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1、初中英语基本时态总结、 一般现在时1、概念：1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.（提问用 How often ）例：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. Tom gets up at 6:00 every morning. 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太
2、阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3） 格言或警句。例： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：宾语从句中， 即使主句是过去时， 从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。2、结构：表状态S+ am/is/are+ P （句中有实义动词不用be）表动作 S+V 原+O （若主语是单三人称，谓动加s/es。）3、句式变化：变疑问 ，有 be 把 be 提到主语前；无 be 在主语前加 do/does
3、，谓动变为 原形。变否定 ，有 be 在 be 后加“not”；无 be 在主语后加 dont/doesn t，谓动变为原形。例： They are in the classroom. Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are./ No, they arent. They aren t in the classroom He often waters the flowers . Does he often water the flowers? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. He doesn t often water th
4、e flowers、 一般过去时1、 概念： 1）表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语： yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页例：Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或
5、习惯性的动作。例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 2、结构：表状态S+ was/were+ P 表动作 S+V 过去式 +O （注：句中有实义动词不用be）3、句式变化：变疑问，有 be 把 be 提到主语前；无 be 在主语前加 did，谓动变为原形。变否定，有 be 在 be 后直接加 “not”；无 be 在主语后加 didn t，谓动变为原形. 例： She was in Xian last month. Was she in Xian last month? Yes, she was. / No,
6、she wasn t. She wasnt in Xian last month. Danny grew a rose just now, Did Danny grow a rose just now? Yes, he did. / No, he didnt. Danny didn t grow a rose just now,、 现在进行时：1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。时间状语： now, at this time, these days,以及有 look, listen 时。例：Listen！The birds are singing. 2、结构： S + am/is/a
7、re + doing 助动 现在分词3、句式变化：变疑问，把 am/is/are 提到主语前；变否定，在 am/is/are 后直接加 “not”。例： I am writing a letter now. Are you writing a letter now? Yes, I am. / No, I m not. I am not writing a letter now. (注：am 和 not 不能缩写。 ) The boys are pla ying football. Are the boys playing football?Yes, they are. / No, they a
8、rent. The boys arent playing football.、 过去进行时：1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time， at 8:00 yesterday, 或有 when / while 引导的时间状语从句等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页例：We were having an English class at 9:30 yesterday morning. I was reading a b
9、ook while my mother was watching TV. 2、结构： S + was/were + doing 3、句式变化：变疑问，把 was/were 提到主语前；变否定，在 was/were 后直接加 “not”。例： At that time they were working in the garden. Were they working in the garden at that time? Yes, they were. / No, they werent.At that time they were working in the garden. When he
10、 came in, I was reading a newspaper. When he came in, were you reading a newspaper? Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.When he came in, I wasnt reading a newspaper.、一般将来时1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。时间词 :tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven oclock tomorrow evening, next year, this year, at the end of this term, fro
11、m now，in ten minutes, in 2025 例：They will do an experiment tomorrow afternoon. Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term. 2、 结构： S +will+ V 原+其他(will 可改为 be going to , 当主语是第一人称时will 可用 shall) 例：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you/(Are you going to）be at home at
12、seven this evening? 3、 句式变化：变疑问，把 will 提到主语前；变否定，在 will 后直接加 “not”。例; She will drive to Beijing next week. Will she drive to Beijing next week? Yes, she will. / No, she wont. She wont drive to Beijing next week. be going to + V 原表示 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例：What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划， 安排要发生的事。例
13、： The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例： Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. be +不定式：表示将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六将讨论这份报告精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页 用现在进行时表示将来come, go, arrive, leave, start,
14、 begin, return等终止性动词可用现在进行时表示将来。例：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？、 现在完成时：1. 表示： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间词：ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately(最近 )， in the past few years 2. 或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。时间词：for + 时间段，since +过去时间点 /从句。（提问用How
15、 long ）例：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. He has learned French for two years. 2.结构： S + have/has + done 助动 过去分词3. 句式变化：变疑问，把 have/has 提到主语前；变否定，在 have/has 后直接加 “not”。例： Ive already written an article. Have you written an article yet? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. I haven t wr
16、itten an article yet. Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993. Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt.Li Ming hasnt lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时1）一般过去时表示过去某具体时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成影响，强调的是结果。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模
17、糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。例：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，指结果）He joined the League three years ago. （强调加入这一动作）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页