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1、. . 电机使用说明书 Operating Manual 概述本说明书适用于我公司生产的YX3 、YET 、Y2、YVP 、YD系列低压三相异步电动机及其派生系列产品Overview The manual serves YX3 、YET 、Y2、YVP 、YD Series low voltage asynchronous motors and its derivative products as well. 开始使用Putting into use (starting) 收货检查Reception check 收到电机后立即检查是否有损坏，如发现请立即拨打电话：0086-21-6463-17
2、77 ，或发传真至 0086-21-6463-7180 ，检查铭牌数据特别是额定电压、接线方式（星形或三角形）是否与合同订货要求相符，用手转动电机轴检查轴转动是否灵活。Immediately check the motor for external damage upon receipt and if found, please inform us by telephone or fax without delay (Tel:0086-21-6463-1777, Fax:0086-21-6463-7180). Check all rating plate data, especially vo
3、ltage and winding connection (star or delta). Turn shaft by hand to check for free rotation. 绝缘电阻检查Insulation resistance check 在电机调试前或怀疑线圈受潮时要测量电机的绝缘电阻，在25时的绝缘电阻值应超过以下表达式的值，表达式中：Measure the motors insulation resistance before commissioning or when winding dampness is suspected. insulation Resistance
4、, measured at 25C, shall exceed the following reference value, i.e. where：R：单位兆欧（用 500V绝缘电阻表测量）U表示电压，单位 V P表示功率，单位 kW R: M( measured with 500 V dc Megger ) U = voltage, Volts; P = output power, kW. 警告：测量完绝缘电阻后应立即将测量线从电机上断开，以免线圈再次受到高电压冲击。 环境温度每升高 20，绝缘电阻将降低一半， 如果绝缘电阻值达不到计算值，表明线圈已经100 P 1000+ R= U 名师资
5、料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 受潮需进行烘干处理。先在90温度下烘 12-16小时再在 105下烘 6-8小时。WARNING Windings should be discharged immediately after measurement to avoid risk for electric shock. Insulation resistance reference value is halved
6、 for each 20C rise in ambient temperature. If the reference resistance value is not attained, the winding is too damp and must be oven dried. Oven temperature should be 90C for 12-16 hours followed by 105C for 6-8 hours. 电机启动Motor starting 单速电机启动（直接或 Y/? 启动）标准单速三相异步电动机的出线盒内有6个接线头和至少 1个接地接头，接地须根据操作规程
7、在电机接上电源前进行，接线方式和电压应根据接线指示牌及铭牌指示。Start of single speed motor (Direct-on-line or star/delta starting) The terminal box on standard single speed motors normally contains 6 winding terminals and at least one earth terminal. Earthing shall be carried out according to local regulations before the machine
8、is connected to the power supply . The voltage and connection are stamped on the nameplate. 出线与旋转方向电机的旋转方向：当相序为 L1、L2、L3时，在电机拖动端面对轴伸视为顺时针旋转。如要改变转向， 只需改变任意两根电源电缆的相序，如果单向旋转的电机， 需检查电机转向是否与指示牌上的方向一致。（接线应严格按照接线盒中示意图）Terminals and direction of rotation Direction of rotation is clockwise when viewing the s
9、haft face at the motor drive end, when the line phase sequence L1, L2, L3 is connected to the terminals as shown in the figure. To alter the direction of rotation, interchange the connection of any two-line cables. For the unidirectional motor, check that the direction of rotation is according to th
10、e arrow marked on the direction board. （The terminals shall be connected in strict accordance with the terminal box drawing. ）多速电机启动多速电机一般应低速档启动后切换到高速，对多套绕组的变速电机在不同转速档切换时，应在一绕组断电后才能向另一绕组送电。Start-up of multi-speed motor The multispeed motor should start at low-speed then shifted to high-speed. For mu
11、ltispeed motors that with many separate windings the speed shift shall be fulfilled when one winding has to be lost power. 示意图 1: 定速电机（ /Y）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . Fig 1: Fixed motor （/Y）应为U1 V1 W1 U2 V2 W2 示意图 2
12、：单绕组双速（ /YY）Fig 2: Single-winding double speed 示意图 3: 单绕组双速（Y/YY）Fig 3: Single-winding double speed 示意图 4：双绕组双速（ Y/Y）Fig4: Double-winding double speed 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 变频电机启动变频电机启动时，电机冷却风机也必须同时启动。冷却风机应接工频
