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1、Section The Language Points of Reading课前重点检测.重点词汇1consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumer (n.) 消费者2graph (n.) 图表；坐标图；曲线图3random (adj.) 胡乱的；任意的4phenomenon (n.) 现象phenomena (复数)现象5subscribe (vt.) 签署(文件)；捐助 (vi.) 同意；捐赠；订阅6quantity (n.) 量；数量quality (n.) 质量7tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理tendency (n.) 趋势8data
2、(n.) 资料；数据9oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的10mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的11consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响consequently (adv.) 因此；所以12state (vt.) 陈述；说明statement (n.) 说明；说法；表白13range (n.) 种类；范围14glance (vi.) 扫视；看一下 (n.) 一瞥15steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地16result_in导致17subscribe_t
3、o 同意；赞助；订阅18quantities_of 大量的19go_up 上升；增长；升起20tend_to 往往；倾向于21keep_on 持续22build_up 积累；增强23be_opposed_to 反对24come_about 发生25even_if 即使.教材原句1We depend on energy _ (do) many things in our daily lives.答案：to do2Make a list of the things _ consume energy in your home, school, or any other places you can
4、think of.答案：that3So _ has this come about and does it matter?答案：how4There is no doubt _ the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity _ has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.答案：that; that5The problem begins when we add huge _ (quantity)
5、 of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.答案：quantities6It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere _ (cause) the global temperature to go up.答案：causing7They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted _ this increase in carbon dioxid
6、e.答案：in8On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, _ are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.答案：who9They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental _ (consequence)答案：consequences10It will make pl
7、ants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a _ (great) range of animalsall of _ will make life for human beings better.答案：greater; which课堂分段精讲第1段1So how has this come_about and does it matter？(教材P26)那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？come about 发生；造成The driver wouldnt tell me how the acci
8、dent came_about.司机就是不告诉我事故是怎样发生的。How_did_it_come_about_that you were an hour late?你怎么会迟到一小时？Generally speaking, magazines come_out at stated periods.一般来说，杂志定时出版。名师点津come about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态中，常指事情不受人控制地突然发生。常用句型：How did it come about that .？“是怎么发生的？”；It came about that . “发生了”。辨析：happen, break out
9、, take place, come about与occurhappen普通用语。指偶然、意外的，未能预见事情的发生或出现。其后接不定式或用在“It happens/happened that .”句型中续表break out指“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发”take place指“按计划、安排做”；可引申为“进行，举行”come about表示“发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句中occur可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；occur还表示“突然想到”，常用于“It occurs/occurred to sb. that .”句型中Ill n
10、ever understand how it came_about that you were late three times a week.我永远不会理解你怎么会一周迟到三次。A leap year occurs every four years.每四年出现一次闰年。【即景活用】单句写作已经10点了。我在想那么短的路途她迟到两小时是怎么回事。Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.我偶然遇见了那个正睡在桥下的孩子。I _ the child sleep
11、ing under the bridge.在激烈讨论之后，我们找到了这个问题的解决方法。After a heated discussion, we _ the solution to the question.我突然想到第二天晚上将有一场中国队和韩国队的篮球比赛。It suddenly _ me that there would be a basketball match between China and South Korea the next evening.答案：came aboutcame acrosscame up withoccurred to第2段2There_is_no_do
12、ubt_that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.(教材P26)毫无疑问，地球是在转暖(见表1)，全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。There is no doubt that . 毫无疑问剖析此句为主从复合句，名词doubt后面为that引导的两个并列的同位语从句。构成结构：There is no doubt tha
13、t . “毫无疑问”。There_is_no_doubt_that the Syrians have suffered a lot from the war.毫无疑问，叙利亚人民因为战争而遭受了很多痛苦。There_is_some_doubt_whether these creatures can understand our means of communication.这些生物能否懂得我们的交流方式值得怀疑。I_doubt_whether/if he can come on time.我怀疑他能否按时来。His honesty is beyond_doubt.他的诚实毋庸置疑。名师点津及物
14、动词doubt后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。【即景活用1】单句写作He had his doubts _ (他们是否会给) him another chance to have a try.He is _ (毫无疑问) the cleverest student Ive ever taught.Their acceptance of the contract is still _ (不确定)答案：whether they would givewithout doubtin
15、 doubtrandom adj.胡乱的；任意的The information is processed in a random order. 信息是按随机顺序处理的。He took a book at_random from the shelf.他从书架上随便拿了一本书。【即景活用2】单句语法填空The terrorists fired into the crowd _ random.Names were chosen _ (random) from a list.答案：atrandomly第3段3All scientists subscribe_to the view that the i
