《过去分词复习.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《过去分词复习.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、III. 过去分词一、过去分词的形式：V-ed过去分词表示的动作是一个被动或完成的动作。二、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾补或状语，但不作主语或宾语。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（一）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语 e.g. The stolen car was found by the police last week. We need more qualified teachers. The
2、 excited people rushed into the building. 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： We have read many novels written by this author. Whats the language spoken in Germany?Prices of goods bought through a computer can be less than store prices. The student dressed in white is my daughter. Is there anything ?
3、明天有什么活动吗？ The suggestion was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, , are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, , was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 （二）作表语：1. 过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，I am pleased with what he h
4、as done.I am deeply moved by his heroic deeds He is quite the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2. 过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，The glass is broken.The glass was broken by my little brother. The letter is well written.The letter was written in 1970.3. 作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词如：crowded, devoted, disc
5、ouraged, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, interested, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, astonished, broken, advanced, balanced等。（三）作宾语补足语：1. 过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语e.g. When I opened the door, I found the ground . 过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, fin
6、d, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。 When will you go to the hospital and ? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？ When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself .当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。 当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如： One of the glasses was found . 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。 They should be
7、kept . 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。 2. 动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的e.g. I had my bike 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。（四）作状语：过去分词作状语时，和V-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表时间Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. _, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶
8、上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. _, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： If heated, water can be turned into steam. _, he will do bett
9、er. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 _, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. _, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 表方式或伴随情况。如： Seated at the table, my father and I were talk
10、ing about my job. The old man went into the room, . 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 注：Ving 的被动式不做方式或伴随情况。The professor came into the class room, followed by a group of students.IV非谓语动词的主动式和被动式非谓语动词是用主动式还是用被动式，关键在于和其逻辑主语之间的关系。非谓语动词和其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；反之用被动式。1.主语Its kind of you to help me.Its an honor for me to be a
11、sked to speak here. His being beaten black and blue made his mother very angry. His beating the pet dog made his mother very angry.在复合结构中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是_2.宾语 She wanted to be sent to work in Beijing. She wanted to work in Beijing.No one likes to be laughed at. He likes to laugh at others. He left witho
12、ut saying goodbye. He came in without being asked .3.表语He remained to be there. A lot of work remains to be done. The door remains unlocked. The news is disappointing. He looks disappointed at the news.4.状语He was too young to be given such hard work. He was too young to do such hard work.The boy was
13、 sent to hospital to be operated on. The doctor was sent to hospital to operate on the boy.Having been given such a good chance, how could he let it slip away. Having such a good chance, how could I let it slip away.The headmaster came into the meeting, followed by teachers.The headmaster came into
14、the meeting, following teachers.通过以上看出，非谓语动词做宾语、表语、状语其逻辑主语是_.5.定语 The president to hold the meeting will come here soon.The meeting to be held soon is very important. The president holding the meeting is my neighbor. The meeting being held is very important.The meeting held yesterday was very import
15、ant.通过以上看出，非谓语动词做定语,其逻辑主语是_6.宾补和主补 He wanted me to type the letter at once. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. He didnt expect the books to be well received. He didnt expect the clerk selling so many books He didnt expect the books selling so well.The old professor had a dentist pull out his
16、bad tooth.The old professor had his bad tooth pulled out.The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.Readers are not allowed to take the magazines out of the reading- room非谓语动词做宾补, 其逻辑主语是_，作主补，其逻辑主语是_非谓语动词不用被动式的现象1.不定式和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式。I have a le
17、tter to write.(I write a letter.) I have a lot of work to do.( I do a lot of work.)We still have many difficulties to overcome.( We overcome many difficulties)2. 不定式和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式。 Give me something to drink. Please fetch me some water to drink. Hell show you the ri
18、ght way to take. The teacher assigned us some homework to do at home.3. there be句型There is a meeting to attend.(to be attended也可) There is no time to lose.注：即可用主动态，也可用被动态。4.不定式用作表语或宾补的形容词的状语，和句子中主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式要用主动式。The book is difficult to read. He is easy to get along with.He is hard to talk