13、电源，其转向必须与风机外壳上的指示矢方向一致.VVVF 变频器可以转矩提升以提高启动转矩，提升电压的幅度应不大于 10% ，且起动电流不大于额定电流的1.5 倍。变频器的开关频率设置应不小于1.5kHz。Start-up of variable frequency motor When the variable frequency motor starts, the cooling blower shall starts simultaneously. The cooling blower must be connected to the power frequency supply, and
14、 the rotating direction shall be as specified in the nameplate of blower. Adjust the value of v/f, the motor can obtain different start performance, but if over compensate of voltage will cause overload.使用运行条件电机是用来驱动其他机械， 通常环境温度为 -25C 到 +40C， 海拔高度为 1000米以下。（当环境温度与海拔高度不符合上述规定时，铭牌上会注明）Use Operating co
15、nditions The motors are intended for use in industrial drive applications. Normal ambient temperature limits -25C to +40 C. Maximum altitude 1000 m above sea level. When ambient temperature and altitude are not same as the requirement said above, the special note will be showed on the nameplate. 处理储
16、存所有电机应储存于干燥 , 通风以及干净的室内，裸露的表面如轴伸和法兰面应涂以防锈脂。建议定期用手转动电机轴，以免润滑脂流掉，带有加热器的应接通加热器。Handling Storage 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . All motors should be stored indoors, in dry, well ventilation and dust free conditions. Unprot
17、ected machined surfaces (shaft-ends and flanges) should be given anti-corrosion coatings. It is recommended that shafts be rotated periodically by hand to prevent grease migration. Anti condensation heaters, if fitted, should preferably be energized. 3.4 储存超过一年的，须检查润滑脂，如润滑脂已变质干涸或弄脏，应先用煤油清洗，然后用汽油清洗轴承
18、后再加入新的润滑脂。每个轴承应加新脂的重量W可参考如下公式：W=D B/K（g）式中： D为轴承外径（ mm ），B为轴承宽度（ mm ）系数K=100200 按工作状况选取。（工作状况恶劣应取较大值）。一般情况， 2极电机加润滑脂量为轴承室空腔容积的1/2 ，4极以上为轴承室的 2/3 。3.4 Storage over one year: The check should be made for grease, if it is dried or dirty, it should be washed by kerosene first, then gasoline, then put ne
19、w grease on bearings. The weight of the grease added can be set by the following formula: W=DB/K（g） D: OD of the bearing（mm ）, B: Width of the bearing （mm ） K: 100-200 based on work conditions. In general, the grease should be filled into 1/2 of bearing room for 2 poles motor, and 2/3 for 4 poles an
20、d above. 安装基础买方要准备好电机的基础， 金属结构的基础应涂以防锈漆防止被腐蚀。电机基础应平整，并有足够的刚度承受突然短路产生的应力，要计算其尺寸以避免因共振引起基础振动。Installation Foundation The purchaser bears full responsibility for preparation of the foundation. Metal foundations should be painted to avoid corrosion. Foundations shall be even, and sufficiently rigid to w
21、ithstand possible short circuit forces. They shall be dimensioned as to avoid the occurrence of vibration due to resonance. 联接电动机可以用联轴器、 正齿轮及皮带轮传动， 对于功率大转速较高的电动机应尽量避免采用皮带传动方式， 如必须采用皮带传动方式的应在订货时注明，皮带传动时应防止预拉力过大发生断轴。 联轴器、正齿轮及皮带轮安装时应采用热套方法，严禁重力敲击方法冷装传动件。校正中心校正电机安装中心有利于避免轴承发生故障、振动和可能发生的轴伸断裂事故。采用联轴器传动时，
22、通常两联轴器的水平偏差不大于0.05 0.1mm ，轴向偏差不大于 0.1mm 。采用皮带传动时， 要求皮带轮轴向中心与电机轴伸的轴向中心重合，且皮带中心线与轴中名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 心线垂直。Alignment Correct alignment is essential to avoid bearing failures, vibrations and possible fractured
23、 shaft extensions. 接线通常出线盒在电机的顶部，还有其他位置可供样本选择（在电机拖动端面对轴伸视）。除了绕组和接地，出线盒还可以接停机加热器、双金属温度开关或PT100 测温元件等。Connection The normal motor design is with terminal box on the top, when viewing the shaft at the motor drive end. Availability of these solutions is described in the product catalogues. Besides the m
