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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中学英语八种时态归纳复习一、 一般现在时：a 表示常常发生或反复发生的动作, He gets up at 6:00 everyday. b 表示现在的情形或状态,The soup tastes good. c 永恒不变的真理, The sun rises in the east. 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week day, year, month , once a week, on Sundays, etc. 补充学问： 一般现在时态表示将来的情形,1,可以
2、表示按规定,方案或时间表要发生的事,The plane takes off at 9：00. 2,在时间或条件从句中,用一般现在时态表示将来,If I see Nancy Ill ask her.I will disscuss with you when we meet. We will start as soon as you are ready. 基本结构： be 动词；行为动词形式 : 一般现在时通常用动词原形来表示；be 动词用 am、is 、are ；主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化规律 : 一般动词后加 -s ；以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾,加 -es ；以辅音字母加 o 结尾,一般
3、加 -es ；辅音字母加 y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加-es ；否定形式： am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词如为行为动词,就在其前加 dont, 如主语为第三人称单数,就用 doesnt ,同时仍原行为动词；一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,就用does,同时,仍原行为动词；二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为；一般过去时用动词的过去式表示；时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekyear, night, mont
4、h , in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构： be 动词；行为动词构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示；be 的过去式有was,were 两种； have 的过去式是 had；规章动词的过去式在动词词尾加-ed ,详细构成规章如下：1）一般情形, 动词后加 ed,例词 work-worked ,clean-cleaned,play-played,wash-washed 2）以不发音的 e 结尾, -d ,例词 live-lived,move-moved,hop
5、e-hoped ,arrive-arrived 3）以辅音字母 +y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -ed ,例词 study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried,identify-identified 4）以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最终一个辅音字母加 stop-stopped,beg-begged ,grab-grabbed -ed ,例词 plan-planned 否定形式： was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时仍原行为动词；一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； 用助动词 三、现在进行时：a. 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作；He
6、 is eating an ice cream. 他正在吃冰激凌；Let s wait. The children are crossing the street. do 的过去式 did 提问,同时仍原行为词；b. 表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不肯定正在进行）；We are working on a farm these days. 这些天我们在一个农场干活；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - c. 表示位置移动或趋向的词,如学习必备欢迎下载等常用进行时go,come, start,lea
7、ve, arrive, move表将来；He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. Im coming. Whats the score now. We are moving to a big house next month. 我就来！现在比分是多少？下个月我们将搬到一所大房子里；d. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或连续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观颜色；You are always changing your mind. 时间状语： now, at this time, these days, et
8、c. 基本结构： am/is/are+doing 现在分词的构成规章 1）一般情形,在动词后加 ing ,例词 work-working,study-studying,go-going 2）以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 再加 -ing ,例词 have-having ,live-living,take-taking 3）重读闭音节,只有一个辅音字母结尾,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing ,forget-forgetting,begin-beginning 例词 cut-cutting stop-stopping 4）以 ie 结尾,变 ie 为 y 再加 -ing ,例词 die-dying,li
9、e-lying,tie-tying 否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；一般现在时和现在进行时的区分 1 一般现在时表示常常性或习惯性的动作,现在进行时表示正在发生的行为；a. He is cleaning his room now. 他在打扫房间；He cleans his room every day. 他每天都要打扫房间；b.They are visiting China. 他们正在中国观光；They often come to China for a visit. 他们常常来中国观光；2 一般现在时表示现在的状态；He likes
10、jiaozi. They have a lot of friends. 考例： Mr. Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writing is writing B. is writing writes C. writes is writing D. writes writes 中考真题及模拟 Dont turn off the radio. I _ to the news. A. listen B. have listened C. listened D. am listening Have you seen
11、 Mr. Smith. Yes. Look, he _ his bike over there. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. has cleaned s Susan, Mike. Where She _ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked Have you got a job offer. Not yet. I _. A. waited B. am waiting C. wait D. was waiting Do you think John will
12、help me move the piano. d better not ask him. He _ a composition. YouA. write B. writes C. is writing D. wrote 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Wheres the children, Mr Black. 学习必备欢迎下载 Oh, they _ their PE lesson on the playground. A. have B. had C. are having D. have had Dont
13、turn on the TV. Grandma _ now. A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps 四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作；时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time 时的时间状语等；基本结构： was/were+doing 否定形式： was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首；或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去1.Father_when I _yesterday morning. A
14、. still slept, got up B .was still sleeping, got up C. is sleeping, got up D. sleeps, get up 2.She_apples in her garden when I_to see her yesterday.A. picked, went B. was picking,wentC. picked, was going D. was picking,was going 五、现在完成时：概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开头,连续到现在的动作或状态；时间状语： recently
