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1、省泗阳高三语法专题-介词解题理论和学法指导介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离), on top of(在顶上), ever since(自从), next to(在隔壁), according to(根据), in front of(在前方)等。2、介词的分类表： 地点(位置、范围)介词：above在前, about在附近, across在对面, after在后面
2、, against倚着., along在近旁, among在中间, around在周围, round在.周围, at在处, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁边, between在.之间, by在.旁, down在.下面, from来自., in在.里面, inside在.里面, near靠近., of在.之中, on在.上面, out of在.之外, outside在.外面, over在.上方, under在.下方, up在.上面, on top of在.顶部, in front of在.前, close to靠近., in the middl
3、e of在.的中间, at the end of在.的末端,等等。方向(目标趋向)介词：across横越., against对抗., along沿着., around绕着., round环绕., at朝着., behind向后面, etweenand从到.,by路过/通过., down向下, for向., from从/离., in进入., into进入., inside到.里面, near接近., off脱离/除., on向.上, out of向.外, outside向.外, over跨过., past经过/超过., through穿过., to向/朝., towards朝着., on to到
4、.上面, onto到.上面, up向.上, away from远离.时间介词：about大约., after在以后, at在 (时刻), before在以前, by到为止, during在期间, for有(之久), from从(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了(时), since自从(至今), through 贯穿(期间), till直到时, until直到时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在.开始时 ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.当中
5、,at the time of在.时方式介词：as作为/当作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(语言), like与一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有涉及介词: about关于., except除了, besides除了还. for对于/就而言, in在(方面), of的,有关., on关于/有关., to对而言, towards针对., with就而言其它介词:【目的介词】 for为了., from防止, to为了【原因介词】 for因为., with由
6、于, because of因为.【比拟介词】 as与一样,like象一样,than比.,to与相比, unlike与不同【伴随/状态介词】 against和一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着(衣服/颜色),into变成.,on在(值日), with与一起,有/带着/长着., without没有/无/不与一起3、介词短语的句法作用：介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came.(状)(那个人走下楼来)/The womanis from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/The teacher i
7、s now with the pupils.(表4、介词短语在句子中的位置：介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比拟,一般放在句尾; 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的
8、)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)5、重要注释： this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒) for有时用来引出动词不定式的
9、逻辑主语,常翻译成“对于而言。如：Its too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子够大的可以容10个人住) of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：Its very nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了) 介词有时会与它的宾语别离,而且宾语前置。 当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁?)
10、宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有 一个需要他照顾的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher 动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我 最终找到了一张椅子坐。)(5) 记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in(到达),on foot(步行),notat all(根本不),to the north of(在以北),in the east of(在的东部),in the night(
11、在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕),be full of(充满/ 装满.),be filled with(充满/ 装满.),be good/bad for(对有益/有害),be made of(由做成),be made from(由制造),play with(玩耍),look out of(朝外面看),at the end of(在末梢/结束时),by the end of(不迟于/到末为止),with the help of或with ones help(在的帮助下),look after(照料),look for(寻找),on a bike(=by bi
12、ke)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做),get on (well) with(与某人相处融洽),等等。例题感悟1Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.Afrom Bof Cto Din2The room was full _ smoke after the big fire. Aof Bwith Cin Dfor3Here are some presents _ you _ our best wishes.Ato; with Bfor; with Cof; about Dfor; for4Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were
