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1、南方医科大学2010级博士学位论文细菌脂蛋白耐受经RNA聚合酶II S2磷酸化在转录水平上调控基因的差异表达BLP tolerance-induced gene expression is regulated at thetranscriptional level via RNA Polymerase II S2 phosphorylation课题来源:教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目“炎症相关疾病的细胞信号机制研究及其新药筛选”。项目编号NOIRT0731;“重大疾病的分子基础及药物筛选”广东省“211工程”三期重点学科建设项目;重大基础理论研究发展(973)计划项目课题“炎症过程中细胞
2、间相互作用的信号转导机制及其应用研究”。项目编号NO2010 CB529704;国家自然科学基金委员会重点项目MRP8MRPl4对抗原递呈细胞和T细胞免疫应答反应的影响机制项目编号NO81 030055。学位申请人导师姓名专业名称培养类型培养层次所在学院i蒋姜勇 教授病理生理学学术型博士研究生基础医学院年 月 日 广州嘲煺博士学位论文一细菌脂蛋白耐受经RNA聚合酶II S2磷酸化在转录水平上调控基因的差异表达博士研究生:王蔚指导教师:姜勇教授摘要当机体受到细菌感染时,内源性免疫细胞通过模式识别受体(patternrecognition receptors,PRRs)特异性识别病原微生物的病原相
3、关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs), 如细菌脂多糖(1ipopolysaccharide,LPS),细菌脂蛋白(bacterial lipoprotein,BLP)等,从而激活细胞信号转导通路,诱导基因表达,最终促发炎症并清除病原。然而内源性免疫细胞,特别是巨噬细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞释放的TNF0t,IL1p和IL6等促炎因子,往往会过度扩大炎症反应,加重疾病,甚至导致脓毒症患者的多器官功能衰竭。因此,有效抑制促炎细胞因子的过度释放,并同时维持免疫细胞的细菌杀灭能力,一直是病理生理学研究的重要课题。研究发现,在使用致死剂量
4、LPS诱导小鼠脓毒症休克之前先给小鼠注射低于致死剂量的LPS,可以有效抑制小鼠体内促炎因子水平,小鼠死亡率显著下降,这种现象被称为LPS耐受。早期研究证实,LPS耐受的单核巨噬细胞中TLR4信号通路受到抑制,因此认为LPS耐受的产生是由于细胞对LPS再次刺激失去应答能力。然而,最近Foster等人发现,在LPS耐受的小鼠巨噬细胞中,LPS诱导基因并不是全面地处于抑制状态,不同功能的基因可被LPS再刺激不同程度地诱导表达。并且这种功能相关基因的差异表达是通过转录水平上基因启动子处组蛋白4乙酰化(H4Ac)和组蛋白3第四位赖氨酸三甲基化(H3K4me3)的差异修饰来调控的。BLP也可以诱导耐受。与
5、LPS耐受相比,BLP耐受的小鼠不仅在致死剂量中文摘要的BLP再刺激下可以有效存活,还可以对致死剂量的LPS产生交叉耐受。除了体内的TNF0L,IL6等促炎因子分泌量明显降低以外,BLP耐受小鼠免疫细胞的表面细菌吞噬受体CR3和FcyR表达量明显上调,因此BLP耐受小鼠对细菌的识别,吞噬和细胞内杀灭能力均增强。细胞水平的研究发现,BLP耐受细胞中,BLP识别受体TLR2诱导的信号转导通路受到抑制,提示BLP耐受时,功能蛋白的表达差异可能是由于其基因的表达在转录水平上受到了不同的调控所导致。由此,本实验提出并且解决以下四个问题:1)BLP耐受过程中蛋白表达的差异是由其基因的表达差异所产生;2)这
6、种差异表达是BLP耐受诱导的基因功能相关的再程序化,并且在TLR2信号通路受到广泛抑制的情况下,BLP耐受诱导基因的差异性表达是受转录水平的调控;3)BLP耐受与LPS耐受诱导的基因差异表达其调控机制不同,基因启动子处的组蛋白修饰在BLP耐受基因和BLP非耐受基因上并无差异:4)BLP耐受时不同功能相关基因的差异性表达是通过RNA Pol II S2磷酸化实现的,并且这种调控作用发生在基因转录时的最后一个外显子处。为了证明BLP耐受的细胞受到再次刺激后,BLP诱导基因是否在TLR2信号通路受到抑制的情况下呈现差异性表达,分别对正常的和BLP(100 ngm1)耐受的小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞施以1,00
7、0 ngm|BLP刺激,采用基因芯片技术,比较45,102个小鼠基因在正常和BLP耐受两种细胞中的表达情况。在施以1,000ngml BLP刺激的耐受细胞中,有1,196个基因因为细胞对BLP的耐受而受到抑制,我们把这类因为细胞对BLP耐受而受到抑制的基因称为耐受基因(tolerizeable genes,T genes);另外有1,058个基因在耐受细胞中反而表现出比正常细胞更强的表达能力,我们把这类基因称为非耐受基因(non-tolerizeablegenes,NT genes)。为了研究BLP耐受时BLP诱导基因的差异性表达是否与基因功能相关,按照基因芯片结果中基因的表达变化倍数值从大到
8、小的顺序,分别对耐受基因和非耐受基因进行排序,从两组基因中各选出表达量变化最为显著的100个基II博士学位论文因,并根据这些基因的功能进行分类。参与BLP应答的基因在BLP耐受过程中变化最为显著的前100个基因的功能主要来自于促炎血管激活,病原体识别抗原递呈,抗炎及信号通路负调因子,干扰素应答,细胞趋化和迁移,以及代谢几个方面。对该分类结果进行统计,在非耐受基因组中,与病原体识别抗原递呈相关的基因占其中的28,而促炎血管激活相关基因仅占8。而在耐受基因组中情况则完全不同,促炎血管激活基因占30,病原体识别抗原递呈相关基因的比例仅为6。其他功能的基因在两组中分布比例基本相同,如抗炎及信号通路负调
