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1、Section Prereading (Warming Up & Reading)课前预习自测全球在变暖这会带来什么影响吗？在20世纪期间，地球温度大约升了华氏1度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表1)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。表1：18602000年长期平均温度差所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。
2、这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为温室效应的自然现象。这种现象发生在大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸气等)吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖的时候。如果没有这种温室效应，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要这些气体。当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。”我们知道，在过去100150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯基林的科学家曾经把19571997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发
3、现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从315/1,000，000上升到370/1,000,000。(见表2)表2：19571997年大气中的二氧化碳含量所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到11.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为气温升高5度的趋势可能导致一场大灾难。她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导
4、致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疫病和物种的灭绝。另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”温室气体继续在大气中聚集。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不
5、采取任何措施危险性会很大呢？课堂合作探究1.We depend_on energy to do many things in our daily lives.(教材P25)在我们的日常生活中，我们依靠能源去做很多事情。depend on 依靠，信赖；相信；取决于，由决定Children depend_on their parents for food and clothing.孩子们靠父母供给衣食。Whether you can win the prize depends_on your behavior.你是否能赢得这个奖取决于你的表现。You can depend_on_it_that h
6、e will come here on time.你可以相信，他会准时来这儿的。名师点津depend on的近义短语有rely on/count on, 其中on可换为upon。【即景活用】单句语法填空Norways economy is heavily _ (depend) on natural resources.She would like to be financially _ (depend)You may depend on _ that he will join our club.Ants live in societies in which they depend on one
7、 another _ (keep) things going well.Whatever they do, wolves always depend on the group _ their victory.答案：dependentindependentitto keepfor2Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home, school, or any other places you can think of.(教材P25)列个清单，列出在你的家里、学校或者你能想到的其他任何地方消耗能源的东西。consume vt.消
8、费；消耗；耗尽；吃完Only 27% of the paper we consume is recycled.我们消耗的纸张只有27%得到回收利用。He was_consumed_with guilt after the accident.这次意外事故发生后，他心里充满了内疚。【即景活用】单句语法填空The meat was declared unfit for human _ (consume). _ (consume) will soon be paying higher airfares.答案：consumptionConsumers课文预学检测.FastreadingRead the
9、text quickly and then try to write down the main idea.The passage is mainly about _ of the earth.答案：the warming.CarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the passage.1Who was it that found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1977?AGeorge Hambley. BSophie Armstron
10、g.CDr Janice Foster. DCharles Keeling.答案：D2From the text, we can see the author agrees that _.Aactually global warming is good for manBwe should do nothing about the global warmingCcatastrophe will happen if the globe keeps on warmingDa lot remains to be found out about the effects of global warming
11、答案：D3Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?AThe temperature rose 5 degree Fahrenheit from 1860 to 2000.BThe carbon dioxide content in the air increased by 70 parts per million from 1957 to 1997.CAll the scientists accept the data made by Charles Keeling.DJanice Foster
12、 says that more carbon dioxide will make plants grow faster.答案：C4According to the passage, the global warming is mainly due to _.Aburning fossil fuelBhuman activityChaving too much carbon dioxide in the skyDsome catastrophes答案：B课后演练提能基础题.单词拼写1(2017江苏高考)First they collected sound _ (数据) from 67 nests
13、 in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.答案：data2(2017北京高考)The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous _ (趋势)答案：trend3Im sorry Im totally _ (反对的) to your opinion.答案：opposed4The heavy rain has caused_ (洪水) in many parts of the country.答案：floods5A _ (一瞥) a
14、t my watch showed that it was nearly five and I was bored to death.答案：glance6As a _ (结果) of enjoying the paintings, Shelley wanted to become an artist.答案：consequence7Your blood pressures well within the normal _ (范围)答案：range8They just made a _ (随机的) selection of women who were in the shop.答案：random9
15、Judging from the new _ (现象), a terrible storm is on its way here.答案：phenomenon10What do we do with the spent nuclear _(燃料)?答案：fuel.单句语法填空1We may depend on _ that our teacher will help us if necessary.答案：it2A salesmans job is to seek out more _ (consume)答案：consumers3Faced with difficulties, you just
16、need to keep _ trying.答案：on4He laughed so hard that he grabbed the door knob to keep himself _ falling.答案：from5Even _ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.答案：though/if6The cat stayed well out of _ (range) of the children.答案：range7He _ (subscribe) a lot of money to the l
17、ocal hospital.答案：subscribed8Jack is very _ (mildly) and doesnt get angry easily.答案：mild9Lot of villagers chose to leave because their houses were ruined in the _ (flood)答案：floods10Every time Jenny spoke of studying abroad, her mother was _ (oppose) to it.答案：opposed能力题.阅读理解(2019湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第一次大联考)No
18、t only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a ki
19、nd of water bottle called Ooho.It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane (薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth
20、. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons,
21、music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.The team has been working for the past two years to develop th
22、e technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at e
23、vents in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.Ooho is catching many peoples attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumers interest while the production machi
24、ne is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Skipping Rocks Lab发明的新型水瓶环保储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带水的球面薄膜，制作成本低廉，强韧、环保而且可食用。1How is most plastic dealt with in America?AIts sold. BIts recycled.CIts buried. DIts wasted.
