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1、初四年级中考一轮复习语法专项4十一、状语从句一时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句1when与whileeg.1)Ill tell her the good news _he comes back. 2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV3)since:自从以来(since从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时eg.1)He has lived there since he came to Ch
2、ina 2)It is two years since her mother died.二条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句eg.I will go to the park if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换1祈使句，and (then , or)+简单句 = If you , you eg.1)Use your head, then youll find a way. =If you use your head, youll find a way 2)Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont
3、 hurry, youll be late.2)without与条件句的转化eg. Man cant live without water. =Man cant live if there is no water.注意以上两种状语从句的时态主句时间、条件句1一般将来时 2祈使句 3情态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back. 2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) his homework. 3)Ill help you i
4、f I _ (be) free tomorrow 4)I _ (live) here since I came to China.三原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导的从句eg. He didnt go to school because he was ill.注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why 2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didnt (C) go to school (D) yesterday. _四结果状语从句：由so that引导的从句so后
5、接形、副原级eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldnt catch up with (C) him. _注意：1) “so that +否认句与“too to的替换eg.1)He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)2)He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)3)T
6、he box is so heavy that I cant carry it= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2“so that +从句与“enough to的替换eg.1)Hes so strong that he can carry the box.= Hes strong enough to carry the box. 2)The question is so easy that I can answer it=The question is easy enough for me to answer练 习(
7、)1.We bought granny a present, _ she didnt like it.A. but B. and C. when( )2.Be quick, _ youll be late for the football match.A. so B. and C. or( )3.Youve done badly, _ I can see you did your best. A. or B. but C. so( )4.That was our first lesson, _ she didnt know all our names.A. for B. but C. so(
8、)5.They didnt pass the ball often enough, _ they didnt play together very well.A. and B. yet C. when( )6.It was raining at that time, _ they couldnt go out for walk.A. because B. or C. so( )7.Mary couldnt go to school, _ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though( )8.Go straight along the road, _
9、youll find the hospital at the end of it.A. since B. and C. when( )9.Take this medicine , _ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so ( )10.Either she or I _ him at the airport.A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet( )11.The train hasnt arrived _.A. too B. also C. yet( )12.You wont go there, _
10、 will I.A. So B. Neither C. Also( )13.You can take _ this book _ that book, but you cant take _ of them.A. either, or ; all B. either , or ; bothC. not only , but also ; both( )14.The students had no water_ food thenA. or B. and C. also( )15.They were _ weak _ carry the heavy box.A. neither , nor B.
11、 both , and C. too , to( )16.The books arent yours _ ours.A. nor B. and C. but( )17.Tom saves his money, _ John spends all he gets.A. while B. or C. so( )18.Excuse me, _ can you tell me how to get to the park?A. and B. please C. but( )19.He needs to have a rest, _ he has worked for a long time .A. a
12、nd B. but C. for( )20.The policeman was _ busy _ holidays with his family.A. very , to spend B. too , to spendC. so , that( )21.Neither Jack nor I _ to the park.A. is going B. are going C. am going( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could _ read _ write.A. neither , nor B. either ,
13、or C. both , and ( )23.Johm _ until Mike _ sorry to him.A. let him in , said B. didnt let him in , saidC. didnt let him in , says( )24.Im sure Li Ping is _ in the classroom _ in the library.A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or( )25.Dont open the door _ the bus _.A. until , stops B. and , sto
14、ps C. until , stop( )26.Both his father and his mother _ to Beijing.A. has been B. have been C. has gone( )27.Well have a sports meeting if it _ rain tomorrow.A. wont B. isnt C. dont D. doesnt ( )28.Ill let you know as soon as he _.A. comes back B. will come backC. is coming back D. come back( )29.I
15、m _ busy getting ready for Christmas _ I have no time to write to you.A. not, until B. too, toC. so, that D. neither, nor( )30.This TV set is too dear, _ it gives you a better picture.A. or B. if C. though D. and( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you _ him tomorrow.A. met B. meet C. will meet
16、D. have met( )32.While she _ TV in the sitting room, the bell _.A. watches, rings B. is watching, rangC. was watching D. watched, was ringing( )33.Mary will go _ after she _ her homework.A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishesC. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish( )34.He is listening to the music
17、 _ he is washing clothes.A. after B. before C. when D. while( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Lis office, when you _ him.A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see( )36.They _ until the meeting was over.A. left B. not leaveC. dont leave D. didnt leave( )37.The children sat at the table until the guests
18、_.A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left( )38.The film _ for half an hour when I got to the cinema. A. has begun B. had been onC. begun D. begins( )39.She _ until late into the night.A. waited B. came C. went D. started( )40.He began to do his homework _ he turned on the light.A. before B. sinc
19、e C. till D. after( )41.He didnt go to swim yesterday_ he was ill.A. when B. if C. because D. and because( )42.Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin _ .A. is B. has C. does D. gives( )43.Please keep the box for me _ I come back tonight.A. when B. as C. to D. until ( )44.I bought an umbrella _ the
20、 weather was fine.A. if B. although C. because D. as( )45.We got to the cinema _ late _ there were no seats left.A. too, to B. much, to C. very, that D. so, that( )46.It _ five years _ I left the army.A. is , since B. was , sinceC. has been, when D. is , when( )47.Though it was raining hard, _ was s
21、till waiting for her son in the rain.A. but she B. and she C. she D. so she( )48.I have known him _ I was a child.A. because B. since C. when D. before( )49.Jim had finished his homework _ his mother came back.A. after B. before C. while D. then十二、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态1. 引导词1)
22、that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese. 2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从eg. .Do you know who will give us a talk? .I dont know whose book that is. .Could you please tell which gate we have to go to? .I wonder when he will come back.注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语或宾语相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to doeg.
