 这次争论与这件事有关；3. behave vi. & vt. （举止或行为）表现behaviour n. 态度；行为；举止He behaved badly towards the guests. 他对客人们很不礼貌；How is your new car behaving. 你的新车性能怎样
5、？She behaves as if/though nothing had happened. 她显得像是什么事也没发生过；Behave yourself; don t make a fool of yourself. 留意你的举止,别闹出笑话来；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Their behaviour towards me shows that they don t like me. 他们对我的态度说明他们不喜爱我；4. worthwhile adj. 值得的,值得干的,值得花时间 /金钱 /精力的Hel
6、ping the disabled is a worthwhile activity. 帮忙残疾人是一项很有意义的活动；The smile on her face made it all worthwhile. 她脸上的笑容使得这一切都特别值得；It s worthwhile taking / to take the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees. 给新雇员具体说明一下工作要求,费点事也是值得的；词语辨析 : worthwhile / worth / worthy worth 作形容词时,意为“ 值得 的；有 价值的” ,只能作
7、表语,其后一般接动 词-ing 的主动形式来表达被动含义,或与表示价值方面的词连用,常用 well 修饰；worthy 可作表语或定语,用作定语时,意思是“ 有价值的；值得敬重的” ；用作表语时,意思是“ 值得 的；应得到 的” 其结构为 to be done. be worthy of sth. / being done; be worthy The laptop is worth 10,000 yuan and it is well worth buying. 这台笔记本电脑值一万元,但很值得买；It s a worthy cause and is worthy of our hardwo
8、rking. 这是一份高尚的事业,值得我们努力；He who does his duty is worthy of being praised/ worthy to be praised. 凡是忠于职守的人都值得颂扬；5. observe v. 观看；观测；看到；留意到；遵守；庆祝observation n. 观看力；言论She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年时间观看并记录它们的日常活动；She observed that all that chairs were already occupie
9、d. 她发觉全部的椅子都有人坐了；He observed a stranger hanging around the store. 他看到一个生疏人在商店邻近闲逛；She observed someone open the door. 她看到有人开了门；Tom was observed to steal from the shop. 汤姆被人看到从商店里偷东西；The law must be strictly observed. 这项法律必需严格遵守；Do you observe Christmas in your country. 你们国家过圣诞节吗？6. respect 1 vt. 敬重；
10、敬重；敬重The media should respect famous people s privacy. 媒体应当敬重名人的隐私；I respect you for your honesty. 由于你为人正直,我对你特别敬重；2 n. 敬重；敬重； （pl.）问候；敬意；方面He has / shows no respect for the feelings of the others. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他不敬重别人的感情；Give my respects to your wife. 请代我向
11、你太太问好；I can t agree with your opinions in this respect. 在这一点上我不赞成你的看法；7. argue argument n. 争论；争执；辩论 1 vt. 争执；争论；辩论He argued with Mary over / about the best place for a holiday. 他和玛丽争论关于度假的最好的地方；He argued for / against the five-day week. 他赞成 /反对一周五天工作制；2 vi. 主见；认为；说服She argued that our attempt would
12、be a waste of time. 她认为我们的尝试将是铺张时间；I argued her into buying a new car. 我说服了她买一辆新车；8. support （1）支撑；爱护；抚养；赡养The chair isn t strong enough to support that heavy man. 那把椅子不够牢固,支撑不住那个大胖子；Air, food and water are necessary to support life. 空气、食物和水是爱护生命必不行缺的；He has to work hard to support his family. 他必需努力
13、工作养活一家人；2 支持；拥护；赞成His family and friends have given him lots of support. 家人和伴侣给了他很多支持；Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal. 只有几个人表示支持这个提议；I don t support his opinion. 我不赞成他的观点；9. intend vt. 意欲；方案；准备Do you intend making / to make a long stay here. 你准备在这里长待吗？He intended his son to manage
14、 the company. 他准备让他的儿子经营这家公司；The chair was intended for you, but she took it away. 那把椅子原先是为你预备的,可是让她拿走了；The meeting is intended to deal with some important problems. 开这个会的目的是想解决一些重要问题；I intended to have gone / I had intended to go to Beijing, but I didn 我本准备去北京的,但我没买到票；She intended that her daughter
15、 should study English. 她准备让她的女儿学英语；学问拓展 t get the tickets. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - intention n. 意图；准备；目的He has announced his intention to retire. 他已经宣布他要退休了；I have no intention of going to the wedding. 我无意去参与婚礼；He left England with the intention of travelling in Afri
16、ca. 他离开英国,准备去非洲旅行；10. considerate adj. 爱护的 , 体谅的 , 考虑周到的 He is always considerate to old people. 他对老人一向爱护入微；consideration n. 考虑,体谅It was very considerate of you to send me a postcard. 你想得真周到,寄给我明信片；After careful consideration, we ve decided to accept their offer. 经过谨慎考虑,我们打算接受他们的提议；John never showed
17、 any consideration for his mother s feeling. 约翰从来都不体谅他母亲的感情；Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when judging your examination results. 老师评考分时确定会考虑你最近生病的情形的；The question is now under consideration. 这个问题正在考虑之中；11. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；生（小孩） ；接生；发表（演说等）delivery n. 移交；释放The tel
18、egram was delivered early this morning. 这份电报是今日早晨送到的；Mr. Smith delivered the opening speech. 史密斯先生致开幕词；She had gone to a neighbouring village to deliver a baby. 她到邻近一个村子里帮忙接生去了；She was delivered of a healthy baby. 她生下了一个健康的婴儿；He delivered the thief over to the police. 他把小偷移交给警察；（二）重点短语 1. She also d