9、因子基因在两组中均为4:干扰素应答基因在耐受基因组中占2,在非耐受基因组中占4;细胞趋化迁移相关基因在耐受基因组中占8,而在非耐受基因组中占4;代谢基因在耐受基因组中占50,而在非耐受基因组中占52。说明BLP耐受时基因表达的特异性与基因的功能相关,具体表现为促炎血管激活基因的广泛抑制和病原体识别航原递呈相关基因的持续表达。为了进一步研究BLP耐受过程中,功能相关的基因表达差异的调控机制,分别从促炎血管激活相关基因中选取典型耐受基因,从病原体识别抗原递呈相关基因中选取典型非耐受基因,用RealtimeqPCR的方法进一步确认两组基因在mRNA水平上存在差别。耐受基因1112b(T=2095,p
10、2fold verSus those in naive cells)and we name those genesas the nontolenzcablegenes(class NT genes)To funher觚alyze whether the different expression of BLP-induclble geneswere functionally attributed to proinflammatoryvasoacitve,pathogenrecognitionta略etin#presentation,antiinflammatorynegative regulat
11、orSof slgnallng,interferon陀sponse,chemotaxiscell migration,and metabolism Amongthe。nostdownregulated top 1 00 genes from the class NT genes,28ofthem were assoclatedwith pathogen recognitio献a唱eting,prcsentation and only 8of them were Iinkedt0proinflammat0呐asoacitve By contrast,among the most down-reg
12、ulatcd top l uugenes f0m the class T genes,30were associated with proinflammato巧Vasoacl“eand onlv 6were linkedto pathogen recognitiontargetingpre:sentationThereweresimilar di嘶butions of other gene function categories betweenthe class T genes锄dthe class NT genes,eg 4of genes linked to antiinflammator
13、ynegatlVe reguIatorsof signaling were found in both classes;2of T genesand 4of NT genes wereassociated with inte疵ron response;8of T genes and 4ofNT genes were Iinkedto chemotaxiscell migration;50of T genes and 52of NT genes are代sponSlblefor metabolism1莒郇耋幡Hd晾昏=雠薹M砌噼m獬砌峭畔幽e1盯屺叭菱恤一删m峨恤灿一娜m甜肌凡器洳燃=他;i卿盯
14、廿a量15)觚1C由nI、一一:誊甜m龉讯捌t量一曲嘴雌萨酗毒三弧O邸椰m妇郇一姊缸蛐倒叫乱P协仔m叫哪吣们r、JL唱M萨觚n0e00M挑mABSTRACTWe verified these functionrelated distinct expression patterns by analyzingrepresentative genes from each categoryProinflammatoryvasoactive genes Il 1 2b,Ccl20,Ccl22,Jmjd3,and Lck were chosen for the class T genes,and path
15、ogenrecognitiontargetingpresentation genes Mmp8,Cd209f,and Cd2099 were chosen forthe class NT genesWe performed Read-time-qPCR to further confirm the differenceof gene expression at the mRNA levelAfter 4 h of 1,000 ngml BLP stimulation,Il 1 2b,Ccl20,Ccl22,Jmjd3,and Lck from the class T genes were hi
16、ghly induced innaive BMMs but not induced in BLP-tolerised BMMs(p2)。非耐受基因是指该基因在正常细胞受到BLP刺激后可被诱导表达,而在BLP耐受细胞受到BLP刺激后,其表达水平上调2倍以上(N+B)(T+B)2)。22小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞的分离与培养颈椎脱臼法快速处死小鼠后用70酒精清洁腹部和后腿。沿小鼠腹中线切口,并将皮沿后腿剥至脚跟。用剪刀除去后腿上的皮肤和组织,切断脚跟及与其相连的皮,弃去不要。用剪刀在髋关节处剪断后腿,留下股骨和胫骨,放在含有4C PBS中消毒过的50 ml聚丙烯管中,置于冰上。在超净工作台中丢弃液体,并用P