16、ncrease in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.(教材P26)所有科学家都同意这个观点，即地球温度的升高，是由于人们燃烧像煤、天然气和石油这样的化石燃料来生产能量而引起的。subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购；定期捐款给If you subscribe_to the newspaper, itll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅报纸，它会被送到门口的。He subs
17、cribes_to an environmental action group.他定期捐钱给一个环保行动组织。I have never subscribed_to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.我从未赞同过这样的看法，认为学生时代是一生中最快乐的日子。【即景活用】单句语法填空I subscribed _ a monthly magazine.The number of phone _ (subscribe) increased last month.答案：tosubscribers4The problem
18、 begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(教材P26)当我们在大气层中增加了大量的额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就来了。quantity n数量Quality instead of quantity should be focused on for the sustainable development of the industry.为了工业的可持续发展，应当关注质而不是量。Quantities_of food and tents were sent to the disast
19、er area.大量的食品和帐篷被运到灾区。A_large_quantity_of books have been offered to us.大量的书被提供给我们。Buy vegetables in_small_quantities,_for your immediate use.蔬菜不要多买，现买现用。名师点津(1)a quantity of与quantities of后可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。(2)“a quantity of不可数名词/可数名词复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数依据of后名词的形式而定。“quantities of不可数名词或可数名词复数形式”作主语时，谓
20、语动词均用复数。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空He consumed a large quantity _ alcohol.Huge quantities of oil _ (be) spilling into the sea at present.答案：ofare(2)单句改错A large quantity of air conditioners has been sold since June._答案：hashave5It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the globa
21、l temperature to go_up.(教材P26)这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理My family tend_to be quite longlived. 我家族的人大都相当长寿。His views tend_towards the extreme.他的观点趋于偏激。Doctors and nurses tended to the injured.医生和护士护理伤员。【即景活用1】单句语法填空She tends _ (get) angry when others disagree with her.A shep
22、herd tends _ the sheep.The drug is effective but has a _ (tend) to cause headaches.答案：to gettotendencygo up 上升；增长；升起We watched the national flag go_up slowly with pride.我们自豪地注视着国旗慢慢升起。Dont go_against your parents wishes.不要违背父母的意愿。Be sure you are right, then go_ahead.确信正确，切莫畏缩。It will be wise to go_o
23、ver your test paper again.还是把你的考卷再检查一遍的好。The country has gone_through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。名师点津go up为不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态中。【即景活用2】单句写作价格已经上涨到每分钟1.95美元，这超过了我的支付能力。The cost has _ $1.95 a minute. Its beyond my ability to pay.她担心没有鞋子能和她的礼服相配。She was worried about _ her dress.随着岁月的流逝，祖母的身体也越发瘦弱了。My gra
24、ndmother was becoming weaker _.答案：gone up tonot having shoes to go withas time went by第5段6They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.(教材P26)他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。result in 导致图解助记辨析：result in, result from, as
25、a result与as a result ofresult in表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果result from意为“因而发生”，主语为结果，宾语为起因as a result意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和句子隔开as a result of意为“作为的结果”，即由某事引起Stress and tiredness often result_in a lack of concentration.紧张和疲劳常导致人精神不集中。The terrible accident resulted_from his carelessness.那起可怕的意外
26、事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。Tom broke his legs, as_a_result,_he was taken to hospital.汤姆的腿骨折了，因此被送进了医院。As_a_result_of her hard work, she was finally admitted to her ideal university.她勤奋苦读，终于考进了她理想的大学。He went over each number again, but without_result.他把每个数字又检查了一遍，却仍没有结果。【即景活用】单句写作导致两人死亡的事故源于粗心驾驶。The accident that
27、resulted _ the death of two persons resulted _ careless driving.结果，坏事变成了好事。_， the bad thing turned into a good one.这场冲突使他同时失去了住所和生计来源。_ this conflict, he lost both his home and his means of business.答案：in; fromAs a resultAs a result of 第6段7On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who
28、 are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(教材P27)在另一方面，还有一些人，像乔治汉布利，反对这个观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中有高含量的二氧化碳。oppose vt.反对；对抗；与(某人)较量Many people are_opposed_to any change to the current legislation.许多人反对对当前立法进行任何改动。I oppose your going there alo
29、ne.我反对你单独去那里。名师点津“反对/同意(做)某事”的多种表达：(1)“反对(做)某事”的表达有：be opposed to (doing) sth., oppose (doing) sth., object to (doing) sth., be against (doing) sth.。(2)“同意(做)某事”的表达有：agree to do sth., be in favour of sth., be for (doing) sth., subscribe to sth.。【即景活用】单句语法填空It was not the plan that we were opposed _.
