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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022 中学英语语法汇总七年级上册一、名词1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:(1)一般情形下,在词尾加 s. e.g. bookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boy boys 辅音结尾的名词后的 s 的读音为 s,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的 s 读音为 z;(2)以 s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加 es. e.g. beach beaches,brush brushes,busbuses,boxboxes(es 读音为 iz(3)以 “辅音字母 y”结尾的名词,先变 y 为 i
2、,再加 es. e.g. city cities,family families,documentary documentaries,countrycountries,strawberry strawberries(ies 读音为 iz )(注:以 “元音字母 +y” 结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s. e.g. boys,holidays,days)(4)以元音字母;结尾的名词,变复数时情形如下:有生命的,加 es. tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes 结尾是两个元音字母的加 s,e.g. zoozoos,radio radios 无生命的,加 s,e.g. pianopi
3、anos ,photo photos zero 变复数时,既可加 s,也可加 e.g. zeroszeroes (5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,先把f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 es. e.g. wife wives,leaf leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thief thieves(ves 读音为 vz (留意: roof 的复数为 roofs; scarf 的复数为 scarfsscarves)(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s 或 es,而是变换其中的字母;e.g. man men,woman women,policeman polic
4、emen,Englishman Englishmen,Frenchman Frenchmen, foot feet, tooth teeth, child children,mousemice,oxoxen(公牛)(7)仍有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同;e.g. Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish (8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不行用作单数;e.g. people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors 另外,当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数;e.g. an apple tree,five apple
5、trees,a girl friend,two girl friends ,a twin sister 但是,当 man 和 woman 作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式;e.g. two men teachers,three women doctors 可用 “量词+of+ 名词复数 ”这一结构表示可数名词的数量;e.g. a room of students,two boxes of pencils 2.不行数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下;(1)表不定数量时,一般用 much,( a)little ,a lot oflots of,some,any 等词修饰;e.g
6、. much money,a little bread (2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词 +量词+of+不行数名词;如: twothree +量词复数十 of+不行数名词;e.g. a bag of rice,two glasses of milk,four bottles of water 3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不行数名词,但词义有所不同;e.g. fruit 水果 fruits 表示不同种类的水果; food 食物 foods 各种食品; fish 鱼fishes 鱼的种类; drink 饮料、酒 a drink 一杯一份饮料、一杯酒;cloth 布a cloth 桌布、抹布;s
7、and沙 sands沙滩; tea茶 a tea一杯茶; chicken 鸡肉 a chicken小鸡; orange橘汁 an orange 橘子; glass玻璃 a glass玻璃杯, glasses眼镜; paper纸 a paper试卷、论文; wood 木头 a wood小森林; room 空间、余地 a room 房间名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 本册已经学过的不行数名词有:broccoli .br.k.li 西兰花 , food, dessert d.z.:t 甜点, orange, fruit
8、, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, time,ice-cream, salad, chicken既可作可数名词,又可作不行数名词 三名词的全部格:名词的全部格(表示人或物的所属关系)(1)有生命的名词全部格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词全部格;不是以 s 结尾的名词变成全部格时,在词尾加s. e.g. Mike s watch;Womens Day以 s 结尾的名词变成全部格时,只加 ;e.g. teachers office,students rooms两个或两个以上名词并列
9、,表示共同全部,只需在最终一个名词后加s.e.g. Tom and Mikes room 汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别全部,需在几个名词后都加s.e.g. Marys and Jenny玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)(2)无生命的事物的名词全部格常用 of 结构e.g. a map of China,the beginning of this game,the door of the room (3)特殊形式可用 s和 of 短语表示的名词全部格e.g. the boys name=the name of the boy(男孩的
10、名字)the dog s legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)China s population=the population of China(中国的人口)China s capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)双重全部格e.g. a fiend of my mother我妈妈的一个伴侣a picture of Tom汤姆的一张图片二、动词(一) Be 动词( am, is, are)的用法口诀:I 用 am , you 用 are ,is 连着他(he)她(she)它(it);单数统统用 is,复数一律都用 are. 变疑问,往前提,句
