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1、Section Prereading (Warming Up & Reading)课前预习自测一份令人兴奋的工作我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人来自世界各地。(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士，但是我从来不感到工作烦人。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为危险能激励我，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。作为一名火山学家，二十年前我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的
2、火山之一。收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流去，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为在熔岩要流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不能把他们的家搬离岩浆流过的地方，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。当滚烫的岩石从火山喷发出来并撒落回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小一些。这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而，火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我抵
3、达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地工作了一整天，很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对这种声音我并不在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山的一边有火山喷发，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射达几百米高。真是绝妙的奇景！就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我有幸作了一次近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家驱车上山，到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车。早先从观测站出发时就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三
4、个人看上去就像宇航员一样。我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。如今，我和当初从事这项工作时一样满怀热情。虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。课堂合作探究In your groups discuss ways human beings protect themselves from powerful natura
5、l forces.(教材P33)在你们组内讨论一下人类保护自己免受自然威力伤害的办法。protect . from . 保护免受They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.他们挤在一起，免受风吹。Measures must be taken to protect the rare birds from being endangered.必须采取措施保护稀有鸟类，使其免遭灭绝。名师点津与“protect . from .”结构相似的短语：prevent sb./sth. (from) doing (用于被动语态时from不可
6、省略)stop sb./sth. (from) doing (用于被动语态时from不可省略)keep sb./sth. from doing (from不可省略)【即景活用】单句语法填空Troops have been sent to protect aid workers _ attack.He asked to be put under police _ (protect)答案：against/fromprotection课文预学检测.FastreadingRead the text quickly and then try to write down the main idea.The
7、 passage mainly tells us a _ exciting job and his first sight of an_.答案：volcanologists; eruption.CarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the passage.1The writer doesnt mind the occasional danger of his job because _.Ahe travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over
8、the worldBhe likes the different ways of workingChe thinks his job the most importantDhe is excited about dangers and feels alive答案：D2Why does the lava that flows slowly down the mountain cause far more damage than the boiling rock that erupts from the volcano?ABecause it buries everything in its pa
9、th.BBecause most people live near the top of Mount Kilauea.CBecause the lava is in a higher temperature.DBecause the volcanologists cannot predict it.答案：A3Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe boiling rock which erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth causes more dam
10、age than the lava.BThe lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage than the boiling rock.CThe eruption is not exciting to watch.DThe author climbed down into the crater to collect information after the eruption.答案：B4Why did the volcanologist run out of the house into the back gar
11、den?ABecause his bed began shaking.BBecause his bedroom suddenly became as bright as day.CBecause he thought there was an earthquake in Hawaii.DBecause he wanted to collect information about the eruption.答案：B5What did the author do after he was appointed as a volcanologist?AHe collected information
12、about Mount Kilauea on the spot.BHe analyzed the data and predicted where the lava would flow.CHe persuaded people to move their homes out of the path of the lava.DHe saved people who were covered with lava.答案：A课后演练提能 基础题.单词拼写1Dont worry. Your voice sounds _ (绝对地) fine.答案：absolutely2Mac was pedaling
13、 hard now. He _ (挥舞) and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down.答案：waved3The piece of cloth will be cut up into three _ (套装)答案：suits4They studied the German market to find the _ (可能性) there for investment.答案：potential5The _ (实际的) cause of the quake is the breaking of rocks below the
14、 earths surface.答案：actual6 (爆发) of volcanoes is one way of producing this kind of rocks.答案：Eruption.单句语法填空1We humans are very weak when _ (compare) with some natural disasters.答案：compared2An agreement was about to be reached _ the other side raised new issues.答案：when3He protected his hands _ the col
