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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思定语从句（形容词性从句）在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的 定语从句 。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 ，区别定语从句和名词性从句的最简易的办法就是看从句前有无被修饰的先行词。引导定语从句的关系词 既起着联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。这些关系词包括：1）关系代词：先行词为人：_、 _ 、_、 _。先行词为物：_、 _、 _、 _ 。2）关系副词：_ 、_、 _。注意：引导定语从句的关系词和引导名词性从句的连接词有许多是共用的，但它们在从句中的作用有所不同，注意区别。尤其要注意的是what只能引导名词性从
2、句，不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited. 1关系代词的用法：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。The comrade _ visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.（作主语）He is no longer the man _ he used to be . （作表语）This is the book _ I referred to in my talk. ( 作宾语 ) Wei F
3、ang is the student _ home caught fire last week. ( 作定语 ) 使用关系代词值得注意以下几点： that, which 在从句中作主语时，不能省略； 作宾语时， 在口语和非正式语中经常省略。whom 也常可省略。例如：He is the man (whom) you have been looking for. （作宾语） that, which 在从句中作主语时，如果先行词前面有序数词、最高级以及有the only，the very等修饰时， 只能用 that, 不能用 which。 如果先行词是all, everything, anythi
4、ng, nothing, none, few, little, much 等不定代词； 或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little 等不定代词修饰时,一般要用 that，但是 something后面既可用that 也可用 which。例如：Titanic is the best film _ has been shown this year. The only thing _ matters is to find our way home. This is the very magazine _ you are after. I ll do all
5、_ I can to help you. Is there anything _ I can do for you in town? There is something_ keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。 如果主句是由who，which，what 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，先行词后的引导词要用that，而不用who 或 which。例如：Who is the man _ is reading the newspaper over there? Which is the dictionary _ you bought yesterday? 注意：当先行词是an
6、yone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that。同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由who所指代的“人”所决定. Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here. Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m. He who doesn t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语， 既可
7、指人， 又可指物。 whose xx = the xx of which（指物） /whom（指人）。例如：Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. （指物）=Please pass me the dictionary _ is black. The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England. （指人）=The doctor, _ was Johnson, lived in a small town in the nor
8、th of England. 介词 +关系代词的用法关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which 或 whom。介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定；也可结合句意，根据先行词确定。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace _ I
9、often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. I need a pen _ I can write a letter. a. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. 2007 江苏卷 A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that b. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _
10、 they can be controlled on purpose. 2007 重庆卷 A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for 一般不提前， 因为 look for 是固定词组，意为 “ 寻找 ” ，介词 for 若被提前，单个的look 意为 “ 看” ，句意不符。) 先行词既有人又有物时，引导词只用that。例如：They talked about the
11、 persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. 先行词是the way 时，且在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：I like the way _ the teacher gives his lessons. Marx told us the way _ we could learn a foreign language well. A. why B. how C. which D. when 2关系副词的用法关系副词when, where, why, 在从句中充当状语，分别可表 时间、地点或原因。但要
12、注意与先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的情况相区别。I will never forget the day _ I first came to Beijing. This is the house _ Lu Xun once lived. Can you tell me the reason _ you sold your new car? Eg. I will remember the cottage _ I built with my wife ten years ago. A. where B. that C. in which D. in that I will remember the c
13、ottage _ I was shut with my wife ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. in that Eg. Have you asked her for the last reason _ may explain her absence? A. why B. that C. because that D. which It is for this reason _ the clear sky over the mountain appears blue. A. for which B. why C. because D. t
14、hat c. Today, we ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007 陕西卷 A. which B. as C. why D. where d. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 2007 天津卷 3限制性定语从句与非限制
15、性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，这种主句和从句的关系十分密切，主句与从句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：This is a shop that sells personal computers./ The watch that I bought yesterday works well. 非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“ 唯一 ” 概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：We are all prou
16、d of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard. e. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. 200
17、7 辽宁卷 A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 一种特殊的非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由xx of whom或xx of which所指代的“人”或“物”所决定. He has five children, two of whomare abroad. (比较
18、： He has five children, and _ are abroad.) f. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷 A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 4定语从句中as的用法1） as引导的限制性定语从句：当先行词前有as, the same, such, so 修饰时，关系代词常用as。例如：As many members as were present
19、agreed to the plan. I d like to have the same books _ 与你们学校用的一样. He is not such a person _.我期待的那个人2） as引导的非限制性定语从句与which 引导的非限制性定语从句的异同which 和 as 都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换：Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper. She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes. 区别： as
20、引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词后面或主句后面。例如：As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake. =The elephant, _, is like a snake. =The elephant is like a snake,_. Mary was late again, which made the teacher angry.（此处不能用as, 为什么？看课后作业第21 题）as引导的从句有“ 正如 ” 、 “ 正像 ” 之意，而 which 则无此
21、意。常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。如：As we all know, paper was first made in China. as 引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which 不受此限制。试比较：He did the experiment successfully, _ had been expected. He failed in the experiment, _ was unexpected. 5. 随堂练习：1. I have many frie
22、nds, some are businessmen. （2005 全国卷一I）Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom 2. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _ , is there? （2005 北京）A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn to D. for her to turn 3. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women w
23、ill spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where （2005 上海）4. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what （2005 天津）5. Mark was a student at this university from 1999to 2003, _he studied very
24、 hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. （ 2005 重庆）A during which time Bfor which time Cduring whose time Dby that time 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思6. Her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be. （2005 湖北）A. who B. that C. what D. which