24、ain winding and earthing terminals， the terminal box can also contain connections for standstill heating elements, bimetallic switches, or PT 100 resistance elements. 装配与拆卸概述装配与拆卸工作必须有资格的专业人员使用专用工具和合适的工作方法来进行。并参考电机总装标准图。Assembly and dismantling General Dismantling and assembly of motors must be carr
25、ied out by qualified personnel using only suitable tools and working methods and refer to the motor assembly standard drawings. 轴承拆卸轴承时必须特别注意，应该使用轴承拉脚并加热或使用专用工具。Bearings Special care shall be taken with the bearings. Bearings shall be removed using pullers and fitted by heating or the use of special
26、ized tools for the purpose. 平衡电机出厂前已经进行了转子动平衡Balancing The rotor of the motor is dynamically balanced. 维护与更换润滑油一般检查- 在计划停机时检查- 保持电机清洁，确保良好通风名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . - 检查轴承密封状态，如有必要即进行更换。- 检查各连接、地脚及装配螺栓。- 通过听声音、测量
27、振动、轴承温度以及检查润滑油是否过期来检测轴承的状态。Maintenance and lubrication General inspection - Inspect the machine at regular intervals. - Keep the machine clean and ensure free ventilation air-flow. - Check the condition of shaft seals and replace if necessary. - Check the condition of connections and mounting and as
28、sembly bolts. - Check the bearing condition by listening for unusual noise, vibration measurement, bearing temperature, inspection of spent grease. 更换润滑油装有密封轴承的电机中心高在 160mm 以下的电机装有密封轴承，装有密封轴承的电机在运行期间不必加油。Lubrication Motors with sealed bearings Motors which the center height is less than 160 mm are n
29、ormally fitted with sealed bearings. It doesnt need regreased during operation 带加油口的电机中心高 180355的电机轴承通常配有加油口，可以在电机运行时加润滑脂。一般勤加脂，每次加少量。Motors fitted with grease nipples Motors with center height from 180 to 355 mm is normally fitted with grease nipples. Lubricate it by grease frequently while running
30、, but once a little. 更换润滑脂时间间隔如下：Guidelines for re-greasing intervals are as below: 电机中心高mm 补充润滑脂量（克g）电机转速 r/min 3000 1500 1000 500-900 轴承补充润滑脂时间间隔180 20 3500 5500 6500 8500 200,225 25 3100 5000 6000 7000 250,280 35 2000 5000 6000 7000 315 50 2000 3000 3500 4500 355 60 1000 2000 3000 4000 名师资料总结 - -
31、 -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . Centerline Height mm Amount of grease (g) Speed r/min 3000 1500 1000 500-900 Bearings Lubrication intervals in duty hours180 20 3500 5500 6500 8500 200,225 25 3100 5000 6000 7000 250,280 35 2000 50
32、00 6000 7000 表格中的数据适合于卧式安装的电机，对于立式安装的电机， 其时间间隔为相应表格中的一半，如果按照上述时间间隔加油，加油量可以参照表格内的数据。如果电机装有放油孔，更换润滑油时要等到原来的油全部被挤出后才算完成。对于使用于较高环境温度及轴承温度达 80以上，则应相应缩短加油时间。The table is prepared for horizontally mounted motors. Lubrication intervals for vertical motors are half of the above values. The grease amount in t
33、he table is used if according to the regular intervals as above. As an alternative, when the machine is fitted with grease escape valves, fresh grease may be pressed into the bearings until the old grease is totally replaced. The motor, which is running under high ambient temperature or the bearing
34、temperature is more than 80 C, should shorten the re-greasing intervals correspondingly. 故障分析及处理 Trouble shooting 电气故障见表 1。Normal electrical failure, see table 1.表1 Table 1 A Can not be started B Hard to accelerate C Abnormal noise (buzz) when starting D Abnormal noise (buzz) when running E Double f
35、requency slip buzz noise F Over heat without loading G Over heat with loading H Over heat for individual winding A 电机起动B 电机加速C 起动时发D 运行中发E 双倍频转F 无载运行G 有载绕组H 个别绕组可能出现的原因Possible cause 处理方法Treatment 315 50 2000 3000 3500 4500 355 60 1000 2000 3000 4000 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