15、d with gloves.答案：from4The sound of the cheering faded away _ the distance.答案：in5I cant imagine myself _ (teach) in front of that many people.答案：teaching6(2018菏泽期末)From my experience and according to my rough _ (evaluate) I knew the price was too high for that jacket.答案：evaluation7Growing vegetables
16、looks easy, but _ (actual) it takes a lot of time to learn.答案：actually8(2018辽宁抚顺期末)The robot is equipped _ a monitoring camera (监控摄像头) and other hardware for facial and voice recognition.答案：with能力题.阅读理解Could the Dangerous Underwater Volcano in Caribbean Cause a US Tsunami?A team of scientists is exp
17、loring the darkest corners of a huge underwater volcano in the Caribbean in hopes of better understanding the mysteries of earthquakes and tsunamis, ultimately saving lives.Kickem Jenny is a dangerous and active volcano sitting roughly 6,000 feet below the surface of the Caribbean Sea, and located o
18、ff the coast of the island of Grenada, south of St.Lucia.Robert Ballard, famous for discovering the Titanic 12,000 feet below the surface of the icy North Atlantic in 1985, set his sights on exploring the Kickem Jenny to study its eruption history and learn more about how underwater volcanoes can pr
19、esent a threat. Ballard said the Kickem Jenny volcano has a history of explosive eruptions, which could have the potential to cause tsunamis, the effects from which could be felt as far away as the northeastern United States.According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the Kickem Jenny volcano has
20、erupted 10 times since 1939 with the most recent eruption in 1990. The conditions around the Kickem Jenny volcano are so dangerous to humans that Ballard and his team relied on the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) “Hercules”， a 5,000pound submersible (潜水器), to be their eyes and ears inside the volcan
21、o. As Hercules moved downwards into the volcano, Ballard and his team watched the submersibles live cameras from a control room aboard the Nautilus.After hours of searching, the team made a surprising discovery: life.“It means that in places where we thought there was very little life existing on ou
22、r plant, weve just opened up a whole other area where life seems to be thriving，” Ballard said. “A lot of the deep sea is sort of like something that you know you can think of as a desert. We just found an oasis (绿洲) in that desert.”On its journey, Hercules took pictures of its surroundings, made ma
23、ps and collected samples, including organisms (生物) living inside the volcano and even reaching inside the volcano to gather materials. Such discoveries on Ballards trip could allow scientists to better understand the threats by underwater volcanic eruptions.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。科学家正在探索加勒比海海底一座巨大的火山与地震和海啸的
24、关系，希望通过这个研究找到更好的方法来预测灾害，最终能够挽救更多的生命。1Kickem Jenny caught the attention of some scientists _.Abecause it is located off the coast of the island of GrenadaBbecause it is usually thought to be strange and mysteriousCbecause it caused the Indian tsunami ten years agoDbecause it is a dangerous and active
25、 volcano答案：D细节理解题。依据文章第三段和第四段的内容可知，D项正确。2It can be concluded from the passage that _.AKickem Jenny is unlikely to erupt in a few yearsBKickem Jenny has been in peace since 1939CKickem Jenny will do great damage once it eruptsDKickem Jenny is threatening the whole USA答案：C推理判断题。依据文章第四段中的“which could h
26、ave the potential to cause tsunamis”可知，一旦Kickem Jenny火山喷发，则可能引发海啸，因此可推知C项正确。3What can we infer by reading the passage?AIt is surprising for scientists to find an oasis in the desert.BHercules is regarded as the most advanced equipment.CThe discovered organisms are the most striking species.DHercules
27、 plays a key role in studying the underwater volcano.答案：D推理判断题。依据文章尾段可知，科学家们利用潜水器Hercules在水下火山周围拍照、绘图、取样等，这对科学家们进一步研究水下火山爆发给周围带来的威胁程度起着重要的作用。故选D项。.完形填空(2019山东师范大学附中高三第二次模拟考试)A minister (牧师) was on a long flight. The first _1_ of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane _2_ on: Fasten Y
28、our Seat Belts.As the minister looked _3_ the aircraft, it became obvious that many of the passengers became _4_. Later, a voice over the intercom (内部通话系统) said “We are so sorry that we are unable to _5_ the meal at this time. The currents are ahead of us.” And then the storm broke. Lightning lit up