25、 7. Frank s dream was to have his own shop_ to produce the workings of his own hands. A that Bin which C by which Dhow （2005 湖南）8. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. （2005 江西）Ain that Bfor that Cin which Dfor which 9. The way h
26、e did it was different _we were used to. （2005 江西）A in which Bin what Cfrom what Dfrom which 10. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005 辽宁）A which Bwhen C where Dthat 6课后作业11. Did Jack come back early last night? （ 2005 福建） Yes. It was not yet eight
27、o clock_ he arrived home. A before Bwhen Cthat Duntil 12. Is that the small town you often refer to? （2005 福建） Right, just the one_ you know I used to work for years. A that Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat 13. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （ 2005 山东）A. from which B. after
28、 that C. after which D. from this 14. Jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office. 2005浙江）A. which B. that C. this D. it 15. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next morning. 2005浙江）A. When B. after C. As D. Since 16. The place _ the bridge is suppo
29、sed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which （2005 江苏）17. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. （2005 广东）A. i
30、n which B. by which C. which D. that 18. Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago? (2005 北京春 ) A. where B. when C. that D. what 19. Did Jack come back early last night? （ 2005 福建） Yes. It was not yet eight o clock_ he arrived home. A before Bwhen Cthat Duntil 20. The doctor
31、 advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ d idn t help.（2005 全国三）Ait Bshe Cwhich D he 21. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. ( 2006 江苏卷 ) A. who B. that C. as D. whic
32、h 22. Look out! Don t get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. （2006 福建卷）A. whose B. which C. of which D. what 23. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses. （2006 湖南）A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
33、24. I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come. （2006 重庆卷）A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which. 25. Do you have anything to say for yourselves? （2006 江西卷）Yes， there s one point _ we must insist on A
34、why Bwhere Chow D/ 26. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ don t. （2006 北京卷）A. who ; 不填B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填表 ; 不填27. We re just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （2006 山东卷）A. where B
35、. that C. when D. which 28. She was educated at Beijing University, _she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that（ 2006 陕西卷）29. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. ( 2006浙江卷 ) A. of that B. of which C. that D. wh
36、ich 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思30. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany. ( 2006 辽宁卷 ) A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 31. The Beatles, many of
37、you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. ( 2006天津卷 ) A. what B. that C. how D. as 32. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _ is always busy at the weekend. A. that B. where C. what D. which( 2006上海春招 ) 2007 高考题中出现的定语从句1. His movie won several awards at the film festival
38、, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 2007 上海卷 A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 2007 山东卷 Athat Bthere Cwhich D where 3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷 A. none of them B. both of them C. n
39、one of whom D. neither of whom 4. We shouldn t spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy2007 北京卷 A. that B.which C. what D. whom 5. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. 2007 湖南卷 A. who B. which C. wha
40、t D. that 6. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. 2007 江苏卷 A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 7. After gradutation she reached a point in her careet she heeded to decion what to do. 2007 江西卷 A.that B.what C.which D.where 8. Some pre-school ch
41、ildren go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 2007 全国卷 I 9. Today, we ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A.which B.as C.why D.where 2007 陕西卷 10. The thought of going back home was kept him happ
42、y while he was working abroad Athat Ball that Call what Dwhich 2007 上海春 11. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them D both of which 2007 四川卷 12. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight
43、matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 2007 天津卷 13. Chan s restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where 2007 浙江卷 14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be control
44、led 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思on purpose. 2007 重庆卷 A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 15. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. 2007 辽宁卷 A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after t
45、his 语法总复习之- 定语从句（形容词性从句）在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，区别定语从句和名词性从句的最简易的办法就是看从句前有无被修饰的先行词。引导定语从句的关系词既起着联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。这些关系词包括：1）关系代词：先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose 先行词为物：which, that, whose 2）关系副词：when, where, why （how）注意： 引导定语从句的关系词和引导名词性从句的连接词有许多是共用的，但它们在从句中的作用有所不同，注
46、意区别。尤其要注意的是what 只能引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited. 1关系代词的用法：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。The comrade who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.（作主语）He is no longer the man (that) he used to be. （作表语）This is the book（that/which
47、）I referred to in my talk. ( 作宾语 ) Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last week. ( 作定语 ) 使用关系代词值得注意以下几点： that, which 在从句中作主语时，不能省略； 作宾语时， 在口语和非正式语中经常省略。whom 也常可省略。例如：He is the man (whom) you have been looking for. （作宾语） that, which 在从句中作主语时，如果先行词前面有序数词、最高级以及有the only，the very等修饰时， 只能用 th
48、at, 不能用 which。 如果先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much 等不定代词； 或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little 等不定代词修饰时,一般要用 that，但是 something后面既可用that 也可用 which。例如：Titanic is the best film that has been shown this year. The second time that I visited The Summer Palace was in t
49、he fall of 1998. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. This is the very magazine that you are after. I ll do all that I can to help you. Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。 如果主句是由who，which，what 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复
50、，先行词后的引导词要用that，而不用who 或 which。例如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday? 注意： 当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表 “ 人” 时，一般用who 而不用 that。同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由who 所指代的 “ 人” 所决定 . Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here