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1、Period Starting out & Understanding ideas课前自学导引龙脊梯田想象一下，裹在银色水中的群山，在春天的阳光下闪闪发光。夏天，随着水稻的生长，群山变得翠绿。在秋天，这些山是金色的；在冬天，它们被白霜覆盖。这些是龙脊梯田的颜色。这些梯田是当地壮族和瑶族人建造的，广西是他们的家乡。从元代开始，梯田的修建历经数百年，直到清初才完成。放眼望去，这些梯田覆盖着高山，通常从山脚下一直延伸到山顶。那么，为什么这些人要费那么大的力气把整座山变成梯田呢？首先，该地区很少有大片的平坦的土地。因此，建造梯田意味着他们可以增加种植水稻的面积。其次，虽然这个地区雨水充足，但山陡、土浅
2、。平坦的梯田吸收雨水，防止土壤被冲走。但也许最重要的，是人们与自然和谐相处的方式来建造梯田、种植水稻。梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连通。在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。太阳把水加热，把它变成蒸汽。这就形成了云，雨从云中又一次落在了山上的梯田上。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些鱼类和鸟类以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的作物，但这些梯田对看重传统的当地人来说仍然意义重大。这种知识是通过家庭传承下来的，这意味着新一代继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。今天，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来观赏这个由人与自然共同创造的伟大奇迹。课堂合作探究1h
3、armony n. 融洽，和谐，一致(P63)归纳拓展(1)in harmony with 与协调一致out of harmony with 与不协调一致(2)harmonious adj. 调和的，和谐的，均衡的Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，严格说来，我们生存的唯一方式就是与自然和谐相处。The music is out of harmony with h
4、er songs.曲调和她(所唱)的歌不和谐。It is a harmonious community where pupils are very happy.这是一个和睦的集体，学生们很开心。(1)单句语法填空We are trying to form a (harmony) society to meet peoples need.答案：harmonious(2)单句写作只有人们彼此和谐共处，我们才能拥有安定的社会。Only if people live can we have a stable society.当孩子们长大后，他们的想法会与父母不一致。When children grow
5、 up, their ideas will be their parents.答案：in harmony with each otherout of harmony with2design v. 设计，(为某种特定目的)计划n. 设计；图案；意图(P63)归纳拓展(1)design sth. for sb./sth. 为设计(be) designed for sb./sth. 为而设计be designed as sth. 被设计成be designed to do sth. 为做某事而设计；目的是(2)by designon purpose 故意地，蓄意地This entrance has
6、been specially designed for people in wheelchairs.这个入口是专门为坐轮椅的人设计的。It is designed as a textbook for a oneterm course.它可用作一学期课程的教材。The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together.这次周末聚会的用意是让两位老人见面。We dont know whether it was done by accident or by design.我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的。单句语法填空These s
7、eats are specially designed children who are under 5 years old.The Project Hope is designed (help) those children who drop out of school because of poverty.The meeting is designed an introduction to our new product.The famous building is said to (design) by an outstanding architect (建筑师) called Jaso
8、n.答案：forto helpasbe designed3harm v& n. 伤害，损害(P63)归纳拓展(1)do . harm/do harm to . 对有害There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth.做某事无害处(2)harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的be harmful to . 对有害处(3)harmless adj. 无害的，不会造成损害的Reading novels on line for a long time before sleeping will do you harm.睡前在线阅读小说的时间太久对身体有害。The heavy ha
9、ze in the eastern area of China especially in Jinan did great harm to peoples health.华东地区特别是济南的雾霾对人们的健康造成了巨大的伤害。Theres no harm in telling him the truth.把真相告诉他没有什么害处。Its harmful to your health to drink too much.过量喝酒对你的健康有害。harm“危害，使受伤害”，常用于抽象事物hurt“弄疼，使受伤”，可指肉体上的伤害，更多用于情感上的伤害injure“使受伤，伤害”，尤其指在事故中受到的
10、伤害wound“伤害，使受伤”，主要用于刀、枪、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤(1)选词填空(harm/hurt/injure/wound)She my feelings and my heart was broken.Tom was badly in the car accident.The bullet his leg and he didnt stand up from then on.Reading in dim light will your eyes.答案：hurtinjuredwoundedharm (2)同义句转换Staying up often can harm your heal
11、th.Staying up often can your health.Staying up often can your health.答案：be harmful todo harm tofeed on(动物)以为食(P63)归纳拓展(1)feed sb./sth. on/with . feed . to sb./sth.用来喂/饲养某人/物be fed up with 厌烦(2)live on (人)以为主食，靠生活Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects col
12、lect.蝴蝶以花卉产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。We feed our dogs on/with fresh meat.We feed fresh meat to our dogs.我们用新鲜的肉喂我们的狗。Many consumers today are fed up with receiving spam or unwanted email.如今，许多用户讨厌收到垃圾邮件和无用邮件。I dont know how they manage to live on 10 a week.我不知道他们一个星期靠10英镑是怎么生活的。单句语法填空Cattle chiefly
13、 feed grass.She feeds a special kind of grass her sheep.Im fed up his endless complaints.答案：ontowithDuring the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.在雨季，雨水正是沿着这些水道从山上流下进入梯田。(P63)剖析本句中的“it was . that . ”是强调句型，强调的是地点状语along these waterw