11、末问号莫丢弃,变否定,更简洁,莫迟疑;be 后 not 莫遗忘,疑问否定任你变,句首大写留意: be 动词通常会和其他词连写在一起,如:I m , what s ,name s, they re例如: -What is your name.= -Whats your name. -My name is Cindy. = -My names Cindy.-Are you a student. = -Are you a student. -Yes, I am a student. = Yes, Im a student.-What are they. = -What are they. -They
12、 are apples. =Theyre apples.What is this. =Whats this.(二)动词第三人称单数的构成规章:a.一般情形下在动词词尾加s 如: get-gets, like-likes playplays, wantwants,workworks, knowknows, helphelps b. 以字母 s、x、ch 或 o 结尾的动词加 -es;如: guessguesses, fix fixes, teachteaches,brushbrushes, gogoes,dodoes,watchwatches,catchcatches c. 以辅音字母 y 结尾
13、的动词,先变y 为 i,再加 -es;如:studystudies,carrycarries,flyflies,worryworries 特殊词:have-has 三、代词(一)人称代词及物主代词名师归纳总结 人称第一人称其次人称第三人称单数第一人称其次人称第三人称第 2 页,共 34 页单数单数复数复数复数主格I you he she it we you they 宾格我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们me you him her it us you them 形容词我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们my your his her its our your their - - - - - - -
14、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 性物主代 词名词性物主mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 代词我的你的他的她它我们的你们的他(她、它)的的们的1.通常情形下,人称代词的主格在句子中作主语;2.通常情形下,人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语;3.形容词性的物主代词属于限定词,后面要跟它所限定的名词;4.通常情形下,人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的 be 动词缩写;如: I am=I m you are=you re he is=he s she is=she s it is =its we are=we re they are=t
15、heyre(二)指示代词 this ,that, these, those. These 是 this 的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;Those 是 that 的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事;例如: This is my room. That is Lucys room. These are his brothers. Those are his books. 四、数词(一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词;1.基数词的构成(1)1-20 one,two,three,four,five ,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,ele
16、ven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty (2)21-99 先说 “几十”,再说 “几”,中间加连字符;23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45forty 89eighty-nine,91ninety-one five,56fifty -six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,(3)101999 先说 “几百 ”,再加 and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six, 803eight
17、 hundred and three(4)l,000 以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“ ,”,第一个 “ ,”前为 thousand.其次个 “ ,”前为 million ,第三个 “ ,”前为 billion (美式)或 thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示;1,001 one thousand and one9,785 nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five 18,423 eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309 six million
18、two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式)seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)(二)序数词 在英语中表示次序、次序的词称为序数词;1.序数词的构成(1)一般在基数词后加 th e.g. four fourth,thirteen thirteenth(2)不规章变化 one first,two second,three third,five fifth,eight eighth,n
19、ine ninth,twelve twelfth (3)以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 th twenty twentieth, forty fortieth,ninety ninetieth(4)从二十一后的 “几十几 ”直至“几百几十几 ”或“几千几百几十几 ”只将个位的基数词变为序数词;twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 2.序数词的用法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - (1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用;e.g. Tom is t
20、heir second son. He is the first one to come here. (2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又” ,“再一 ”e.g. He tried a second time.他又试了 次;Shall l ask him a third time?仍要我再问他 次吗?(我已问了他两次)(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母;1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd (4)表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词;2005 年 8 月 15 日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,20