30、After the professor was opposed to _ (carry) out the project, the media focused on it.The effect of the medication was _ (oppose) to that intended.答案：tocarryingopposite8They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.(教材P27)他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。consequence
31、n结果；后果；影响Dont be uneasy about the consequences.不必为后果忧虑不安。We didnt have enough money to pay our bus fare, and in_consequence we had to walk.我们没有足够的钱买车票，所以只能步行。He is a man of_little_consequence in the Labour Party.他是工党中无足轻重的人物。He had been ill for a long time and consequently he was behind in his work.
32、他病了很久，因此耽误了功课。【即景活用】单句语法填空In _ (consequent) of his hard work, he was awarded heavily by the committee.I dont suppose it is of _ consequence now.答案：consequenceany9In fact, Hambley states,_“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it
33、will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better.”(教材P27)实际上，汉布利是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还能促进动物的增多所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”state vt.陈述；说明The witness stated that he had not seen the woman before.该证人说他从未见过这个女人。The roads are in_a terrible state after the
34、 severe winter weather.严冬过后，这些公路的路况很差。We must pay taxes to the state.我们应该向国家交税。【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空Having witnessed the accident, I thought it was my duty to make a _ (state) to the police. She wept to see him _ such a miserable state.答案：statementin(2)单句写作据称，那家医院的医疗水准在不断下降。_ that standards at the hospit
35、al were dropping.答案：It was statedrange n种类；范围图解助记The elegant lady came within_my_range_of vision.这位优雅的女士进入了我的视野。The frontier ranges_from the northern hill to the southern coast.边界从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸。A_wide_range_of colours and patterns are available.各种颜色和样式都有。Range the cards in the order of the letters.把
36、卡片按字母顺序排列。【即景活用2】(1)单句语法填空We cant afford the house, because the price is well _ our range.She has a wide range of interests, _ (range) from playing chess to swimming.答案：beyondranging(2)单句写作这家餐馆因其提供的适合各种口味和消费水平的顾客的食物而广受欢迎。This restaurant has become popular for its _ foods that suit all tastes and poc
37、kets.答案：wide range of 第7段10Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材P27)即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。even if引导的让步状语从句剖析本句中的从句为even if引导的让步状语从句，连接词意为“即使；尽管”。Even_if/though y
38、ou travel in ideal weather, sea journeys will take a long time.即使你旅行的天气理想，海上旅行所花的时间也较长。Although/Though poor, they are honest.尽管穷，但他们很诚实。While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。Try as/though he might (However hard he triedAlthough/Though he tried as hard as pos
39、sible), he couldnt open the door.他想尽了办法也没能打开门。【即景活用】单句语法填空He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time to stay with his son even _ he wants to.Even _ he was getting angry, his voice remained level.答案：if/thoughthough/if11Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.(教材P27)快速浏览杂志文章，并
40、回答下列问题。glance vi.看一下；扫视n一瞥glance at 浏览Tom glanced_at/took_a_glance_at the newspaper headlines.汤姆匆匆看了一眼报纸的大标题。At_first_glance the problem seemed easy.乍一看问题似乎很容易。辨析：stare at, glance at, glimpse at与glare atstare at长时间的盯着看。有羡慕或惊奇的意思glance at匆匆一看，瞥视。看的时间短暂，强调动作glimpse at无意识的一瞥。强调结果glare at怒目而视。有敌对情绪Its r
41、ude to stare_at our guest.盯着我们的客人看是粗鲁的。The manager glanced_at the document and signed his name.经理浏览了文件，并且签了名。I glimpsed_at her among the crowd just now.刚才我在拥挤的人群中瞥见了她。The dog glared_at the stranger and barked.狗怒视着这个陌生人，狂叫着。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空She took a rapid glance _ me and lowered her eyes.答案：at(2)单句写作
42、窃贼匆匆环顾了一下，便溜进了那幢房屋。The burglar took a quick _ and then stole into the house.他一眼就看出了问题所在。He could tell _ what was wrong.答案：glance aroundat a glance课后演练提能课后演练一.完形填空Pollution has been known to exist for a very long time, and we know at least since people _1_ using fire thousands of years ago. It has se
43、en the growth of truly global proportions only since the onset of the _2_ revolution during the 19th century. Environmental pollution is a problem both in developed and _3_ countries. Factors such as population _4_ and urbanization (城市化进程) invariably place great demands on the _5_ and stretch the us
44、e of natural _6_ to the maximum.Environmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only to humans but also to _7_， driving many animal _8_ to endangerment and even_9_. The transboundary nature of environmental pollution makes it even more difficult to manageyou cannot build stone walls along the _10_ of your country. Everything on our planet is interconnected. And the nature supplies us with valuable environmental services withou