15、, lately, since 基本结构： have/has + done for ,in the past few years, etc.否定形式： have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句： have 或 has；主要用法现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法,也叫连续性用法；两种用法的特点是：1. 已完成用法（影响性用法）：表示动作发生在过去某个不太确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果,同时说话者强调或感爱好的就是这个影响或结果. 仍可表示刚刚、已经做完某事, 曾经或未曾做某事； 常与 already, just, yet ,ev
16、er, never ,the past few years ,before等连用 , 如：Has she found her car key 的车了吗？）？ 她找到她的车钥匙了吗？（对现在的影响或结果：她能开她-Have you had lunch yet. -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过；（现在我不饿了）Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了；I haven t read your novel yet. 我仍没有读你的小说；He has never driven a
17、 car before. 他过去从未开过车；Have you ever been a teacher？ 你当过老师吗？Our hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. 大；我们家乡在过去的几年里变很名师归纳总结 2. 未完成用法（连续性用法）：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去第 3 页,共 12 页完成, 而是始终连续到现在,并且有可能连续下去（也可能到此终止） ；常有以下标志： for+- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 时间段（ ten years, a long time学
18、习必备欢迎下载clock, August 2003,等）；等）；since+ 时间点（ two o recently,so far, up to now等；如：How have you been ？ 你近来怎样？She has been a teacher for 20 years. How long have you been in Shanghai她已当了 20 年的老师；？ 你在上海已经多久了？I haven t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我始终未见过她；I met him in 1975 and havent seen him since then.
19、 1975 年我见过他,但自那以后就始终未见到他；注： 1. 除以上用法外,现在完成时仍可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作；如：He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班；I ll go to bed when Ive finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉；2. 表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时；如：It s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了；It s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了；时间
20、状语： before, by the end of last yearterm, month ,etc.基本结构： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done. 一般疑问句： had 放于句首；留意现在完成时与一般过去时的区分1） 现在完成时的已完成用法很简单与一般过去时相混淆,其区分是： 前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去；如：I ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了 10 年；（现在仍住这儿）I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过 10 年；（现在
21、不住这儿了）Has he got up？ 他起来了吗？（着眼现在情形）Did you get up very early？ 你起得很早吗？（着眼动作本身）I ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息； （不知道他的情形怎样）I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的；（单纯谈论动作）2）过去常常与详细的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语；留意现在完成时与一般过去时的区分1） 现在完成时的已完成用法很简单与一般过去时相混淆,其区分是： 前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生
22、的时间是在过去；如：I ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了 10 年；（现在仍住这儿）I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过 10 年；（现在不住这儿了）Has he got up？ 他起来了吗？（着眼现在情形）Did you get up very early？ 你起得很早吗？（着眼动作本身）I ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息； （不知道他的情形怎样）I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的；（单纯谈论动作）2）过去常常与详细的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常
23、与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语；一般过去时的时间状语: 详细的时间状语现在完yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now, 成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, always, the 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载past few years 共同的时间状语: ,before, already, recentl
24、y,lately this morning, tonight, this April, once例： 1. The teacher was already in the room when I arrived. 在屋里了；我到的时候,老师已经2. I have already waited two years. 我都等了两年了；3.I havent seen him recently. 我最近没有看到他；4. I recently moved to this area. 我最近搬到这一带来了；5.-Have you met him today. -No, I havent. 6. How ma
25、ny times have you been there this year. 六、过去完成时：今日你见过他吗？我没有；今年你去过那里多少次？概念： 以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“ 过去的过去” ；过去完成时是把时间推移到过去某一时间之前,与现在不发生联系,由had + -ed 分词构成；它的主要用法有三个,即“ 已完成用法”,“ 未完成用法” 和“ 虚拟用法”已完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成. 未完成用法表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经开头,始终连续到这一过去时间,而且到那时仍未终止,仍有连续
26、下去的可能性；过去完成时 - 基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“ 过去的过去”；过去去完成时可以用 by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句 来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,仍可能通过上下文来表示；By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚 9点钟,我们已经收到 200 张飞船发来的图片；（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开头,始终连续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和 for, since构成的时间状语连用；He said he had worked i
27、n that factory since 1949. 厂工作；他说自从 1949 年以来他就在那家工（3）表达过去发生的事情,在已表达了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的 动作时,常使用过去完成时；I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,由于我没有好好学习功课；（4）在含有 定语从句 的主从 复合句 中,假如表达的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完 成时 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了；（5）过去完成经常常
28、用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示 的过去的动作之前；I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了；（6）在包含有when, until等连词 的复合句中,假如主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示；名师归纳总结 She didn t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉；第 5 页,共 12 页留意：假如两个动作紧接着发生,就常常不用过去完成时,特殊是在包含be
