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1、省泗阳高三语法专题-主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原那么，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原那么。一、就近一致原那么1由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原那么，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能
2、说服他改变主意。2here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原那么，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 这里有一把尺子、一些铅笔和两本字帖。二、意义一致原那么1谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。Politics is his favorite subject. 政治是他最爱的科目。 (2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上
3、是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。Do you know when the United Nations was set up? 你知道联合国是什么时候建立的吗？2谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer. 警察正在搜捕杀人凶手。3谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，
4、谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成局部，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. 就我所知，他的家庭不大，但全家人都是音乐爱好者。(2)“the形容词/分词表示“一类人时，谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 告诉我哪一个是你的房间，哪些是他们的房间(3)“the形容词/分词表示“一类人
5、时，谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.过去穷人被看不起。4区别a number of与the number of的用法a number of意为“很多，相当于many，因此，“a number of名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“的数量，中心词为“number，因此，“the number of名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of tourists have visited the old village.很多游客参观过这个古老的村子。The number of
6、 tourists is increasing.游客的数量在增加。5“kind (form，type，sort，species，series，quantity) of名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的形式。There is only a small quantity of newspapers left.只剩下了少量的报纸。Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.冷却需要大量的水。三、语法一致原那么1由and连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the名词单数and名词单数表示一个人(
7、双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. (2)“a/the名词单数anda/the名词单数表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。The teacher and the poet have just arrived. (3)“every名词单数andevery名词单数表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. 在我们国家，每个男孩和每个女孩都有受教育的权利。(4)
8、通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语，谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is not to his taste. 黄油面包不合他的口味。2“单数名词with，together with，as well as，along with，but，except.名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Nobody but his parents knows the secret.除了他的父母，没有人知道这个秘密。3不定代词each，either或由它们修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each of them wishes to be a p
9、rofessional football player.他们每个人都渴望成为职业足球运发动。4由some，any，no，every等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Anything is possible.一切皆有可能。5动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。When we will go there hasnt been decided yet.我们什么时候去那儿还没有定下来。6表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty pounds enough?50英镑够吗？7“分数/百分数of名词作主语时，
10、谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Twothirds of the books are about science.三分之二的书是关于科学的。Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.昨天只完成了百分之三十的工作。感悟高考1Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (湖南，33)Ais Bare Chas Dhave解析句意为：听摇滚
11、音乐会中的大声的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪了。此题主语为动名词短语，故谓语动词用单数，根据主谓关系可知，此处应是主动语态，故C项正确。2Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand. (，15)Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis；are解析句意为：一些诗人，像莎士比亚，(其作品)被广泛阅读，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中of whose works到句末为非限制性定语从句；第一个空的主语是some poets，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二个
12、空的主语是some of whose works，谓语动词也要用复数形式。3Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who evening dress. (全国，9)Awear Bwears Chas worn Dhave worn解析句意为：Barbara很容易被识别出来，因为她是唯一一名穿晚礼服的妇女。题干中先行词是the only one，故定语从句中用单数谓语动词；再根据主句的谓语动词是一般现在时知，从句也用一般现在时。4The number of foreign students attending
13、 Chinese universities rising steadily since 1997. (，25)Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been解析“the number ofn.作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。5Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. (，7)Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to解析当主语后出现together with/
14、as well as等介词短语时，谓语动词的单复数与介词短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除B、D两项；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。6. -Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!.，33解析 谓语动词根据后面的主语A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming领悟语法一.用所给词的适当形式填空1Several department stores，including the one we usually go to， (have) sidewalk
15、 sales this week.Lets go and have a look.2What the science teacher does and says (be) of great importance to college students.3. A number of students (be) playing on the ground but I dont know what the exact number (be)4. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that (be) to blame for their sons b
16、ad behaviour at school.5Mike，what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who (be) to visit the museum (be) asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.6Britain in common with many other industrialized countries， (experience) major changes over the last
17、 100 years.7Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority (be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.8So far a series of problems (be) brought about by this decision.二.单项填空1The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and water of its lak
18、es, rivers and oceans.Ahas Bdo Cis Dare2In fact，not only Mary and I but also Jane having one exam after another.Ais tired for Bare tired withCis tired of Dare tired of3Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.Awere Bhave been Chas been Dwas4At the bus stop a sold
19、ier and two young people on their way to the village.Awere Bwas Cis Dsits5Butter and bread their daily food，but the bread and the butter up now.Ais；is eaten Bare；have been eatenCare；are eaten Dis；have been eaten6An average of 200 letters a week received by the newspapers offer.Such the case with us
20、at present.Aare；is Bhas been；has been Chave been；is Dis；are7Its said that the team twelve top European players.Aconsists of Bis consisted of Care made up of Dmake up of8Sixty miles in a single night，so they were exhausted.Ais coveredBwas covered Care coveredDhas covered9 an EnglishChinese dictionary
21、.AThe students each have BThe students each hasCEach the students has DEach of the students have10 of the Russian students，teachers and parents was over 1,000；and of them were killed unfortunately.AThe number；the number BThe number；a numberCA number；half DA number；three quarters参考答案：一 1. are having
22、2.is 3.are, is 4.is 5. are, is 6. has experienced 7. were 8. have been 二1. C解析as.as.在这里表示“同一样的意思。句意为：大气是地球的一局部，就像土壤，湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一局部)一样。后面是一个省略句。原句复原为完整的句子为The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans are a part of it.。后面因为用and连接了soil和wat
23、er，故用复数are。2. Anot only.but also连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据就近原那么来定，故谓语动词用单数。3. B解析主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。4. C解析表处所的介词短语置于句首时句子要用倒装，该句的主语是a soldier and two young people，所以谓语动词用复数形式。5. A解析butter and bread抹上黄油的面包，已经是一种约定俗成的食物了，所以用单数形式；the bread and the butter意为 “面包和黄
24、油，是两种食物，谓语动词用复数。6. A解析an average of名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the average of名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；第二个句子是倒 装结构，主语是the case，故谓语动词用单数。7. A解析the team是指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；consist of无被动形式。8. B解析表示距离的词作主语时谓语动词用单数；由were可知用过去式。cover意为“行过(路程)。9. A解析each作the students的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；D项中的主语是each，谓语动词要用单数；没有C项这种表达形式。10. B解析the number of名词作主语时，意为“的数量，谓语动词用单数；a number of名词作主语时，意为“大量的，谓语动词用复数。