14、ays。归纳拓展(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他部分”。(2)强调句的一般疑问句的构成是：“Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分”。(3)强调句的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词(被强调部分)is/wasitthat句子其他部分”。(4)not . until . 结构在强调句型中的运用，其结构为“It is/was not until . that . ”。It was his best friend that/who he met at the party.在聚会时他遇到的是他最好的朋友。Was it Sally that/who
15、phoned you just now？刚才给你打电话的是莎莉吗？What was it that prevented him from coming in time？是什么使得他没及时来？It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来。名师点津强调句型的判断方法：把it is/was及that去掉，句子依然完整；否则，就不是强调句型。句型转换Tom bought her a present while he visited New York. (强调主语) (强调直接宾语) (强
16、调时间状语)答案：It was Tom that/who bought her a present while he visited New York.It was a present that Tom bought her while he visited New York.It was while he visited New York that Tom bought her a present.单词拼写1.Water becomes ice or (蒸汽) under certain conditions. 答案：vapour2.They wanted to (设计) a machine
17、 that was both attractive and practical.答案：design3.Industry and (农业) are the two important sectors of the national economy.答案：agriculture4.He was a businessman, and (因此) he always keep an eye out for any opportunity to make money.答案：therefore5.We a the old scientist for his great contribution to the
18、 country.答案：admire6.Some parts of the water are very s . But in some places it is very deep.答案：shallow7.We should do everything we can to p him from making the same mistake again.答案：prevent8.The temple has a long history which dates back to the early period of the Tang D .答案：Dynasty.单句语法填空1.The (com
19、plete) of this bridge highly facilitates the trips of people across the river banks.答案：completion2.It was obvious that the boss went to the meeting late design.答案：by3.She was sitting in an armchair with blankets (wrap) round her.答案：wrapped4.Flooding is likely in some coastal (region) of the Northeas
20、t during the early part of the week. 答案：regions5.Many women said parenthood (harm) their careers.答案：harmed6.New techniques should increase (agriculture) production but also be friendly to the environment.答案：agricultural.选词填空be home to; turn . into .; feed on; plenty of; prevent . from .; wash away;
21、provide . for .; pass down1.The bad witch (女巫) the prince a frog.答案：turned; into2.Sichuan the giant panda, which is known as a national treasure of China.答案：is home to3.We should some help them.答案：provide; for4.I will do what I can to the matter being worse.答案：prevent; from5.This custom since the 18
22、th century.答案：has been passed down6.There was time; she neednt have hurried.答案：plenty of7.With these trees, the soil couldnt easily.答案：be washed away8.Owls mice and other small animals.答案：feed on.根据要求改写下面的句子My brother met John at the bus station yesterday.1.对主语My brother进行强调 答案：It was my brother tha
23、t/who met John at the bus station yesterday. 2.对宾语John进行强调 答案：It was John that my brother met at the bus station yesterday. 3.对地点状语at the bus station进行强调 答案：It was at the bus station that my brother met John yesterday. 4.对时间状语yesterday进行强调 答案：It was yesterday that my brother met John at the bus stat
24、ion. 课后课时作业On August 26,1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to 1 and the subway system almost came to a stop.Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 2 to go home. Some battled to 3 a taxi or to
25、 get on a bus. Still others faced the 4 bravely, walking miles to get to work. I 5 to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 6 had stopped. After making my way 7 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 8 . Unfo
26、rtunately, there were so many people waiting to 9 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 10 . So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train 11 my stop. Then I had to walk seve
27、ral blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 12 through, exhausted and 13 .My coworkers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5：00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 14 I received an email from Garth, my director：“I woul
