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1、初四年级中考一轮复习语法专项5、 知 识 要 点1.问职业：What be + 主语？= What does /do +主语+do?eg. He is a teacher.提问 _ _ he _?2.Its nice talking to you.与你谈话真快乐。3.表方式的短语1)on foot 2)by + 交通名词单数无冠词 = in / on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格)eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car 2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) _must: 个人主观上认为“
2、必须无时态变化4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不 存在各种时态eg. 1) I _ stop on the way because of the rain. 2) I _ stop because Im a little tired.5.提建议Shall we ? 答 肯定：Good idea / OK / Lets All rightWhy not ? 语 否认：No, lets 肯定：Certainly/ Yes, please/另外还可答复为 Yes, I think so/ Id love to否认：No,I dont think so /Im afraid n
3、ot. put on强调“穿的动作：穿上，戴上 后接6. wear是 put on 之后的结果：穿着 “衣服= be in 名词 dress sb: 给某人穿衣eg. 1)Youd better _ more clothes when you go out. Its cold outside.A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 2)The boy can _ himself now.A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today. A. is on B
4、. is in C. is putting on7.在具体的某楼前用 oneg. He lives on the fifteenth floor.8.How do you like ? 你觉得怎么样？ = What do you think of ? eg. How do you like the new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？9.a little = a bit 但注意：1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词 )eg.There is a little( a bit of ) wat
5、er in the glass. 2) not a little = very not a bit = not at all10. quite : quite a (an) + 形 + 名 very : a very + 形 + 名eg. This is a very interesting book. = This is quite an interesting book.11.in a hurry: 匆忙地eg.1)He is in a hurry all day. 2)She went to school in a hurry.另外：hurry to = go to in a hurry
6、12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚 get married = be married 已婚；结婚但get married是“短命动词，要指“结婚多久应用be marriedeg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) _ 2)She has got married for ten years (找错) _13. leave sth + 地点：把某物忘在某地 forget sth : 忘记某事eg. 1)He _ the drivers license yesterday. 2)I _ my umbrella in the tr
7、ain just now.14.感慨句 1What (a, an) + 形 + 名+主 + 谓！(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，那么不用a / an) 2How + 形 / 副 + 主 + 谓！eg.1)_ bad weather! 2)_ hard they are working! 3)_ good girl she is! 4)_ beautiful flowers they are!“雨大，雪大heavy-heavily/ hard15.“风大 strong -strongly “太阳大bright-brightly注意以上词的形、副区别eg. 1)There was a _ rain
8、yesterday. 2)It blew _ last night. 3)The sun is shining _. 4)Look! Its raining _. 5)What a _ wind! how long: 多长时间问时间段16. how often: 多久一次问频率 how soon = when: 何时问将来时间eg.1)-_ does he go home? - Once a week. 2)-_ were you away from school last year? -Less than a week. 3)-_ will he come back? -In two day
9、s.eg. 1)I didnt go to the cinema. _ I went to the library yesterday. 2)We would like to stay at school _ going to the cinema today. 18.so 句型 so + be(助、情) + 主语：“也如此 so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“确实如此eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she. 昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。 2)I watch TV every day, and so does he. 我每天看电视，他也如此。
10、3)I can swim, so I can. 我会游泳，真的是这样。注意：表示“也不如此用neither / noreg. I didnt watch TV last night, neither did she19.指路与问路 问路 1)Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to . how to get to the way to 2)Excuse me. Which is the way to指路1)Go down / up / along this road and go还可替换为walk2)Go down / up / along t
11、o the end.3)Go on until you reach the end.4)Take the turning on the left.= Turn left at the turning.5)Go across the bridge 20. eg.1)Hes sick / ill in hospital. 2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. 选错 _21. eg.1)_ he is a student. 2)He _ a student.22.类似结构23.到达但当后不接地点时，只能用arriveeg.