17、BS清洗3次后,将小鼠股骨和胫骨置于培养皿中。用刮刀刮去残留在骨头上的肌肉组织。从膝盖连接处切断以分离股骨和胫骨。分别切去股骨和胫骨的两端,暴露骨髓腔。将骨头转移至新的含有PBS或DMEM的培养皿中。用10 mI注射器将骨髓腔中的骨髓冲洗至新的50ml聚丙烯管中,每端用5ml DMEM。得到的骨髓放置冰上。1,500 rpm离心7 min,收集得到的小鼠骨髓,弃去上清,用含有01 pgml MCSF的DMEM培养基反复重悬细胞,直至所有细胞均分离成单个细胞。将得到的细胞悬液放置到10mL培养。将细胞放置到5C02,37细胞培养箱中。三天时,弃去培养基,用10 ml预热的PBS清洗细胞。弃去PB
18、S,加入10 ml新鲜的O1 Irtgml MCSF的DMEM培养基,继续培养两天。博士学位论文23 Real-time-qPCR标记PCR管,设置阳性对照、阴性对照、目的样品。然后按照PCR反应体系加入其它组分。反应体系如下表:将PCR管置于PCR仪并启动PCR程序(40个循环)如下24染色质免疫共沉淀241 In Vivo交联与细胞裂解每个培养皿(15mL培养基)中加入540 gL的优质37甲醛,轻摇混匀,使甲醛的终浓度为1。将细胞至于摇床,室温摇晃孵育10 min。每个培养皿准备10 mL的lxPBS并置于冰浴中。每个培养皿中加入10 m11xGlycine,以中和未反应的甲醛。轻摇混匀
19、,并置室温孵育5 min。将培养皿置于冰上。尽量吸弃细胞培养基,但不要碰到细胞层。加入10 mL的预冷PBS清洗细胞两次后在每个平皿加入l mL含有蛋白酶抑制剂的PBS。细胞刮将细胞收集于EP管中,将同组的两个平皿细胞合到一起。4,7209,离心10 min,沉淀细胞。离心完毕,吸弃上清液。细胞沉淀可以冻存于80。细胞沉淀用1 mL含有蛋白酶抑制剂的细胞裂解液重悬,冰浴孵育30 min。242染色质的酶切取出细胞裂解物转移至研磨器中进行研磨,使细胞彻底裂解。将裂解后的细胞产物转移到15 ml离心管中,2,400 g,4离心10 min。小心移去上清并弃去,用含有蛋白酶抑制剂的350 gl消化液
20、重悬细胞沉淀,并于37孵育5材料方法min。向预热的细胞重悬液中加入171剪切酶,旋涡震荡混匀后置于37。C孵育8min,每隔2 min震荡混匀一次。加入7“l的05 M EDTA终止酶切。至于低温离心机中18,000 g,4离心10 min。离心后吸取上清,即染色质。243交联蛋I兰IDNA的免疫沉淀反应取出样品,吸取lO pl作为input样品,置于80保存。剩下的样品按下表建立免疫反应体系:蛋白G磁珠 25 ulg塾!呈坠坚堡! 至Q些!染色质样品 100“l(-79)蛋白酶抑制剂cocktail 1 ul抗体 l3“gdH20 加至200I_tl混匀后置于冰上旋转孵育过夜。瞬时离心后将
21、离心管置于磁力架上,使磁珠贴近管底部,移去上清并弃去。244交联蛋白DNA复合体的洗涤用ChIP bufier l洗磁珠一次,再用ChIP buffer 2洗磁珠两次。最后一次洗涤磁珠后,将液体尽量洗干净以免影响实验结果。245蛋I刍DNA复合体解交联释放DNA用50l洗脱液AM2重悬磁珠并于室温孵育15 min。瞬时离心后,加入逆转交联缓冲液,解除DNAProtein交联。随后将离心管置于磁力架上,使磁珠贴壁,将上清转移到新的离心管中。向10Itl的input DNA中加入88 glChIPbuffer2和2 gl 5M的NaCI,使其终体积也达到1009l。将input DNA和沉淀后的D
22、NA样品一同加热95,15min。将样品恢复到室温,并瞬时离心将样品离心至管底。每个样品加入2 pl蛋白酶K,混合后37孵育l hr。将样品恢复到室温后加入2l蛋白酶K终止试剂。246纯化DNA向样品中加入1 009L苯酚氯仿,旋涡震荡充分混合后以最大转速离心5min。将上层液体转移到新的离心管中,加入lO gl 3M的醋酸钠(pH52)和250 gl 100乙醇。充分旋涡混匀后置于80冰冻1 hr。,最大转速离心10博士学位论文min后,小心移除上清。加入250l 70乙醇,4最大转速离心5 min。小心移除上清,将样品置于通风处自然风干。加入适当dH20溶解DNA。3统计学处理实验数据均用
23、均数4-标准差(X 4-SD)表示,统计学分析采用GraphPadPrism(Prism,La Jolla,CA,USA)软件,对多样本均数比较采用Onetailed t检验。p日Ck口,o墨oLLD母CL口o。口oko-罂ko宕里ok1112bClass T GenesN+B T+B120o言90C堇60o旦O 30kO32o言24C宝16o考08kOOCcl20N+B T+B图13 Class T代表基因mRNA水平在BLP耐受细胞中显著下调Figure 1-3Downregulation of the representative class T genes at the mRNA le
24、vel in BLPtolerised BMMsMurine BMMs were preincubated with culture medium(naive)or 1 00 nh11BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and re-stimulated with 1,000 neCrra BLP for 4 hTotal RNA was extractedand subjected to Realtime-qPCRClass T genes are class“tolerizeablegenes which are notinducible in BLPtolerised BMMsN
25、+B=naive BMMs restimulated with BLP,T+B=BLPtolerised BMMs restimulated with BLPData shown are the fold induction over naive BMMs(unstimulated)Data are expressed as the mean士SD of three independent experiments,木p: 4弓kOMmp8Class NT GenesN+B T+Bm,再Ckmo可oItCd翻蹴N+B T+B图14 Class NT代表基因mRNA水平在BLP耐受细胞中显著上调F