28、d like to thank all of you who made the effort and 15 reported to work. It is always reassuring (令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 16 to their jobs. Thank you.”Garths email was short, but I learned more from that 17 message than I ever did from a textbook. The email ta
29、ught me that a few words of 18 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic 19 had made me tired and upset. But Garths words immediately 20 me and put a smile back on my face.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了在暴风雨袭来时，作者和其他很多人历尽艰辛和不便坚持去上班，虽然浑身湿透，疲惫不堪，心情也受到影响，但是经理的一封感谢信却使他精神重新振作起来。1A.break BfloodCsink Dc
30、rash答案：B可怕的暴风雨造成的后果是洪水泛滥，所以选B。flood “为水所淹(没)”，符合语境。2A.forced B.refusedCadjusted D.gathered答案：A地铁停运“迫使”上班的人不得不回家。Sb. be forced to do sth. “某人被迫做某事”。3A.order B.payCcall D.search答案：C根据语境可知，此处应是“叫出租车”，即call a taxi。4A.climate B.sceneryCstorm D.burden答案：C联系上文语境“上班高峰时期遭遇暴风雨，很多人不得不回家，一些人奋力呼叫出租车或坐公共汽车，还有一些人勇
31、敢地面对 ，步行几英里去上班”可知，此处应填storm “暴风雨”。5A.used B.promisedCdeserved D.happened答案：D“我”“恰好”是那天早晨去上班的人之一。happen to be “碰巧/恰好是”，故选D。6A.practice B.routineCprocess D.service答案：D“我”沿着地铁线一路寻找，结果却发现大部分地铁服务都停了。service “(公用事业的)公共服务”。7A.to B.throughCover D.for答案：B此处指艰难地“穿过”人群，用through，它指从内部穿过。8A.operating B.cyclingCt
32、urning D.rushing答案：A“我”终于发现一条仍在“运转”的地铁线。operate “运转，运行”，符合语境。9A.check B.carryCfind D.board答案：Dboard the subway “上地铁”。board “登(飞机、车、船等)”。10A.street B.groundCfloor Dplatform答案：D等着上地铁的人太多了，“我”甚至不能走下台阶到站台那里去。platform “站台，月台”，符合语境。11A.paused B.crossedCreached D.parked答案：C好像过了很久列车终于“到达”了“我”要去的站点。根据语境应选C。1
33、2A.wet B.weakCsick Dhurt答案：A由常识可知，“我”在暴风雨中步行几个街区到达办公室后，全身都“湿透”了。wet through “湿透”。13A.ashamed B.discouragedCsurprised D.puzzled答案：B“我”步行几个街区，全身湿透，当然是感到“筋疲力尽”并且“垂头丧气”。discouraged “沮丧的；垂头丧气的”。14A.while B.whenCwhere D.after答案：Bbe about to do sth. when . “正要做某事，就在这时”，为固定句型。15A.hardly B.casuallyCabsolutel
34、y D.eventually答案：D“我要感谢你们这些所有作出努力、最终来上班的人”。eventually “最终”，符合语境。16A.devotion B.donationCconnection D.reaction答案：A当员工们明确表示出对工作的忠于职守时，总是让人欣慰的。devotion “奉献，忠诚”。17A.accurate B.urgentCbrief D.humorous答案：C由前边的short可知，“我”从这封“简短的”邮件里学到的东西要比以前从教科书中学到的多。根据语境选C。18A.promise B.appreciationCadvice D.guidance答案：Bw
35、ords of appreciation “感激的话”。句意：这封感谢的邮件使“我”认识到几句感谢的话会有极大的影响。19A.troubles B.signalsCrules D.signs答案：A由上文可知，“我”辗转乘车才到达了工作地点，因此用traffic troubles表示“交通带来的不便、麻烦”。20A.corrected B.supportedCamazed Drefreshed答案：D暴风雨和交通不便使“我”深感疲惫和烦恼，而一封感谢信使“我”“恢复”了精神。refresh “使恢复精神；使生气勃勃”。AWildlife faces threats from habitat d
36、estruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.Create wildlifefriendly areas in your ba
37、ckyard.When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species.Avoid harming the natural ecosyst
38、em (生态系统) in your backyard.Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.Have a greener lifestyle.By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off
39、 the electric devices when youre not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.Buy products that are friendly to wildlife.Dont buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered an
40、imals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them.Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.You can give money to organizations of groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work.1The purpose of this passage is to .A
41、tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important nowBsuggest that we protect wildlife through wordsCexplain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people thinkDgive us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions答案：D主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句和下文的各个小标题可知，本篇文章的写作目的是建议我们通过日常的小事来保护野生动物。2What
42、 behaviour do you think the author would disagree with?APlanting proper trees in gardens.BBuying a sweater that is made from antelope fur as a gift.CDonating some money to WWF.DReading books about wildlife.答案：B推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Dont buy products that are made from endangered animals.”可知，作者劝我们不要买由濒危动物制成
43、的产品。由此推断，作者可能会反对B项。3In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?AEnvironment.BTeaching.CBusiness.DGeography.答案：A推理判断题。本文主要讲了关于保护野生动物的一些建议，这些建议与环境有关系，所以应当在环境(Environment)一栏中出现。故选A。BFor many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people of