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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学英语基本时态总结、 一般现在时1、概念：1）表示常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用；时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.（提问用 How often ）例： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. Tom gets up at 6:00 every morning. 2） 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实；例： The earth
2、 moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 地球绕太阳转动；上海位于中国东部；3） 格言或警句；例： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败；留意：宾语从句中, 即使主句是过去时, 从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时；例： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的；2、结构：表状态 S+ am/is/are+ P （句中有实义动词不用 be）表动作 S+V 原+O （如主语是单三人称,谓动加 s/es ；）3、句式变化：变疑问 ,有 b
3、e 把 be 提到主语前；无 be 在主语前加 do/does ,谓动变为 原形；变否定 ,有 be 在 be 后加 “ not ”；无 be 在主语后加 dont/doesn ,谓动变为原形；例： They are in the classroom. are./ Are they in the classroom. Yes, they No, they arent. They aren t in the classroom He often waters the flowers . Does he often water the flowers. Yes, he does. / No, he
4、 doesnt. He doesn t often water the flowers、 一般过去时1、 概念： 1）表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；常用时间状语： yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例：Where did
5、you go just now. 2）表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作；例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 2、结构：表状态 S+ was/were+ P 表动作 S+V 过去式 +O （注：句中有实义动词不用 be）3、句式变化：变疑问,有 be 把 be 提到主语前；无 be 在主语前加 did,谓动变为原形；变否定,有 be 在 be 后直接加 “ not ”；无 be 在主语后加 didn ,谓动变为原 形. 例： She was in Xian last month. Was she in
6、 Xian last month. Yes, she was. / No, she wasn t. She wasnan last month. Danny grew a rose just now, Did Danny grow a rose just now. Yes, he did. / No, he didnt. Danny didn t grow a rose just now,、 现在进行时：1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作；时间状语： now, at this time, these days, 例： Listen ！The birds are singing. 2、
7、结构： S + am/is/are + doing 助动 现在分词 3、句式变化：以及有 look, listen 时；变疑问,把 am/is/are 提到主语前；变否定,在 am/is/are 后直接加 “ not ”；/ 例： I am writing a letter now. Are you writing a letter now. Yes, I am. No, I m not. I am not writing a letter now. 注：am 和 not 不能缩写； The boys are pla ying football. Are the boys playing fo
8、otball.Yes, they are. / No, they arent. The boys arent playing football.、 过去进行时：1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作；.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time,at 8:00 yesterday, 或有 when / while 引导的时间状语从句等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例：We were having an English class at 9:30 yes
9、terday morning. I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV. 2、结构： S + was/were + doing 3、句式变化：变疑问,把 was/were 提到主语前；变否定,在 was/were 后直接加 “ not ”；例： At that time they were working in the garden. Were they workinthe garden at that time. Yes, they were. / No, they werent.At that time they were
10、working in the garden. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. When he came in, were you reading a newspaper. Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.When he came in, I wasnt reading a newspaper.、一般将来时1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；时间词 :tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven oclock tomorrow evening, next year, this year
11、, at the end of this term, from now,in ten minutes, in 2025 例： They will do an experiment tomorrow afternoon. Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term. 2、 结构： S +will+ V 原+其他will 可改为 be going to , 当主语是第一人称时will 可用 shall 例：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you/Are
12、 you going to 3、 句式变化：）be at home at seven this evening. 变疑问,把 will 提到主语前；变否定,在 will 后直接加 “ not ”；例; She will drive to Beijing next week. Will she drive to Beijing next week. Yes, she will. / No, she wont. She wont drive to Beijing next week. be going to + V 原表示 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事；例：What are you going t
13、o do tomorrow. b. 方案,支配要发生的事； 例：The play is going to be produced next month；c. 有迹象要发生的事；例： Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. be +不定式：表示将来,按方案或正式支配将发生的事；例：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六将争论这份报告名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用现在进行时表示将来co
14、me, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 表示将来；等终止性动词可用现在进行时例： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了；Are you staying here till next week. 、 现在完成时：你会在这儿呆到下周吗？1. 表示：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；时间词：ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately years 2. 或从过去已经开头连续到现在的动作或状态；since + 过去时间点 /从句；（提问用 How lon
15、g ）最近 , in the past few 时间词：for + 时间段,例： The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. He has learned French for two years. 2.结构： S + have/has + done 助动 过去分词 3. 句式变化：变疑问,把 have/has 提到主语前；例： Ive already written an article. 变否定,在 have/has 后直接加 “ not ”； Have you written an article yet. Yes,
16、I have. / No, I havent. I haven t written an article yet. Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993. Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993. Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt.t lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993. Li Ming hasn 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某详细时间发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情,强 调动作；现在完成时就强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成
17、影响,强调的是结果；2）一般过去常常与详细的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间 状语连用,或无时间状语；例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early. （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasnt handed in his paper. （强调有卷子未交,指结果）He joined the League three years ago. （强调加入这一动作）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可连续）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时；（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页