13、born _ June, 1956.Ain Bat Con Dfor5The little boy is always interested _ science. Awith Bby Cin Dat6Li Lei often gets up _ seven oclock on Sundays.Aon Bin Cat Dfor7They arrived early _ a Tuesday morning.Aon Bat Cin Dof 8Macao澳门will return to our motherland _ December 20th, 1999. Aon Bat Cin Dfor9-Wh
14、en were you born? -I was born _ August 25, 1983. Aon Bin Cat Dto10Let me show you the place _ the map.Awith Bon Cin11John knows _ a computer.Ahow to use Bhow use Chow uses12The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning.Afrom; at Bof; to Cfrom; toDof; on 13The teacher will be ba
15、ck _ an hour.Ain Bafter Con14This programme was sent to the USA _ China _ satellite.Ain; of Bof; in Cfrom; by Dby; from15Its cold outside. Please your warm clothes. A. put in B. take off C. put on D. put up 1D在年代前面用介同in。2Afull of是一个短语，意为“充满。3B给“谁的礼物，用介词for，with表示“带着。4A在年、月名称前用介词in，而在日期前那么用on。5Cbeget
16、become interested in 对感兴趣。6C在“几点钟，用at。7A在“早、午、晚前面，用介词in，但在具体某一天的“早、午、晚前那么用on。8A9A在日期前用介词on。10B注意：on the map，on the paper，in the newspaper，in the book，这些短语中用不同的介词。11Ateach，tell，ask，learn等动词后可接“疑问词+to不定式结构作宾语。12A第一空填from表示“来自；第二空填at是因为后面的名词中心词是station。13Ain后面接表示一段时间的短语，用在一般将来时态中，表示“多长时间以后。14Cfrom表示“从，
17、by satellite通过卫星。15从句意理解，意为穿上暖和的衣服，应选 C。稳固练习1Eating too much isnt good _ your health. 2Im afraid he is _ the cinema _ the moment.3Thanks _ asking me to your party.4My watch is very different _ yours.5Whats the weather _ today?6The student is asking his teacher _ the sports meeting.7The farmers are a
18、ll getting ready _ the next year.8The radio says the wind will stop later _ the day.9Lets go out _ a walk, shall we?10Tom, your mother is waiting _ you. 11We have noodles for lunch for lunch _ times.12Harerbin is _ the north of China.13The day _ tomorrow will be windy.14Dont worry _ your test. 15I d
19、ont know which is the way _ the park.16An old woman is _ the side of the road. 17_ the end of the road youll see the hospital18He left Tokyo _ a visit _ Beijing.19Dont laugh _ other peoples mistakes.20 He did this instead _ me.21The people here are very friendly _ us. 22Does he learn English _ himse
20、lf?23I felt a little afraid _ my teacher.24Im afraid hell fall _ the bike. 25Help yourselves _ some fish, Lily and Lucy.26_ these words he left the classroom.27It was a pleasure _ me.28Im sorry Im late _ the meeting. 29Study hard, or you wont catch up _ your classmates.30Not far _ him was Lin TaoLin
21、 Tao ran fast, too.答案1for，be goodbad for表示客观事物对某人如何，所以其它主语多为something或动名词。be goodkindfriendlybad to 多指某人对某人如何，其主语多为somebody。2at； atat the cinema 在电影院，at the moment 此刻、现在。3forThanksThank youfordoingsth谢谢你做某事。4fromdifferent from与不同。5likelike意为“象。6toask sbto sth邀请某人参加某项活动。7forget ready for为准备。8inin the
22、 day在白天，也中说成 in the daytime。9forgo out for a walk出去散步。10forwait for等待。11atat times有时，间或。12inin the north of 在内部的北部。13afterthe day after tomorrow后天。14aboutworry about为担忧。15to50at 51At。at the end在的末端，末尾。16for；tofor a visit中的for表目的；a visit to表“参观17atlaugh at嘲笑。18ofinstead of代替。19to56by oneself。由自己。20of
23、feel afraid of感到害怕，be afraid of害怕。21offfall off从上摔下来。22tohelp oneself to sth随便吃用拿某物。23WithWith these words说完这些话。24for表示“客观上对来说。25forbe late for做某事迟到了。26withcatch up with 赶上。27behind表示Lin Tao在he的后面。此处用behind强调前后位置。far后面还可接介词from，表示“远离。28atat once立即。29asas usual象往常一样。30ofway of doing sth做某事的方法。way后面还可接to不定式做定语。