21、05;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005 (三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号;No.1(1 号), No.3 bus(3 路公共汽车), Room 103,( 103 号旁间),The second lesson=Lesson Two(其次课)(四)分数词的表达分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1 时,分母加 s 13-one third; 25-two fifths (五)数学运算的表达eg.3+5=8 Three plus pl.s加and five is eight. 9-2=7 Nine minus.ma.n.s减 two is seven. 6x5=3
22、0 Five times six is thirty 五、介词82=4 Eight divided by two is four. 1. 常用介词及其比较:表示地理位置的介词:1 at ,in, on, to at 1表示在小地方 ; 2表示“在 邻近,旁边 ” in 1表示 在大地方 ; 2表示“ 在 范畴之内”;on 表示毗邻,接壤 to 表示在 范畴外,不强调是否接壤E.g.:He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies
23、 in the east of China. Russia lies on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. 2 above, over, on 在 上above 指在 上方 ,不强调是否垂直,与 below 相对;over 指垂直的上方 ,与 under相对 ,但 over 与物体有肯定的空间,不直接接触;on 表示某物体上面并与之接触;e.g. The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put hi
24、s watch on the desk. 3below, under 在 下面 under表示在 正下方 below 表示在 下,不肯定在正下方e.g. There is a cat under the table. 表示时间的介词:1 in , on,at 在 时Please write your name below the line. in 表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节 、月及 一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等;e.g. in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in one s life , in one s thirties 等
25、;on 表示详细某一天及某一天的早、中、晚;in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, e.g. on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year s Day, on a cold night , on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等;at 表示某一时刻 或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等;e.g. at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , a
26、t Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等;留意:在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词;如:We meet every day. 2in, after 在 之后“ in +段时间 ”表示将来的一段时间以后;“ after+段时间 ”表示过去的一段时间以后;“ after+将来点时间 ”表示将来的某一时刻以后;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. My mother will come back in
27、 three or four days. He arrived after five months. She will appear after five oclock this afternoon. 3 from, since 自从 from 仅说明什么时候开头,不说明某动作或情形连续多久;since 表示某动作或情形连续至说话时刻,通常与 完成时 连用;e.g. He studied the piano from the age of three. They have lived here since 1978. 4after, behind 在 之后 behind 主要用于表示位置;af
28、ter 主要用于表示时间;e.g. We shall leave after lunch. 表运动方向的介词:across, through 通过,穿过Lucy is hiding behind an old house. across表示横过 ,即从物体表面通过,与on 有关;through 穿过 ,即从物体内部穿过,与in 有关;e.g. She swam across the river. 表示 “在 之间 ”的介词:between, among He walked through the forest. between指在两个人或两个事物之间;表示其他意义的介词:among指在三个或三
29、个以上的人或事物之间;1on ,about 关于 on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是庄重的,或学术性的,可供特地讨论这一问题的人阅读;about表示内容较为一般,不那么正式;e.g. There will be a lecture.lekt.r 演讲 on economics.i:k.n.m.ks经济学 this afternoon. He is writing a book on cooking. He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation. 2by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以 方法、手段或泛指某种交通
30、工具;with 表示用 工具、手段,一般接详细的工具和手段;in 表示用 方式,用 语言语调、笔墨、颜色 等;e.g. He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the window with a stone. The foreigner .f.r.n.r 外国人 spoke to us in English. 3except, besides 除了except 除 之外,不包括在内;besides 除 之外,包括在内;e.g. Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.王先生没去 Besides
31、 Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了 六、句型句型结构1. 确定句:主语+beam, is, are+主语 +can+动词原形 + t.主语 +行为动词原形或行为动词单三形式 +其他 2. 否定句:主语+beam, is, are+not+主语 +cantcan not +动词原形 +主语 +dontdoesn +动词原形 +3. 一般疑问句a. BeAm/Is/Are+ 主语 + ?Yes,主语 +be No,主语 +be not. b. Can+主语 +动词原形 + ?Yes,主语 +can. No,主语 +cant.c. Do/Do
32、es+ 主语 +动词原形 + ?Yes,主语 +do/does. No, 主语 +dont/doesn 4.特殊疑问句a.疑问词 +be+主语 + ?主语 +be+b.疑问词 +can+主语 +动词原形 + ?主语 +can+动词原形 +c.疑问词 +do/does+ 主语 +动词原形 + ?主语 +动词原形(动词三单形式)+其他 d.疑问词:who/how/how old/how much/where/ when/why/what/which/ what kind of/ what time/what color/what subject 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,