19、iscovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. 她仍发觉了黑猩猩之间是如何沟通的,猩的社会体系；而她对黑猩猩身势语的争论帮忙她弄清晰了黑猩work out 解决、解答、运算出；产生结果、进展；锤炼；作出、制订出I can t work out where the music was coming from. 我弄不清这音乐是从哪儿传来的；She worked out the problem
20、with no difficulty. 她毫无困难地解决了这个问题；Everything has worked out according to plan. 一切都按方案进展；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I want to try to follow David s example but it never worked out for me. 我想仿效大卫的做法,但这对我不起作用；These athletes work out at the gym for two hours every day. 这些运动
21、员每天都要在体育馆锤炼两个小时；It wasn t too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all. 没多久我们就制订出一个大家都能接受的方案；2. She is leading a busy life but she says 她过着劳碌的生活,但是她说 lead a life = live a life 过 的生活Now they have retired and want to live a quiet life. 如今他们退休了,想过一种安静的生活；Although he is very rich, he still
22、 leads a simple life. 尽管他特别富有,但他仍然过着朴素的生活；3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人； look down upon / on 藐视；轻视；瞧不起 You mustn t look down upon/ on the disabled. 你绝不能瞧不起残疾人；学问拓展 : 英语中常与 look 搭配的其它短语 We look forward to seeing you again. 我们期望着与你再次相见；The government will look into how to reduce
23、unemployment. 政府将争论如何降低失业率；They stood looking on while the man was robbed. 在那个人被抢劫时 , 他们却站在那儿袖手旁观；I look on him as a good friend. 我把他视为好友；If there are words you don t understand, look them up in a dictionary. 有生词就查字典；I look up to Bill for his courage and determination. 我敬重比尔,由于他既英勇又坚决；Tell the child
24、ren to look out when they cross the main street. 告知孩子们过大街时要当心；Every time I try to fool him, he looks through my tricks. 我每次妄想愚弄他都会被他识破；The stranger looked around/round him with great interest. 那生疏人怀着极大的爱好看着他的四周；4. If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. 假如 group（作主语）指的是各个成员
25、,谓语动词用复数；refer to 指的是：提及；谈到；提到；查阅、参考 Does your remark refer to all of us. 你的评论指的是我们全部的人吗 . We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们一样同意永久不要再提这件事了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - She referred to the subject several times during her speech. 在演讲中她好几次提到这个话题；Refer to the
26、dictionary when you don t know how to spell a word. 当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典；All his classmates referred to him as “Blackbeard. ”他的同学都称他为“ 黑胡子” ；s 5. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women diseases. 很偶然地,我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章,她是一名妇科专家；by chance=by accident
27、 偶然地,意外地I met her quite by chance/accident. 我遇见她完全是偶然的；I heard their talking by chance/accident. 我偶然听到他们的谈话； come across 偶然发觉,偶然遇见；被懂得、接受 I came across him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上无意中遇到了他；I came across her name on the list. 我无意中在名单上发觉了她的名字；He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not come
28、 across. 他讲了很久 , 但没把意思讲明白；学问拓展 英语中常与 come 搭配的短语仍有：How did the difference come about. 差别是如何产生的？The question hasn t come up yet. 问题仍没提出来；When will the dictionary come out. 那本字典什么时候出版 . 6. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work. 为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院,连续她的宏大事业呢？carry on 连
29、续；坚持We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. 尽管条件极其困难,我们必需坚持下去,直到胜利；Anyhow, we should carry on with our research. 无论如何,我们必需坚持我们的争论；If you carry on working like that, you will make yourself ill. 假如连续那样工作,你会生病的；学问拓展 英语中常与 carry 搭配的短语 I had some difficulty in carryi
30、ng out the plan. 实施这个方案我有些困难；Their faith and courage carried them through. 他们的信心和士气使他们渡过了难关；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 本单元其它重要短语fight for 为 而战 concern oneself with /about 关怀,忙于 devote to 把 贡献给 encourage sb. to do sth. 勉励某人做某事 as as possible 尽可能 地 move off 离开；启程；动身 spend
31、 some time doing sth. 花费时间做某事 set up 成立；建立 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海 say to oneself 心中暗想；自言自语 gain a doctor s degree获得博士学位 catch sb. s eye/attention 引起某人留意 second to 比 差；次于 later on 以后 can not wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事 of one s own 属于某人自己的 prepare for （使）为 作预备（三）重（难）点句型1. This means going back to t
32、he place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这就意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁；2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她母亲头几个月过来帮忙后,她才得以开头自己的方案；only + 状语,位于句首,引起部分倒装；Only in this way can we solve this p