25、答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.”可知，在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，故选D。2Why did the team invent Ooho?ATo make a profit for a company.BTo protect the environment.CTo make people
26、 eat as they drink.DTo reduce the cost of plastic bottles.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water”和第二段中的“And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.”可知，Skipping Rocks Lab发明新型环保的储水容器Ooho的目
27、的是保护环境，故选B。3What can we infer about Ooho from the text?AIt is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.BIt has become popular since it began to be sold.CIt might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.DIt cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The price for
28、an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles.”可知，制造储水容器Ooho的成本比塑料矿泉水瓶低得多，因此可以推断出其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选C。4What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?AOoho is to be a success in the fu
29、ture.BOoho is being supported by smart people.COoho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.DOoho is being produced to attract more investors.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“It is quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.”可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选A。
30、1tear v. 撕裂；撕破 2.bubble n. 泡，水泡3advancement n. 进步；进展1run into 遇见 2.large amounts of 大量的3account for 解释.完形填空In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be _1_.Today things are _2_： the world has be
31、come too _3_. We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are _4_ our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, humans on the earth will not _5_.Everyone _6_ today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Howeve
32、r, with modern fishing _7_， more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, _8_ will disappear. Yet, we _9_ to use bigger and more powerful machines to _10_ more and more trees.We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. _11_， i
33、n most countries wastes are _12_ put into rivers or into the sea, and there are _13_ laws to stop this. We know, too, that if the _14_ of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough food. What can we do to _15_ these problems?If we eat more vegetables and
34、 less _16_， there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops _17_ five times more people than land where animals are kept. Our natural resources will _18_ longer if we learn to recycle them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of
35、birth _19_.Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and cleaner _20_ in the future.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要论述在社会取得进步，物质文明高度发达的今天，环境遭到了巨大破坏，我们应该采取哪些措施来保护环境。1A.beautiful Bunlimited Crare Dvaluable答案：B在过去人少的时候，自然资源似乎是无穷尽的(unlimited)。2A.common Bsame Cchangeable Ddiffer
36、ent答案：D本段描述的情形与上一段形成对比，今天形势发生了变化，与以前不同(different)了。3A.crowded Bsmall Cdirty Dbusy答案：A今天的世界由于人口增长而变得很拥挤(crowded)。这与上文中的人少形成对比。4A.protecting Bsaving Cpolluting Dfighting答案：C根据下文中描述的人类的行为可知，今天很多危险的化学品在污染(pollute)着环境。5A.breathe Bsurvive Cdrink Dmove答案：B前半句的this代替人类污染环境的事实，如果继续这样下去，生存在地球上的人类将不能存活(survive
37、)下去。6A.wonders Brealizes Cconsiders Ddiscovers答案：B根据下一段中的第一句可知，现在每个人都已经意识到(realize)这类问题的严重性。7A.poles Bboats Cmethods Dideas答案：C利用现代的捕鱼方法(method)，越来越多的鱼被捕获。8A.mountains Bthe sea Ctrees Dforests答案：D由常识可知，将太多的树砍伐后，森林将会消失。9A.continue Bstop Ckeep Dremain答案：Ayet表示转折关系，说明人们还是在继续用强有力的机器砍伐越来越多的树木，continue to
38、 do “继续做”。10A.build up Bgrow up Csave up Dcut down答案：D根据句意可知，此处表示用强有力的机器砍伐越来越多的树。cut down “砍伐”。11A.Thus BHowever CSo DTherefore答案：B根据逻辑关系可知，本句与上句之间存在转折关系，however为副词，表示转折。12A.still Beven Calso Dcertainly答案：A根据前后语境可知，大多数国家虽然意识到这个问题，但是依然(still)向河里或海里倾倒垃圾。13A.many Blittle Csome Dfew答案：D根据前后语境可知，就目前来说，关于
39、这一方面的法律还太少(few)，还不能制止这类事情的发生。14A.production Bpollution Cpopulation Dpronunciation答案：C本文讲述的是人与生存环境问题，所以此处指的是如果人口(population)继续增加，人类将很快没有食物可吃。15A.work Bdeal Csolve Dserve答案：C下文提出了解决这类问题的方法，所以在此以疑问的形式引出问题，如何解决(solve)这些问题。16A.fruit Bmeat Cfish Dgrain答案：B根据下一句中的“than land where animals are kept”可知，本句旨在鼓励
40、人们少吃肉(meat)。17A.feeds Bincreases Csupplies Dhelps答案：A该句是一个比较结构，同样的土地种植庄稼养活的人更多。feed “养活，供养”，符合语境。18A.use Bstay Ckeep Dlast答案：D如果我们学会回收利用，我们的自然资源将会持续(last)更长时间。19A.control Bborn Cplan Dreward答案：A如果用现代节育手段控制人口出生，世界人口的数量将不会如此快地上升。birth control “节育”。20A.nature Bsea Cplanet Dforest答案：C如果我们教会人们考虑这些问题，我们将来
41、会有一个更美好、更清洁的星球(planet)。.短文改错(2018郑州模拟)In the past two years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we went to the farm, where we learned to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for such a long time, we
42、are so happy to go to the countryside. After we got there, we were divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug hole, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes, put the earth back and pushed them down hard. We were all busy working as
43、 all the work was done. Though we were tired out, we felt pleased on our way back to home.答案：In the past two years, our school organized many activities. What impressed me most was an activity “Learning to Farm”. an autumn afternoon, we went to farm, where we learned to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for such a long time, we so happy to go to the countryside. After we got there, we were divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, som