36、- - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 失灵困难嗡嗡声嗡嗡声差嗡嗡声时温度过高运行时温度过高截面过热过载 Overload 降低负载 Reduce load 一相电源断路Open circuit of one phase 检查配电设备和馈电电路Check power supply circuit and controller switching equipment. 接通后一相电源开路Open circuit of one phase after power on 改善供电系统条件Correct the p
37、ower supply system (单元格问题 ) 电源网电压低， 或频率高 Network voltage too low, or frequency too high 电源网电压高， 或频率低 Network voltage too high, or frequency too low 定子绕组联接错误Stator winding wrong connection 改正绕组的联接 Correct the connection of winding 定子绕组匝间或相间短路Stator winding interturn or phase short circuit 检查绕组的绝缘电阻，
38、询问制造公司后修理Check windings insulation resistance and repair after inquiring about the manufacturer 鼠笼导条细条、断条Thin cage conducting bar broken 询问制造公司后修理Repair after inquiring about the manufacturer 变频电源谐波所致Caused by harmonic of inverter power supply 询问变频器厂商Inquiring the inverter manufacturer 名师资料总结 - - -精
39、品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 机械故障见表 2。Normal mechanical troubles, see table 2.表2 Table 2 A Frictional noise B Overheat C Over runout in radius D Over runout in axis 机械故障Mechanical failure 故障产生的原因Possible cause 处理的方法Treatment A 摩擦
40、噪声B 温度过高C 径向跳动D 轴向跳动风路受阻，旋转方向不对Poor ventilation, or wrong rotation 检 查 风 道 ， 调 换 转 向Check ventilation duct and Correct it 转动零件受到磨擦Moving parts worn out 查 明 原 因 ， 重 新 找 正Check and correct it 转子不平衡Rotor imbalance 卸下转子，重新找正 Disassembly the rotor and correct it 耦合机械不平衡Coupler imbalance 重新平衡耦合机械 Correct
41、it 转子部分不正，轴弯曲Rotor problem, or bending 和制造厂研究决定 Call factory 装配和调整不当Incorrect assembly and adjustment 查明原因，重新校正电机，检查耦合件Check and recalibrate motor ,and check coupler 传动机构的干扰Interference of drive mechanism 检查传动机构 Check and correct it 地基振动Foundation vibration 加固基础 Reinforce foundation. 地基变形Foundation
42、distortion 查清原因，重新调整电机 Find out the reason and readjust motor 来自耦合机械的冲击Impact from coupled mechanical 检 查 耦 合 机 械Check coupled mechanical 过载 Overload 减低负载 Reduce load 轴承故障见表 3 Normal bearing troubles, see table 3名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 1
43、2 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 表3 Table 3 A Overheat B With squeal noise C With knock noise 轴承故障现象Bearing trouble 故障产生的原因Possible cause 故障处理方法Treatment A 轴承过热B 轴承有尖叫声C 轴承有磕碰声滚珠（柱）的油膜耗尽， 润滑中断No grease 补充润滑脂 Refill it. 联轴器传来的应力Stress from coupler 调 整 电 机 的 同 心 度Adjust motor concentricity 轴承弄脏或润滑脂过多Dirty, o
44、r over greased 清理或更换润滑脂，检查密封零件Clean or replace grease and check seal part 内盖研轴或润滑方法不当Inner cover contact shaft, or wrong lubrication 停机修理，检查轴承或润滑，按说明书润滑Stop and check bearing or lubrication, and lubricate according to the instructions 轴承安装不正Wrong bearing installation 检查装配情况是否正确，调整安装Check installatio
45、n and correct it. 轴承游隙太小Too small back lash bearing 换大游隙轴承Change a bearing with big back lash 轴承游隙过大Too big back lash bearing 换小游隙轴承Change a bearing with small back lash 进油温度高、油量小、压力小Inlet oil with higher temp, less quantity and pressure. 检查油路系统，使其达到说明书要求Check the oil-way and correct it to meet inst
46、ructions requirement 轴承磨损Bearing worn out 换新轴承，停机状态避免振动Replace new bearing, avoid vibration in down state 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - . . 轴承腐蚀Bearing corrosion 换新轴承，检查密封状态Replace new bearing, and check sealing 皮带压力过大Ov
47、er high pressure on belt 减小皮带的压力Reduce belts pressure 环境温度高于 40Ambient temperature over 40采用耐高温润滑脂Use heat resisting grease 电磁中心不对齐Wrong electromagnetic center 调整铁心位置Adjust motor cores position 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -