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1、初四年级中考一轮复习语法专项2五、介词1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在 1)at + 具体时刻 2)on + 具体某天具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某局部但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 6._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring8._ nigh
2、t 9._ this time 10. _ March另外注意：在时间词morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. _2. in , on , at 表地点：at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的外表。例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2)They arri
3、ved _a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole _ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture _ the wall.3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为以下图的位置关系eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过，越过=go acr
4、oss4. across: 外表跨过through: 内部穿过，贯穿 介词eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river? 2)The road runs _ the forest. 3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用after + 时间段：与过去时连用但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。 1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes. 2)They left _ two weeks.6. in the tre
5、e(外加在树上的事物) on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)7. on the wall(墙外表的事物) 1) There is a map _ the wall 2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，那么应使用相应的介词。eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car on: 在外表上接触9. over: 在的
6、正上方 above: 在的斜上方 未接触 1) The moon rose _ the hill. 2) There is a bridge _ the river. 3) There is a book _ the desk.10. between: 在两者之间 among :在三者以上之间 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. _ them were his parents. 2)Tom sits _Lucy and Lily.与about : 关于 on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等 about用于非
7、正式的谈话或随便提及eg. He gave a talk _ the history of the Party12. in front of :在前面/方范围外= before in / at the front of:在前部范围内1)There is a big tree _ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _ of the bus.类似区别：at the back of与behind13.with和in: 表示“用“ with: 指“用工具、手、口等 in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等 1) Please write the letter _ a pen
8、. 2) Please speak _ a loud voice.14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：1介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。2介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with plea
9、sure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。3介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。六、连词: 附属连词和并列连词一附属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词二并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neither
10、nor等。2. 表选择关系的or, eitheror等。3. 表转折关系的but, while然而等。4.表因果关系的for, so等。5. and: “和在肯定句中表并列or: “和在否认句中表并列另外：1)or “或者用于选择疑问句 2)or “否那么eg. .Which do you like better, tea or milk? .Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 6.but “但是表转折eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not but 不
11、是而是eg. This book isnt mine but yours.both and : 既又连接主语为复数neithernor: 既不也不 连接两主 7. eitheror: 或者或者 语后者决 not only but also:不但而且 定单、复eg.1)Both he and I are students.2)Neither he nor I am a student.练 习( )1._ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In( )2.Many people work _ the day an
12、d sleep _ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at( )3.He speaks Japanese best _ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among( )4.A wolf _ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on( )5.Joan hopes to come back _ three days.A. after B. for C. in( )6.They sent the letter to me _ mistake.
13、A. by B. for C. with( )7.He left home _ a cold winter evening.A. at B. on C. in( )8.Shanghai is _ the east of China.A. in B. on C. to( )9._ my fathers help, I have finished my composition.A. Under B. On C. with( )10.Hes very strict _ himself and hes very strict _ his work.A. with ; in B. in ; with C
14、. with ; with( )11.I really cant agree _ you.A. to B. on C. with( )12.The shop wont open _ nine in the morning.A. until B. at C. during( )13.How about _ the flowers now?A. watering B. are watering C. watered( )14.She spent all his money _ books.A. in B. with C. on( )15.They are talking _ low voices.
15、A. with B. in C. on( )16.Its very kind _ you to help us.A. for B. to C. of( )17.What will you have _ breakfast this morning?A. with B. for C. by( )18.A plane is flying _ the city.A. on B. over C. above( )19.You are free to speak _ the meeting.A. at B. in C. on( )20.Mr. Green will stay in China_ Frid
16、ay.A. to B. on C. till( )21.Its wrong to play tricks _ other people.A. on B. of C. with( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue _ red. A. for B. as C. to( )23.The student will give us a talk _ how to use our spare time.A. for B. on C. in( )24.I paid two hundred yuan _ that kind of bicycle.A. in
17、B. for C. on( )25.The doctor is very kind _ his patientsA. to B. on C. at( )26.We cant live _ air.A. in B. with C. without( )27.The child was afraid _ the strange sound. A. at B. for C. of( )28.He was very angry _ her for being late. A. for B. with C. at( )29.What do you think _ the play?A. about B.
18、 like C. of( )30.I think its the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure _ it.A. do B. for C. of( )31.Reading _ the sun isnt good _ youA. under ; for B. in ; for C. in ; to( )32.I wont ask about it, Im going to see it _ my own eyes.A. by B. for C. with( )33.We go to school every day _ S
19、unday. A. except B. without C. on( )34.There is a small river _ the two towns A. in B. between C. among( )35.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep _ the lesson. A. for B. through C. during( )36.Mr. Black went to Paris _ a few days.A. for B. in C. after( )37.They will leave _ London next month.A. to B. from
20、C. for( )38.Are you going to the zoo _ bus or _ my car?A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in( )39.He woke up several times _ the nightA. in B. at C. on( )40.No one can stop her _ going away.A. of B. from C. out of( )41.What do you mean _ “bao zhi?A. on B. with C. by( )42.Youll get a nice present _ your p
21、arents_ your birthday.A. from ; on B. for ; at C. frm ; in( )43.Light comes in _ the window.A. from B. across C. through( )44.There are many apples _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is picking an apple.A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at( )45. “Who are you going to play _? “Grade Two.A. about B. by C. agai
22、nst( )46. Dont go _ the street. The bus is coming.A. cross B. across C. past( )47.He lives _ the twentieth floor _ No. 154 Zhongshan Street.A. on ; at B. in ; in C. on ; in( )48.He found a piece of useful information _ the Internet.A. at B. on C. in( )49._ my surprise, he lost the game.A. With B. To
23、 C. On( )50.The blind man knows the money _ touching and feeling it.A. with B. by C. through( )51. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning.A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on( )52. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her.A. beside B. about C. except D. with( )53. She sent
24、her friend a postcard _ a birthday present.A. on B. as C. for D. of( )54. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of .A. since B. in C. on D. by( )55. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing.A. with B. to C. for D. by( )56. English is widely used _ travellers and
25、 business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by( )57. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.A. Under B. In C. With D. On( )58. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong.A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in( )59. -Youd better not
26、go out now. Its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain.A. in B. of C. with D. off( )60. Japan lies _ the east of China.A. to B. in C. about D. at( )61. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in ? -I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English
27、.A. eitheror B. not only but alsoC. neithernor D. bothor( )62. We didnt catch the train _ we left late.A. so B. because C. but D. though( )63. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much.A. if B. so C. though D. as( )64. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thous
28、and words _ I have tested him myself.A. after B. when C. if D. until( )65. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it.A. when B. until C. after D. before( )66. -This dress was last years style. -I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year.A. so th
29、at B. even though C. as if D. ever since( )67. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train.A. and B. so C. however D. or( )68. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top.A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto( )69. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xian? -Of course. I remember ever
30、ything _ it happened yesterday.A. as soon as B. even thoughC. rather than D. as if( )70. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since七、形容词、副词的比拟等级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B 2) A + 谓(否认) + as/so + 原级 + as + B A与B在某
31、方面不同注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one. 2)You dont eat so much as I 3)This book isnt as interesting as that one = This book is _ _ _ that one2.比拟级：两者进行比拟常与than连用1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。3)I picked more apples than J
32、im.我比你摘的苹果多。4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比拟常与表范围的in , of短语连用( 注意：of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 2)He runs fastest in our class. 3)He is the tallest of the three boys. 4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or L
33、esson3 ?4.形、副比拟等级的其他用法 1) “比拟级and 比拟级 表示 “越来越eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 2) “the比拟级，the比拟级 “越，越eg. the more, the better 多多益善 _ you are, _ you will get. 你越懒，收获越少。 3) “the比拟级of +二者 “二者中较的一个eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins. 2
34、) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _ 4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比拟级eg. Hes a head taller than me. My brother is two years older than me5)表示“是几倍时用“twice; three times等 + asaseg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。 2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的
35、四倍。6)区别older / elder与farther / further older年龄较老的 elder指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的eg. My _ brother is _ than me. farther (指距离“较远的) further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的)eg.1)He went abroad for _ studies. 2)Fusun is _ from our school than Zhaohua. 形、副比拟等级还应注意1.比拟级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“一点儿；得多 ； 更eg. 1) a li
36、ttle bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多 3)even heavier更重但注意：不能在比拟级前加so; too; very; quite等。2.比拟级必须是同类事物相比即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物，注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; oneseg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _2)This knife (A) isnt (B) so (C) new as that (D). _3)Our classroom (A
37、) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词来进行比拟。Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( )正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.=Betty is the cleverest in her class.(特别注意以上三种句型的转换) 2)
38、China is bigger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( )(all her sisters已排除了Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三时，可在最高级前加“second , third, 但“第一不
39、能用firsteg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错：_附：形、副比拟级和最高级的变化规那么A、规那么变化1.“辅 + y结尾，变y为i加er , est(但“形 + ly 构成的副词除外)2.双写加er , est3.直接加 er , est / r, st4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly 构成的副词也在前加more , most)B、不规那么变化原级比拟级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworsewors
40、tlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest另外：1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.narrow _ _simple _ _able _ _2) tired_ _pleased _ _3) often _ _ friendly_ _4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时那么不再加the)。eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) _5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但局部形容词不能作定语，只能表语：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).副词作状语，修饰动词。练 习一、写出以下词的比拟级和最高级thin _ _ easy _ _early _ _ new _ _hot _ _ clever _