26、igure 1-4Up-regulation of the representative class NT genes at the mRNA level in BLP-tolerised BMMMurine BMMs were pre-incubated with culture medium(naive)or 1 00 ngmlBLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and restimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP for 4 hTotal RNA Was extractedand subjected to Real-time-qPCRClass NT gene
27、s are classnon-tolerizeablegenes which areinducible in BLP-tolerised BMMsN+B=naive BMMs restimulated with BLPT+B=BLPtolerised BMMs re-stimulated wim BI卫Data shown are the fold induction over naive BMMS(unstimulated)Data are expressed as the mean+SD of three independent experiments,p日CLoo口ou900O12固40
28、Class NT GenesCd209f雹+N+BT+B。2。20 40 60Mmp8Time(hours)+N+BT+B0 20 40 60Time(hours)图22 Class NT代表基因在BLP耐受的骨髓巨噬细胞中mRNA水平的表达动力学Figure 2-2The expression kinetics of the two representative class NT genes Cd209f and Mmp8at the mRNA level in BLPtolerised BMMMurine BMMs were preincubated with culturemedium(
29、naive)or 1 00 ngml BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and restimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP fordifferent time periodsTotal RNA was extracted at the indicated time points and subjected toRealtimeqPCRClass NT genes are classnontolerizeablegenes which are inducible in BLPtolerised BMMsN+B=naive BMMs re-stimulated wi
30、th BLP,T+B=BLPtolerised BMMs restimulated with BLE Data shown are the fold induction over naive BMMs(unstimulated)Dataare expressed as the mean士SD ofthree independent experiments,木木p一行c-I口o一oL结 果4hN+B1h 2h 4hActD TreatmentI|12bCcl22Jmjd3Cd209fMmp8图23 Class NT基因在BLP耐受骨髓巨噬细胞中表达上调与其基因mRNA的稳定性无关Figure 2
31、-3The upregulated NT gene expression in BLPtolerised BMMs is not due to ailenhanced mRNA stabilityMurine BMMs were stimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP for 4 h,andtreated with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D(ActD,10 ggm1)for 1,2,and 4 hTotalRNA was extracted at the indicated time points and subj
32、ected to RealtimeqPCRN+B=naiveBMMs stimulated with BLPmRNA degradation is represented as the percent of mRNAremaining after Act)treatment of each gene versus their maximal induction(N+B)Data shownare the percent of mRNA remaining of each gene after ActD treatment and represent oneexperiment from a t
33、otal of three separate experiments加柏加ocO;u3Dc一一叮I_lJ一I_上J-O器博士学位论文3启动子处组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化实验与甲基化和乙酰化的抑制实验炎症应答基因的表达依赖于细胞信号转导通路对刺激信号的传递与转录的发生。与信号通路水平的调控机制不同,转录水平上的调控更为多样化,如组蛋白修饰,转录因子的招募,核小体重构等;并且,这些调控机制具有更为精准的基因特异性。Medzhitove等人在LPS耐受机制的研究中发现基因特异性的转录调控机制位于转录水平。当正常细胞受到LPS刺激后,LPS耐受型和LPS非耐受基因启动子处的组蛋白4乙酰化和组蛋白3第四位赖氨
34、酸三甲基化均显著升高。而在LPS耐受细胞受到刺激后,上述两种转录阳性修饰在LPS耐受基因的启动子处受到抑制,而在LPS非耐受基因的启动子处发生了再修饰。采用特异性阻断剂抑制去乙酰化酶或去三甲基化酶的活性可以逆转LPS耐受基因在耐受细胞中的表达。这些结果证明了启动子处组蛋白4的乙酰化和组蛋白3第四位赖氨酸三甲基化参与了LPS耐受细胞中耐受基因和非耐受基因在转录水平上的特异性调控。由于已有研究证明固有免疫细胞如单核巨噬细胞对BLP和LPS的应答机制存在诸多的相似性,我们首先验证BLP耐受细胞在受到大剂量BLP再刺激时,其耐受基因和非耐受基因的不同表达是否也依赖于与LPS耐受相同的表观遗传学调控。因
35、此,我们采用染色质免疫共沉淀技术检测BLP耐受细胞中,耐受型和非耐受基因启动子处的组蛋白4乙酰化水平是否存在差异。如图31所示,两种类型基因的乙酰化水平在BLP耐受细胞中均显著升高,说明d,N量BLP的刺激可使BLP诱导基因启动子处的乙酰化水平持续升高。但是并没有在BLP耐受基因和非耐受基因之间存在差异。为了证实这一结果,我们进一步采用特异性去乙酰化酶抑制剂trichostatin A(TSA)抑制组蛋白去乙酰化,比较两组基因在正常细胞和BLP耐受细胞中的表达情况。由图32和图33可见,虽然加入去乙酰化酶抑制剂后两组基因表达水平均有所变化,但耐受基因1112b45结 果和Ccl20在BLP耐受
36、细胞中的抑制状态并未因受到去乙酰化抑制剂的影响而得到逆转。接下来我们又检测了BLP耐受型和非耐受基因启动子处的组蛋白3第四位赖氨酸三甲基化水平。在正常细胞和BLP f100 ngm1)耐受细胞受到大剂量(1,000 ngm1)BLP刺激后,在耐受基因1112b,Ccl20和非耐受基因Cd209f,Mmp8启动子处均未检测到三甲基化水平的显著升高(图34),说明组蛋白3第四位赖氨酸三甲基化并未发生在小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞对BLP的应答过程中。利用特异性去甲基化酶抑制剂pargyline(Parg)抑制组蛋白的去甲基化后,也未能恢复耐受基因在BLP耐受细胞中的表达(图35和图36)。因此,上述实验表明,
37、 虽然组蛋白4乙酰化和组蛋白3第四位赖氨酸三甲基化参与调控LPS耐受时基因的特异性表达。但是在BLP耐受过程中,耐受型和非耐受基因的特异性表达并不依赖于其基因启动子处组蛋白4的乙酰化和组蛋白3第四位赖氨酸的三甲基化。博士学位论文ACH4o_一 CLoO弓一oLI2010团置1 2b Ccl20 Cd209f Mmp8Class T GQP,eS Class NT GeRe$图31 Class T与Class NT基因在BLP耐受骨髓巨噬细胞中的表达差异不依赖于组蛋白4的选择性乙酰化Figure 3-1Selective acetylation at histone H4 is not resp
38、onsible for different expression of classT and NT genes in BLPtolerised BMMsMurine BMMs were preincubated with culturemedium(naive)or 1 00 ngml BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and naive(N)and BLPtolerised(T)BMMswere further stimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP for 2 hAcetylation of histone H4 at promoters ofthe ind
39、icated class T and NT genes was analyzed by CHIPN+B=naive BMMs stimulated withBLP,T+B 2 BLPtolerised BMMs restimulated with BLP,AcH4=acetylation of histone H4Data shown are the fold induction over naive BMMs(UIIstimulated)Data are expressed as themean+SD ofthree independent experiments,料p旧CLoO口oItm仃
40、CLoo刁Ou90603000堇111 2bClass T GenesCcl20TSA +TSATSA +TSA图32组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂阻断组蛋白去乙酰化后Class T基因在BLP耐受骨髓巨噬细胞中的表达Figure 3-2Blockage of the histone deacetylase fails to reverse the down-regulated class T geneexpression in BLP-tolerised BMMsMurine BMMs were pre-incubated with culture medium(naive)or 1 00 ngml
41、 BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and naive(N)and BLPtolerised(T)BMMs werefurther stimulated with 1,000 ngnm BLP in the presence(+TSA)or absence(一TSA)of the histonedeacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A(TSA,50 riM)for 4 hTotal RNA was extracted and subjectedto Realtime-qPCRN+B=naive BMMs stimulated with BLP,T+B=