12、1)She _ Shanghai last night.A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at 2)They _ there in time at last.A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at1) Ill ring you up as soon as he_(到达).eg.1)She is _ girl. 2)Do you feel _ when you are _? 3)The old man live in a house _.eg. I have (A) many (B
13、) work to do (C)_eg.1)He gave us _ money. 2)She is _ young.eg.1)Please _ your exercise book here tomorrow.2)Meimei often helps the old man _ water.eg. -I looked for my pen_, but I couldnt find it _. -Dont worry. Sooner or later youll find it _.30.to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是类似结构：to ones joy 使某人快乐的是eg. T
14、o our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。31. agree with : 同意某人或某人所说的 agree to : 同意某事eg. 1)He agree _ my plan. 2)I agree _ what you said.32.be on team: 参加队；是的队员eg. He is on the city basketball team. 他是市篮球队队员。33.teach sb+科目当sb是人称代词时应用宾格eg. He teaches our English(改错) _34.the 1
15、00-metre race 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类似结构：a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达：100-metre race = 100 metres racetwo-month holiday = two months holiday但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。那么只能用复合形容词来表示：eg. What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months
16、 holidayB. Two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two moths holiday与question question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待答复的问题。常与ask , answer连用 problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题。常与solve , work out连用1) We must find out a good way to solve the _.2) You can answer the _ in your own words. borrow: 借进 borrow from从借36. lend: 借出
17、 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人keep: 保存；借多久与时间段连用1)Jack _ me his bike last week.2)You can _ the book from me, but you can _ it for only one week.37.Its +adj + of / for sb to do sth.当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.1)Its very clever _
18、 you to do that.2)Its hard _ me to work out the problem.38. more: 另外的；额外的放在数量词之后 another: 再一另一放在数量词之前1)May I have two _ apples?2)May I borrow _ one book?used to + 动原: 过去常常做39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做 be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事1)He used to be late for school.2)The knife is used to cut things.3)He is
19、uesd to hard work. other: 放在被修饰词之前40. else: 放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和疑问词1)other students别的学生2)anybody else. 其它任何人 what else. 别的什么41. so + 形/副 such + 形 + 名但注意：1) so +形+a / an + 单名= such a /an +形 +单名2)so (many / much / few / little) + 名3)so that ; such that如此以致 It was _ bad weather. There are _ many poor in
20、the country. _ few animals eat _ much grass. This city is _ old, youd better visit it. Its _ important party _ I cant miss it. have / has been to: 曾经去过42. have / has gone to: 已经去了have / has been in: 已在(多久)注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词 2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in -Wheres Tom?-He _ Beijing. I _ B
21、eijing several times. She _ Chengdu for two years. He _ there twice.43.“短命动词 “长命动词buyhave ; borrowkeep ; diebe dead ; leavebe away (from); come backbe back; fall asleepbe asleep ; openbe open ;catch a coldhave a cold; go /get outbe out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点be in +地点；joinbe in +集体或be
22、 + 成员；turn onbe on; turn offbe off ;get a letter fromhave a letter from.end /finishbe over ; get upbe up ; 1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B
23、) from (C) Jim for two days (D). _5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). _6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) _7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. _44. except: 除以外不包括除去的局部besides: 除了，还有包括除去的局部1) We go to school every day except Sunday.该句意味着
24、： We go to school from Monday to Saturday.2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei.该句意味着： We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too. take: It take sb sometime to do sth.45. 主语pay (money) for sth 是人buy sth for + moneycost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物1)I _ ten yuan on the book.2)I _ ten yuan for the book
25、.3)The book _ me ten yuan.4)I _ the book for ten yuan.5)It _ me an hour to do the maths problem sometime: 某时(与将来时连用)46 sometimes: 有时一般现在时some time: 一些时候(表时间段)some times:几次eg. 1)He _ (go) to Beijing sometime next week.2)I _ (be) to Beijing some times.47.be to do: 表将来There is to be a sports meeting ne
26、xt Saturday.48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚用 “long ; wide ; high / tall ; deep ; away ; thick.1)Mr Green is nearly two metres _2)The ice is about one metre _.3)Our classroom is about twelve metres _and eight metres _.：不可数名词。指人口的多少用“large / big或small；询问人口的多少用what.1)Whats the population of Germany? 德国的人口是多少？2)
27、China has a large population.中国人口众多3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C) than that (D) of India. _另外注意：表示“有人口用have a population of .Now China has a population of more than one billion. 现在中国有十亿多人口。eg. make room for: 为腾出空间的用法：1)seem + adj = seem to be + adjHe seems very angry = He seems to be
28、angry.2)seem to doIt seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。3)It seems + that从句It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。1)He talked as if he knew all about it.他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。2)He opened his mouth as if to say something.他开口似乎要说什么。1)We _ them 5 to 3.2)In the end we _ the match.interested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某5
29、3.人对感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇只作表语interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇可作定、表语1)Its an _football game.2)Im _ in music. 1)作情态动词，用于否、疑句eed 2)作实义动词 need to do(表主动)need doing(表被动)1)You neednt go home now.2)The bike needs mending.3)I need to go home now.55. alive: 活着的；在世的常作后置定语 living: 活着的；没死的常作前置定语1)Both
30、 plants and animals are _ thing.2)No one _ will believe it.56.否认前移的动词：think , believe , expect , suppose.1)I didnt expect their team would win.我希望他们的对不会赢。2)I dont think he will come tomorrow. 我认为明天他不会来。 look at: 有意识地看57. see: look at之后的结果看见read: 看书、报等watch: 看电视、比赛等另外注意：1)see a film看电影2)see a doctor看
31、医生1)I often _ newspaper after suppe.2)He _ the picture, and _ some trees in it.58. listen to :有意识地听hear: listen to之后的结果听见He was very sorry to _ the bad news. look for:强调“找的动作寻找59. find: look for之后的结果找到 find out: (经过努力、周折)查出，找出真相等They are _ their lost horse.A. finding B. looking for C. finding out60.
