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1、第二节 文化类 第一局部 五年高考题荟萃高考题 Passage 1(10C篇)American cities are similar to other cities around the world. In every country cities reflect the values of the culture. Cities contain the very best aspects of a society: opportunities for education employment and entertainment. They also contain the very wors
2、t parts of a society: violent crime racial conflict and poverty. American cities are changing just as American society is changing. After World War II city residents became wealthier more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more space. They move out of their apartments in the city to buy
3、 their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American “dream was to have a house in the suburbs. Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are no
4、w adults. They unlike their parents want to live in the cities. Many young professionals doctors lawyers and executives are moving back into the city. Many are single; others are married but often without children. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of
5、the fuel shortage; or they just enjoy the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead
6、 of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these people do not have enough money to stay in the cities. Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright , new future .O
7、thers see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again.64.What does the author think of cities all over the world ? A. They are alive . B. They are hopeless. C. They are similar D. They are different.65.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs a
8、fter World War ? A. Because older American cities were dying. B. Because they were richer and needed more space. C. Because cities contained the worst parts of society. D. Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.66. According to the 4th paragragh, a great many poor people in American ci
9、ties A. are faced with housing problems B. are faced to move to the suburbs C. want to sell their buildings D. need more money for daily expenses67. We can conclude from the text that ( ) A. American cities are changing for the wors B. people have different views on American cities C. many people ar
10、e now moving from American cities D. the population is decreasing in older American cities 答案：6467 CBABPassage 2(10B篇)Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the ne
11、xt big thingfinally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S. , where are more TVs than p
12、eople, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In , after the fall of the Taliban塔利班,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by pushing the numbers
13、to well beyond two thirds of families.Televisions most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands approval and less likely to want a boy rat
14、her than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small
15、 but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.60. The underlined word “outlawed in paragraph 2 probably means “ . A. allowed B. banned
16、C. offered D. refused61.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Americans used to get access to the Internet easily. B. The worlds TV sets will total 150 million by . C.45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in . D. Over two thirds of families in the world will have
17、 a TV by .62. The author intends to . A. stress the advantages of TV to peoples lives B. persuade women to become more independent C. encourage people to improve their reading skills D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google 63.What would be the best title for the passage? A.TV Will Rule
18、 the World B.TV Will Disturb the World C.TV Will Better the World D.TV Will Remain in World答案：6063 BDACPassage 3(10C篇)Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
19、Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their she
20、lves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a companys
21、 environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive主管of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is tickingwe dont have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an imm
22、ediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions排放. Those that have taken early action will
23、have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by i
24、nforming customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted授予the standard, they can use a logo标识in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions, Mr. Morrison said. 64Whats the main idea of the passage?ABusinesses are finding way
25、s to send their message to the shoppers.BCompanies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.CFirms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.DFirms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental awareness.65The underlined word “inform in Paragraph 2
26、 probably means“ .Aaffect Bchange Cdisturb Dreject66According to Harry Morrison, businesses .Awill benefit from cutting carbon emissionsBshould buy carbon allowances for shoppersCare required to make up for their carbon emissionsDhave encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere67 We can learn
27、 from the passage that businesses will .Ahave a strong desire to reduce costsBuse the same logo in their marketingCgain advantages by taking early actionDattract more shoppers by storing goods答案：DAACPassage 4(10E篇)In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, rang
28、ing from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo. In the eastern United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young
29、 trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each end served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all aroun
30、d their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near. Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians wig
31、wams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out. The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with
32、 poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour. The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structur
33、es of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families. The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass. Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.72.Which of the following pictures shows t
34、he house for the Iroquois Indians？73. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _.A. with openings in the trunk walls B. large enough for several families C. in a ring shape with bark and mud D. by bending young trees to form the shape74. All the native Indian houses described
35、in the passage were_.A. of the same shape B. covered with grass C. built with a post in the centre D. built with doorways at each end 75. The passage suggests that _ A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied togethe
36、rC. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends答案：7275 ABBCPassage 5(10A篇)Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that
37、 has millions of current answers. That question is “Whats your name? Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.Have you ever wondered about peoples names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?Peoples first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name
38、of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright; Beatrice means “one wh
39、o gives happiness; Donald means “world ruler; Leonard means “as brave as a lion.The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwoo
40、d family lived in or near a leafy forest.Other early surnames came from peoples occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational
41、 names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a person who made pots and pans.The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenters great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.Sometimes people were kno
42、wn for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent sw
43、immer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc o
44、r O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the ODonnells are descendants of the same Donnell.56. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover? A. Places where people lived. B. Peoples characters.C. Talents that people possessed. D. Peoples occupations.选B，根据
45、文中4,5,6三段可知只有B选项未提及57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _.A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metalsC. made kitchen tools or contains D. built houses and furniture选C文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，由此推断选C58. Suppos
46、e and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _.A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard CarterC. George Longstreet D. Donald Greenwood选D根据文中倒数第2段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。比方灰色头发的人取名john Gray，高个的人取名john Tallman.所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为
47、Donald Greenwood59. The underlined word “descendants in the last paragraph means a persons _.A. later generations B. friends and relativesC. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors选A 根据最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代Passage 6(10全国B篇)EDGEWOODEvery morning at Dixie Heights High school, customers pour into a special experiment :the districts first coffee shop run mostly by students with spec