29、fore和 after的复合句中, 由于这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后次序已经特别明确,这时可以用- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一般过去时代替过去完成时；（7）动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 的想法,期望,准备或意图等；We had hoped to be able to come and see you .等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现我们原来期望能来看看你；（8）过去完成时仍可用在 hardly when , no sooner than , It was the fi
30、rst second, etc time that 等固定句型中；It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 失业了；过去完成时与 一般过去时 的区分这是他那一年第三次虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应留意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“ 过去的过去”特定的时间；比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. ；而一般
31、过去时只强调过去某一2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判 断：先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的就用 一般过去时；She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或 but 连接时, 按时间次序, 只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的 从句
32、中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用 过去时 来代替过去完成时；He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、方案或预备做某事；时间状语： tomorrow, next dayweek, month, year ,soon, in a few minutes, by ,the day after tomorrow, etc. 形式：（1）“be going to/ 助动词 will/be to+ 动词原形” ,主语是 I 、we
33、 时,助动词也可用shall. be going to do 表示依据方案或支配将要做某事,也可表示依据目前情形判定很有可能但不是注定会发生某事；will/ shall do 表示依据方案或支配将要做某事,也可以表示不以人的意志为转移的客观规律,be to do 表示依据方案或支配将要做某事,也可以表示征求对方看法,仍可以表示必要性或可能性；He will go to his hometown next week. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载They are going to meet o
34、utside the school gate. 2 come ,go, start, move, sail, leave 生的事；等非连续性动词常用进行时表示按方案将要发The whole family is going for two weeks.全家要去两个星期；My sister is coming to see me. Shell be here soon. （3）在时间或条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；I ll go to see you if it doesnt rain tomorrow.基本结构： am/is/are/going to + do； will/sha
35、ll + do. 否定形式： was/were + not; 在行为动词前加 didnt,同时仍原行为动词；一般疑问句： be 放于句首； will/shall 提到句首；八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中；时间状语： the next daymorning, year ,the following monthweek ,etc.一般过去将来时的动身点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或 状态 ；一般过去将来常常用于间接引语中He said they would arrange a party. 他说他们将支配一个晚会；I asked if he
36、would come and fix my TV set. 我问他是否来帮我修电视机 ；一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作 或状态If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 假如我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去 剑桥高校 ；I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了；过去将来时间其他表达法 was/were going to + 动词原形 He said that he was going to live
37、 in the country when he retired. 他说他退休后要住在农村；They thought it was going to rain. 他们认为天要下雨了；was/were + 动词 -ing 形式Nobody knew whether the guests were coming. 没人知道客人们是否要来；I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载我被告知火车几分钟后就
38、要开了；was/were + 动词不定式 She said she was to clean the classroom after school. 她说她放学后要打扫教室；It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River. 据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥；was/were going to + 动词原形 或was/were +动词不定式完成式 可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作；Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it
39、 rained. 上星期天我们本想去游玩长城的,但却下雨了；（没有去成）I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before. 我是准备帮忙演出的,但前天我感冒了；（没有帮上忙）was/were about to do was/were about to do 表示说话的瞬时就会发生的动作；I felt something terrible was about to happen. was/were on the point of doing 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了；I m glad you have
40、come. I was on the point of calling you, but youve saved me the trouble now. 很兴奋你来了；我正预备给你打电话,现在你省去我这个麻烦了；be about to do 和 be on the point of doing 结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但后面可以接 when引导的分句； I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 我刚要动身天突然下雨了；基本结构： was/were/going to + do； would/should + do. 否定
41、形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首； would/should 提到句首；. 几种常見时态的相互轉换英语中的几种时态在肯定情形下可以相互轉换,以下是几种常見的轉换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的轉换在现在完成时中,连续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用,瞬时动词却不能；但是,可用別的表达方式：瞬时动词用于“ 一段时间+ ago” 的一般过去时的句型中；瞬时动词可名师归纳总结 改成与之相对應的连续性动词及短语,与一段时间連用；瞬时动词用于“It is + 一段时第 8 页,
42、共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载间 + since + 一般过去时” 的句型中,表示“ 自从 以来有 时间” 的意思,主句一般用 it is来代替 It has been;瞬时动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时” 的句型中；请看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the Leag
43、ue. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的轉换在一般现在时中,at 加上名词表示“ 处于某种状态” ,如at work （在工作） , at school（上学、上课）等；此短语可与进行时态轉换；请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的轉换在现在进行时态中 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作；如：I am coming, Mum. 意为“ 我就来,妈妈！” 请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+ 动词原形” 与“willshall+ 动词原形” 结构的轉换“ be going to+