29、 the darkening skies, and _6_ moments the great plane was tossed (使动来动去) around.The minister recalled, “As I looked around the plane, I could see nearly all the _7_ were scared. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. Obviously, the storm _8_ nothing to her. She was reading a book on her seat and everyth
30、ing within her small world was _9_. Sometimes she closed her eyes, then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs, but worry and _10_ were not in her world.”The minister could _11_ believe his eyes. It was not surprising, _12_， that when the plane finally reached its destination and
31、all the passengers were hurrying to _13_ the plane, the minister came up to the girl whom he had _14_ for such a long time. Having talked about the storm, he asked why she had not been afraid.The child replied, “That was because my _15_ was the pilot, and he would take me home.”There are many kinds
32、of _16_ that frightened us. Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms can easily and quickly _17_ our sky and throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement. We have all known such times, and let us be honest and accept, it is much _18_ to be at rest when our feet are on
33、the ground than _19_ we are being tossed about a darkened sky.Let us remember: Our father is the _20_. He is in control and taking us home. Dont worry.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章记叙了在飞机遭遇强气流的情况下，当大家都极其不安和恐惧的时候，有一个小女孩却展示出了无比的镇静。当有人问及原因时，她说飞行员是她父亲，她父亲正在带她回家。1A.suffering BeffortCwarning Dchance答案：C根据第2空后的“Fasten
34、 Your Seat Belts.”并结合第二段内容可知，牧师在长途飞行途中，此时出现了问题的预警，故选C。2A.flashed BtriedCtook Dput答案：A根据空格前的“when the sign on the airplane”可知，当时飞机上的警报灯闪烁，故选A。3A.over BaroundCinto Dat答案：B出现警报的情况下，牧师应是环顾四周，look around符合语境，故选B。4A.worried BrelaxedCannoyed Dinspired答案：A由常识可知听到预警后，大家都很担心，故选A。5A.buy BcookCcomplete Dserve答案
35、：D由设空后的“The currents are ahead of us.”可知，空姐在广播由于前方有气流，现在不能给乘客提供饮食。serve the meal “提供饮食”，符合语境，故选D。6A.of BwithinCwith Dafter答案：B很快飞机就在雷鸣电闪中摇摆。within moments “不一会儿”，故选B。7A.passengers BpilotsCofficials Dcrew答案：A由第3空后的“passengers”可知，此处也指乘客，故选A。8A.presented BbroughtCmeant Dcreated答案：C根据空格后的“She was readin
36、g a book on her seat and everything within her small world”可知，牧师发现有一个小女孩很镇定地看书，暴风雨对于小女孩来说不意味着什么。meant “意味着”，符合语境，故选C。9A.likely BfriendlyCdeadly Dorderly答案：D根据第三段最后两句的描述可知，小女孩很镇定地在看书，暴风雨没有影响小女孩，在她的世界里一切秩序井然。orderly “有(秩)序的”，故选D。10A.fear BknowledgeCstress Dexpectation答案：A根据空格前的“Sometimes she closed he
37、r eyes, then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs”可知，但是她的世界没有担忧和恐惧。应从选项中选取“worry”的近义词，故选A。11A.suddenly BgraduallyChardly Dwillingly答案：C看到小女孩如此的表现，牧师几乎不能相信自己的眼睛，故选C。12A.however BthereforeCotherwise Dinstead答案：B由下文的描述可知，此处表示因果关系，指“因此，当所有乘客匆忙下飞机时，牧师却走向小女孩，就不令人感到惊讶了”，故选B。13A.drive o
38、ff Bpull overCland on Dget off答案：D根据空格前的“when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying”可知，飞机到达目的地后，受到惊吓的乘客赶紧下飞机，故选D。14A.watched BattendedCremarked Dcomplained答案：A由上文可知，牧师已经观察女孩很久了。watch “观察，观看”，符合语境，故选A。15A.uncle BdadCbrother Dcousin答案：B根据最后一段中的“Our father is th
39、e _20_. He is in control and taking us home.”可知，此处小女孩说的是飞行员是她爸爸，故选B。16A.accident BquarrelCstorm Danger答案：C根据下文的“many other storms can easily and quickly .”可知，作者感悟人生有很多暴风雨会吓坏我们。此处是比喻的说法，故选C。17A.destroy BcoverCdarken Dbreak答案：C根据下文的“ .throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement” 以及第19空后的“b
40、eing tossed about a darkened sky”可知，很多暴风雨会使我们的天空乌云密布。darken “使黑暗”，符合语境，故选C。18A.easier BsofterCruder Dtougher答案：A此处表述当我们脚踏实地时比我们在飞机上遇到暴风雨时要保持镇定更容易，故选A。19A.until BwhenCunless Dif答案：B根据上文的“when our feet are on the ground”可知，这是在对比两个时候，所以用when引导从句，故选B。20A.student BdriverCminister Dengineer答案：B根据最后一段“Let
41、us remember: Our father is the _20_. He is in control and taking us home.”以及第15空所在的句子作对照可知，父亲是会带我们安全回家的司机，故选B。.短文改错(2018安徽省知名示范高中高三联合质量检测)As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, how should we do?Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more
42、than 1,500 meters above sea level. Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt very exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. See this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain.Therefore, d
43、ont give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, its certainly that you can overcome it.答案：难项分析：第一处：FacingFaced或删除with考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战，我们该做什么？be faced with sth.为固定用法，故此处可用过去分词形式；又因face在此处为及物动词，故可删除with。第二处：howwhat考查疑问副词。疑问词在句中作及物动词do的宾语，表示“做什么”，故用what提问。第七处：SeeSeeing考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这种情况，我的同学甚至是一些陌生人都鼓励我。主语my classmates and even some strangers和动词see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用Seeing。