23、 .I havent decided where I will go =I havent decided where to go .He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy.类似短语：how to do _what to say_what to do _where to go_ 3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从eg. .“Do you like this book? she asked me. =She asked me _ I liked this book. .“Have you visited the
24、Great Wall? Could you tell me? =Could you tell me _ you have visited the Great Wall?注意以下几点：.区别if当作“是否，还是“如果eg. I dont know if he _ (come)if it _(rain) tomorrow.用whether不用if的几种情况 1)后接不定式eg. I cant decide whether to go to Beijing. 2)与or / or not连用eg. I want to know whether you will go to the park or n
25、ot. 3)在句首时eg. Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow.2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序eg. 1)I dont (A) know whether (B) will he (C) come (D) tomorrow. _ 2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C) come back (D). _ 3)Could you tell
26、(A) how many players (B) are there (C) in (D) a football team? _3.时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时 但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，那么只能用一般现在时。eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.练 习( )1.Alice wanted to know _ her grandma liked the dog.A. that B. if C. which D. what( )2.Can yo
27、u tell us _ ?A. where have you gone B. where have you goneC. where you have been D. where have you been( )3.Do you still remember _ ?A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say( )4.The weather here changes very often and we cant tell _ it will be like tomorrow.A. that B. ho
28、w C. what D. whether( )5.What did the scientist say? -He said he wondered if _into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly( )6.Do you know_from Wuhan to Xian ?A. how far it is B. how far is it C. how long it is D. how long is it( )7.Could you tell me
29、 _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )8.Is the lake there beautiful? - This photo will show you _.A. how does it look like B. what does it look like C. how it looks like D. what it looks like( )9. I dont know _ bought the present for me
30、. Is it Jack? A. which B. who C. whose D. what( )10.Could you show us _ a bike ?A. how to mend B. what to buy C. where to go D. how many to buy( )11.I dont know _ Jane was late for school this morning.A. who B. what C. whom D. why( )12.Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car.A. that B.
31、 if C. how D. when( )13.Mike said he _ a cold for a few days.A. has caught B. had caughtC. has had D. had had( )14.I dont know if he _ here. If he _, Ill tell you.A. will come, comes B. comes, will comeC. comes , comes D. will come, will come( )15.Could you tell me _ best?A. which one you like B.whi
32、ch one do you likeC. do you like which one D.you like which one( )16.The teacher told the children that the earth _ around the sun.A. moves B. moved C. had moved D. was moving( )17.Nobody knows which factory _.A. does he work B. he worksC. does he work in D. he works in( )18.He said that no one knew
33、 _ with him.A. what is the matter B. what was the matterC. what the matter is D. what the matter was( )19.Im interested in _ or not he is coming.A. whether B. if C. when D. why( )20.Im sorry that I _ you were here.A. didnt know B. dont knowC. wont know D. cant know十三、定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的
34、名词、代词叫做先行词。一、引导词关系词：who作主语, whom作宾语, whose作定语, which作主语、宾语, that作主语、宾语.when, where, why. 注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well. 2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是that时，那么不能放在介词后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived
35、 in.=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的先行词是人时用that , who , whom , whose; 先行词是物时用that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when , where.eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？ 3)Hav
36、e you been to the factory where your father works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？但注意区别who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况：a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。b. there be句型中修饰名词时。c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyone who hasnt handed in his home- work should stay after school. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。 2)There is a girl who
37、 wants to see you at the school gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？2.修饰人或物只用that的情况： a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时 c. 先
38、行词既有人，又有物时 d. 主句是who / which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的事吗？ 2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的参观过的。 4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
39、我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？3.修饰物只用which的情况： a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 b. 先行词为that时eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。 2)Whats that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？*三、定语从句可简化为短语1定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定
40、式。eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the children playing there not to do that. 3)The book that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we shou
41、ld fear. = We have nothing to fear.练 习一、用适当的关系代词填空1.Is it the very house _ you lived in ten years ago?2.The woman _ sits next to the door is my mother.3.Ill never forget the year _ I joined the League.4.It is the house _ I was born.5.The house _ roof is broken has been repaired.二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句局部。1.T
42、he man that is talking with Mary is my brother._.2.This is a book which was written by a worker_3.The student who is from Canada speaks French._.4.She has a lot of work that she must do._三、选择填空( )1.The man _ was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked toB. whom you just talked to himC. who you just
43、 talked to himD. which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film _has been shown this year.A. who B. that C. which D. when( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. that D. in where( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers _ interested himA. what B. who C.