19、with. I find the man hard to work with.I find the box heavy to carry. The teacher made the question easier to answer.3.及物动词want, need, deserve, require等的主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，之后可用动名词的主动行式，来表示被动或用动词不定式的被动式。The desk needs repairing. = The desk needs to be repaired.Your hair wants cutting. = Your hair wants t
20、o be cut.The baby requires looking after.= The baby requires to be looked after.That point deserves mentioning.= That point deserves to be mentioned. 5.有些分词作状语是固定结构，常用现在分词的主动式来表示说话人的语气或态度，不用被动式。如，generally(strictly)speaking, judging from,providing,considering,supposingGenerally speaking，men can run
21、faster than women.Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Considering everything, they did a good job.I would lend you the money providing that you can pay it back before Easter.Supposing there was a war, what would you do?6.在worth形容词后，总是用V-ing的主动形式表示被动概念：Her method is worth trying.-What do
22、 you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth reading a second time.(MET1989 )7. to blame, to rent 习惯用主动 He is to blame for the accident. The house is to rent. 完成句子：1. Have you got anything ? 今晚你有事情要做吗？2. Mum ，I have got some clothes . 妈妈 ，我有一些衣服要你洗。3. English is hard .英语很难学。4. He is hard . 他这个人很
23、难对付。5. Mr Smith is a good man . 史密斯先生是一个可以与其合作的好人 。6. As far as I am concerned , the Great Wall is a good place of interest . 据我所知，长城是一个可以参观的好名胜。7. The flowers need .这些花需要浇水啦。8. Does your suit want ，sir？ 先生，您的衣服要烫吗？ 9. This problem requires 这个问题需要仔细研究。10.The film is worth .这部影片值得一看。三、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：
24、1. 语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。e.g. an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。2. 时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，e.g. The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变化的世界。V. with结构1. 构成with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式。且wi
25、th后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1）With+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He lay in bed with his head covered.3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）With winter coming on，its time to buy warm clothes.4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含
26、义）I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.5）with+宾语+形容词/副词With John away，weve got more room.Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.2.with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等，判断一下with复合结构的作用。1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作 状语）2）She could not leave with her painful
27、duty unfulfilled.（作 状语）3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作 状语）4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作 状语）5）I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作 状语）6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作 状语）注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语。1）There was a letter for Lanny wit
28、h a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）练习1：请选择最佳答案1）With nothing_ to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.A. leaving B. left C. leave D. to leave2）The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_
29、on the wall.A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixing D. to be fixed3）I live in the house with its door_ to the south. A. facing B. faces C. faced D. being faced4）They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights_.A. burn B. burnt C. burning D. to burn练习2：用with复合结构完成下列句子1）_（有很多工作要做），I couldnt g
30、o to see the doctor.2）She sat_（低着头）。3）The day was bright_.（微风吹拂）4）_，（心存梦想）he went to Hollywood.单项填空1. (2002)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen2. (2002上海) _ to sunlight for too much time will
31、 do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed3(2002春招)Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying4. (2002上海春招)When_, the museum will he open to the public next year.A. completed
32、 B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed5. (2003上海)The discovery of new evidence led to_. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught6. (2003上海春招)Friendship is like money: easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being
33、kept7. (2003上海春招)Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited8. (04上海)The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to hav
34、e caused 9 （05湖北卷）_from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.ABeing separated BHaving separatedCHaving been separatedDTo be separated10. （05上海卷）He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the g
35、ood opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost11. （05辽宁卷）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.Ain order to have received Bin order to receive Cso as to be received Dso as to be receiving12. The first textbooks_ for teaching English as a foreign languag
36、e came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written13. (05北京卷)The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid14. （05湖北卷）The repairs cost a lot ,but its money well _.Ato spendBspent
37、 Cbeing spent Dspending15.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to take C. being takenD. taking16.After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked
38、; hit17.At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks_ could be heard outside the classrooms.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close18. (05广东卷) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted19. (05广东卷)He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 20. (05北京卷) I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going onB. goes on C. went on D. to go on7