33、共 34 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5.There be 句型 There be 表示的概念是“有 ”,是一种存在的关系,即“某地有某物 ” ;There 是引导词, be 是谓语动词(am, is , are ),后面就是名词,也就是句子的主语;There is + 可数名词的单数或不行数名词 +地点;There are +名词复数 +地点;There be 句型的确定式:There is + 可数名词的单数或不行数名词+地点;There are + 名词复数 +地点;否定式:There is + not + 可数名词的单数或不行数名词+地点;+地点 +. Ther
34、e are + not + 名词复数 +地点;一般疑问句形式:Is there + 可数名词的单数或不行数名词Are there + 名词复数 +地点 +. 2022 中学英语语法汇总 七年级下册Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?1, 情态动词 +V 原can do= be able to do 2, play+ the+ 乐器play +球类,棋类3, join 参与社团、组织、团体4, want= would like +(sb)to do sth 5, 4 个说的区分: say+内容speak+语言talk 谈论: talk about sth talk wi
35、th sb talk to sb tell 告知,叙述: tell sb (not)to do sth tell stories/ jokes 6, 4 个也的区分: too 确定句末(前面加逗号)either 否定句末(前面加逗号)also 行前 be 后as well 口语中(前面不加逗号)7, be good at+ V-ing=do well in 善于于be good for 对 有益(be bad for 对 有害)be good to 对 友好( good 可用 friendly ,nice,kind 替换)be good with 和 相处好 =get on/ along we
36、ll with 8, 特殊疑问句的构成: 疑问词 +一般疑问句9, How/ what about+V-ing 怎么样?(表建议)10,感官动词( look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like 11,挑选疑问句:回答不能直接用Yes或者 No,要从中挑选一个回答12,students wanted for school show招募同学参与学校演出 (wanted表示招募,含有被动意义)13,show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth 14,help sb(to)do sth ; help
37、sb with sth ; with sbs help= with the help of sb ; help oneself to 任凭享用15,be busy doing sth / be busy with sth 16,need to do sth 17,be free= have time 18,have friends= make friends 19,call sb at +电话号码 20,on the weekend= on weekends 21,English-speaking students 说英语的同学(带有连词符,有形容词性质)Unit 2 What time do
38、 you go to school?1,问时间用 what time 或者 when At+ 钟点 at 7 oclock at noon/ at night(during/ in the day)stOn+ 详细某天、星期、特指的一天 on April 1 on Sunday on a cold winter morning In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上2,时间读法:顺读法逆读法:分钟 30用 past five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)分钟 30 用 to a quarter to ten(9:45)整点用 oclock 7 o cl
39、ock(7:00)3,3 个穿的区分: wear 表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等put on 表动作,接服装dress 表动作,接 sb/ oneself get dressed穿衣4, 感叹句: How+adj+主谓!How+adj+a/an +n 单+主谓!What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!What+ adj+ n 复/ 不行数 +主谓!5, from to 6, be/ arrive late for 7, either or 8, a lot of=lots of第 6 页,共 34 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
40、 - 9, 频度副词(行前 be 后)always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never 10,一段时间前面要用介词 for for half an hour for five minutes 11, eat/ have for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper12,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj 修饰 to do sth)It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj 修饰 s
41、b)It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. Unit 3 How do you get to school?1,疑问词How 如何(方式)how long 多长(时间)答语常用 “(For/ about +)时间段 ”how far 多远(距离)答语常用 “(It )数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”how often 多久一次 (频率) 答语常用 “ Always/ often/ every day/或 “次数+时间 ”等表频率的状语How soon 多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中;答语常用“ in +时间段 ”h
42、ow many 多少(接可数名词)how much(接不行数名词)why 为什么(缘由)what 什么when 何时who)whose谁的who 谁whom 谁(宾格)(针对宾语提问也可用2,宾语从句要用陈述句语序3,Stop sb from doing sth Stop to do 停下来去做其他事 Stop doing 停止正在做的事4,what do you think of/ about?= how do you like?你认为 怎么样?5,He is 11 years old. He is an 11-year-old boy. 6,many students= many of t
43、he students 7,be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 担忧8,play with sb 9, come true 10,have to do sth 11,he is like a father to me (like 像)12,leave 离开 leave for 动身前往某地 13,cross 是动词 across是介词14,thanks for +n/ V-ing Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me. Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thanks to 幸亏,由于,由于15,4 个花费:人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间 /钱+(in)doing sth/ on sth 人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth It takes/ took sb +时间 +to do s