42、BLP-tolerised BMMs restimulated with BLE Data shown are the fold induction over naive BMMs(unstimulated)Dataare expressed as the mean+SD ofthree independent experiments,木木pCL。oo口oLL1612罾4010O755025O0Class NT GenesCd209fN+BMmp8TSA +TSAN+BTSA +TSA图33组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂阻断组蛋白去乙酰化后ClassNT基因在BLP耐受骨髓巨噬细胞中的表达Figure
43、 3-3Blockage of the histone deacetylase attenuates the upregulated class NT geneexpression in BLPtolerised BMMsMurine BMMs were preincubated with culture medium(naive)or 1 00 ngnm BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and naive(N)and BLPtolerised(T)BMMs werefurther stimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP in the presence(+TS
44、A)or absence(一TSA)of the histonedeacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A(TSA,50 nM)for 4 hTotal RNA was extracted and subjectedto RealtimeqPCRN+B=naive BMMs stimulated with BLP,T+B=BLPtolerised BMMs restimulated with BLPData shown are the fold induction over naive BMMs(un-stimulated)Dataare expressed as
45、 the mean+SD ofthree independent experiments,木切一眄cIoo口一o-|结 果H3K4me3100宝75甩C皇50o口足250012b Ccl20 Cd209f Mmp8Class T Genes CIass NT Genes图34 Class T与Class NT基因在BLP耐受骨髓巨噬细胞中的表达差异不依赖于组蛋白3赖氨酸4的选择性三甲基化Figure 3-4Selective trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 does not contribute to differentexpression o
46、f class T and NT genes in BLPtolerised BMMsMurine BMMs were preincubatedwith culture medium(naive)or 1 00 ngml BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and naive(N)and BLPtolerised(T)BMMs were further stimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP for 2 hTfirnethylation ofhistone H3 at lysine 4 at promoters of the indicated class T a
47、nd NT genes was analyzed by CHIPN+B=naive BMMs stimulated with BLP,T+B=BLPtolerised BMMs restimulated with BLP,H3K4me3=trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4Data shown are the fold induction over naiveBMMs(unstimulated)and represent one experiment from a total of three to five separateexperimentsE
48、ach experiment was carried out in duplicate50博士学位论文ClaSS T Genes-Parg +PargParg +Parg图35组蛋白去甲酰化酶抑制剂阻断组蛋白去甲酰化后Class T基因在BLP耐受骨髓巨噬细胞中的表达Figure 3-5Inhibition of H3K4 demethylase does not affect the down-regulated class T geneexpression in BLPtolerised BMMsMurine BMMs were preincubated with culture medium(naive)or 1 00 ngml BLP(tolerant)for 24 h,and naive(N)and BLPtolerised(T)BMMs werefurther stimulated with 1,000 ngml BLP in the presence(+Pa唱)or absence(一Parg)