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1、第六节 科普知识类 第一局部 五年高考题荟萃高考题 Passage 1(10B篇)Have you ever wondered?1. Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?It can take five hours to go west-east from New York(NY) to London bur seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon k
2、nown as the jet(喷射) stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.2. What woul
3、d happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures(建筑物) float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thous
4、and miles per hours. If you turn something around your head on a string细绳, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. Switching off gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line.
5、 People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.60.What information can we get from the first passage?A.It is jet stream that affects how fast airplanes flyB.Planes go slower when they are moving with the win
6、d C.It takes more time to fly from NY to London than from London to NYD.The yet stream always blows from the east to the west across the Atlantic61.The wordshootunderline in the 2nd passage probably means “ A.send for B.move quickly C e out D.grrow quickly62.It can be inferred that without gravity .
7、A.buildings and other structures would float awayB.trees and buildings would not easily fly offC.something around your head would not fly awayD.everything outside buildings would fly off into space63.Where can we most probably read in the textA.In a reseach paper B.In a short storyC.In a travel maga
8、zine D.In a students book答案：6063 ABBDPassage 2(10E篇)The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the words supply of water.With 97% of the words water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the wordwide supply of water needs carefull management，especially in agriculture .A
9、lthough the idea of a water shortage(短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the words agriculture industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agriculture use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of w
10、ater redistribution(重新分配) are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an envitonmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷) are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides,water may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it
11、 cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to suply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉).In Texas,farmers overuse
12、 of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Vally area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed.73. Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas
13、 have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reseWhich of the folloeing is true?A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75.B.Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.C.The undergrou
14、nd watet in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.74. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Steps to improving water use management.B.Ways to reduce the cost of building dams.C.Measures to
15、deal with worldwide water shortages.D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.WWW. The text is mainly about_.A. water supply and increasing population B.warer use management and agricultureC.water redistribution and wildlife protectionD.water shotages and environmental protectionrves can
16、 only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.72. From the first two paragraphs we learn that .A. much of the words water is available for use B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C. the costs of water redistribution should be consideredD. water can b
17、e easily carried through pipes across rhe world答案：7275 CCABPassage 3(10D篇)Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner thereSounds unusual，doesnt it? But its
18、 not that unrealistic，with the development of Chinas highspeed railway systemAnd thats not a11China has an even greater highspeed railway planto connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern EuropeChina is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countrie
19、s in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and SingaporeChina has proposed three such projectsThe first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and MalaysiaAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to GermanyThe third would start in th
20、e northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western EuropeIf Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beiling in under two daysThe new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway standardAnd the trains would be able to go 346 kilometer
21、s an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes Chinas bullet train(高速客车)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the Worlds fastest average speedIt covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hoursOf course，there are some technical challenges to overcomeThere are so many issues that need to be sett
22、led，such as safety，rail gauge(轨距)，maintenance of railway tracksSo，its important to pay attention to every detailBut the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansionChina prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather
23、than with capital investmentResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain developmentIt11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those cou
24、ntnesFor China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop Chinas far westWe foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unusedWith
25、high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11And they11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries67Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because AChina will get much-needed resources and develop its western regio
26、ns BChina and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways CChina will develop its railway system and communication with other countriesD the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism选B在文章倒数第二段中有明确答案68According to the passage，th
27、e greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is Atechnical issues Bsafety of the systemCfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracks选C . 在文章第8段看到 There are so many issues that need to be settled.及第9节中 But the key issue is really money69Which of the following words best describes the
28、authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railway plan? ACritical BReserved CDoubtful D. Positive选D . 尽管在文章第8，9段中 提到存在的问题，但从最后两段中不难看出作者是持支持的态度70Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?ANew Railway Standards BBig Railway DreamsCHighspeed Bullet Trains DInternational Railway Ne
29、twork选B. 贯穿全文须知这只是一个梦想Passage 4(10全国C篇)Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪)on its wings when young .They build their homes about above the river ,an
30、important feature(特征)for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside .The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest re
31、latives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature ,though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip .Using these four claws ,together with the beak(喙),they can climb about in the bushes, looking very
32、 much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly ,they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller liv
33、ing units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.63What is the text mainly about? AHoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. BThe relatives and enemies of hoatzins. CPrimitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. DThe appearance and living habits of hoatzins.64Young hoatzins are different from their par
34、ents in that Athey look like young cuckoos Bthey have claws on the wings Cthey eat a lot like a cow Dthey live on river banks65What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? AThey had claws to help them climb. BThey could fly long distances. CThey had four wings like hoatzins. DThey had a he
35、ad with long feathers on the top.66Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? ATo find more food. BTo protect themselves better. CTo keep themselves warm. DTo produce their young.答案：63.选D。考查文章主题大意。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是hoatzin麝雉，这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。64.选B。根据第一段has claws(爪)on its
36、wings when young,和第三段可知，hoatzin在幼年期是有爪子的，而长大学会飞之后就没有了。65.选A。关键是primitive“原始的，早期的的意思。第三段第二句话。66.选D。最后一段最后一句话。Passage 5(10湖南C篇)People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains wh
37、y. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at t
38、he eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered unive
39、rsally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressiv
40、e faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and mad
41、e significantly more errors than did Westerners. The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and m
42、outh less. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultu
43、res, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.66. The discovery shows that Westerners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recogn
44、izing facial expressions 67. What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces. 68. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in t
45、he study.B. The researchers of the study.C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. 69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentivelyD. read facial exp
46、ressions more correctly 70. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。66. 答案：A
47、考点：细节理解题解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. 可以得出答案67. 答案：C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.可以判断选C68. 答案：A考点：词义猜想解析：根据定语从句 “that they show所修饰