33、roblem. 只有用这种方法,我们才能解决这个问题；Only then did I realize I was wrong. 留意：此时此刻我才意识到自己错了；Only when one loses something, can he know its value. 只有当一个人失去某样东西的时候,他才会知道它的价值；Only Tom knew the result of the football match. 只有汤姆知道那场足球竞赛的结果；3. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and
34、 caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. 这是一本小书, 介绍如何在妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率；她提出一些可以遵循的简洁的做法来保持婴儿清洁、健康,并让他们远离疾病；本句中 explaining how to cut the death rate 是 book 的后置定语, explain 与 book 构成主动关系,故用 v. ing 形式；The child standing over ther
35、e is my brother. 站在那儿的（男）孩子是我弟弟；They lived in a house facing south. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他们住在一所朝南的房子里；4. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 我突然想到,在那个岁月,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！本句中 it hit me 意为“ 我突然想到（起） ” ；It hit me all
36、 of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday. 我突然想起,我把她的生日给忘了；学问拓展 英语中类似的句型仍有：It suddenly struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到 , 我们应当制订一个新的方案；It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked. 我突然想起来忘了锁门了；5. Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as
37、well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 进一步阅读使我明白到,是苦干、决心和和善的天性使她走进了医学院的大门；在英语中,谓语受主语支配,其动词必需和主语在人称和数上保持一样,即主谓一样；一般来说,主谓一样要遵循三个原就：语法一样原就、意义一样原就和就近一样原就；（一）语法一样原就 即在语法形式上取得一样,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式打算；1. 单数名词、不行数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时,谓语 动词要用单数形式；To see is to believe.眼见为实；Reading a
38、loud is very important in learning English. 学习英语时大声朗读特别重要；When they could finish the task is not known yet. 他们何时能完成任务仍未知；Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his / her name here. 要参与竞赛的人请在这里签名；留意： what 引导的主语从句充当主语时,有时要以 动词的数；What he said is true. 他所说的是真的；What we need are more vo
39、lunteers. 我们所需要的是更多的理想者；what 所指代的词的意义来打算谓语2. 由连接词 and 或 both and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主 语时,谓语动词要用复数形式；What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students. 他说的话及行为极大地激励了其他同学；Both his father and his mother are advanced workers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者；留意： 有时, 一些用 and 连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念,形式；这时
40、谓语动词也应用单数名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （1）用 and 连接的名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念作主语时 Bread and butter is nutritious for patients. 黄油面包对病人很有养分；Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪慧；The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting. 那位书记
41、兼经理在会上讲话；+ 单数名词 ” 作（2）“ each/every/no/ many a + 单数名词 + and + each/every/no/many a 主语时 Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时,每一分钟,都很珍贵；No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall. 每个人都不答应进入大厅；3. “名词 +as well as, rather than, like, but, expect, besides, with, together with, along with
42、, 名词 ”结构作主语时,谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一样；including, in addition to+ Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个伴侣一起被邀请参与宴会了；Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the lab. 试验室只有一个老师和三个同学；4. “more than one 或 many a + 单数名词 ”作主语时,尽管其意义为复数,但谓语动词仍是 用单数形式；More than one student is a
43、gainst the decision. 不止一个同学反对这个打算；Many a page in this book is missing. 这本书缺了很多页；5. 不定代词 either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数、名词和由 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世上没有什么东西比光传播得更快；Each one of us has his own duty. 我们每个人都有自己的职责；some, any, no, every 构成的留意：如 none of 后面的
44、名词是不行数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数形式；如它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以；None of the money has been spent on repairs. 这笔钱没有花费在修理方面；None of the passengers were/was aware of the danger. 乘客中没有一个意识到危急的存在；6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词 ” 构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数 +名词 ”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要依据短语中后面名词
45、的数而定 . The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多数医生都认为吸烟有害健康；The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损害大部分都简洁补救；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The rest of the books were returned to the library. 其余的书都归仍给图书馆了；The rest of the money was given to the villagers. 其余的钱都给了村民；7. “large amount of + 不行数名词 ” 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式；“large amounts of +不行数名词 ”结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式；类似的结构仍有“a large quantity of +可数/不行数名词 ”结构（谓语动词用单数）语动词用复数形式） ；以及 “ large