32、 hope: (可能实现的)愿望 wish: (难以实现的)愿望另外注意：1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth 2)wish sb to do sth ( ) hope sb to do sth( )( )I _ you to come to school earlier next time. A. wish B. hope C. wants enough：放在形、副之后. good enough61. 修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing)的词应后置。else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置1)I have something imp
33、ortant to tell you.2)He didnt run fast enough to catch up with Tom.had better +动原 否认had better not +动原62 Will / Would you please +动原？Will / Would you please not + 动原？Will you please not talk in class?63. Whats the weather like ? 的天气= Hows the weather ? 怎么样？64. find +宾 +形：觉得怎么样find it +形 +to do: 觉得做怎
34、么样类似用法还有make , think等1)I find the question _(容易).2)I think it important to learn Englis.65. a number of +复名：许多，一些(作主为复)the number of: 的数目/号码(作主为三单)The number of the students in our class is 50. too: 句末 用于肯定句66. also: 句中 “也either: 否认句末“也不1)I dont like reading, she doesnt , _.2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is
35、 _fourteen.67. already , just : 肯助后yet: 否、疑末1)I have already had lunch.2)I havent had lunch yet.68. live: (长时间的)居住 stay: (短时间的)居住eg. He lives in Changsha, but hes going to stay in Shanghai for a few days.、替换练习解题指导：该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察：1描述释义，也叫概念释义，即用一种情况来对某词进行解释。eg. huge= very big glass= cup made of gla
36、ssagree = say yes/ have the same idea2同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的词进行替换。eg. nearly = almost perhaps = maybe difficult = hard fast = quickly 3否认释义。即对某些词用相反的意思进行解释。eg. cheap = no expensive thick = not thin dirty = not clean low = not high/ tall 4常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活常识。eg. century = 100 years August = the eighth month
37、 summer = the season between spring and autumn London = the capital of England常见的词语解释almost nearly a little a bitaround all over be like look like bright clever begin startbeside next to be in be at homebe quick hurry up be out be awaycome from be from fail not passcross go across hard difficultlast
38、 go on hurry walk quicklyhardly almost not hurry up go quicklyexpensive dear look out be carefulmust have to on aboutover more than wear be inwhy what for stop give upthanks to because of join take part in as soon as possible as soon as sb canbe weak in be not at good atcatch up with not fall behind
39、 have a good time enjoy oneselfa lot of lots of ; many / muchat last in the end ; finallyat the moment nowhold on wait a momentjust now a moment agoleave go away (from)reach arrive in /at ; get toprefer to like better than spend on pay for take a look have a lookwalk on go on walking go to sleep get
40、 to sleep / fall asleepwalk to go to on foottake a bus catch a buslook after take (good) care ofhear from receive / get a letter frombe filled with be full of fly to go to by airreturn 1)come back 2) give backteach oneself learn by oneselfat once right now(现在) /right away(立刻)练 习选出与划线局部意思相同或相近的一项( )1.Liu Ying is like her twin sister.A. likes B. loves C. looks like( )2. You must drink a lot of water every day.A. many B. much C. a little( )3.Most of the teachers in our school are from South China.A. lived in B. get back from C. come from( )4.She took care of her grandpa when she was free. A. lo