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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam. 单词讲解Madam /m.d .m / n. 对妇女的尊称 太太,夫人信的称呼 Dear madam 1. 关于女性的称呼Miss Miss Hill Mrs. 1 对未婚女子姓名的称谓夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前）Mrs. Brown 2 学校生对女老师的尊称Miss Yu Ms.Madam对妇女的尊称 太太,夫人女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms. Mary 2. 关于男性的称呼Mr. Sir 先生（男子姓或姓名前,职务前）对男子的礼貌称呼 Yes, sir Mr.
2、White 怀特先生 中学校生对男老师的称呼Mr. President 总统先生 信的称呼 Dear Sir jeans /d.i:nz / n. 牛仔裤世界第一条牛仔裤的创造人 Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特劳斯）clothes shirt 衬衫coat 外套sweater 毛衣T-shirt T 恤衫vest 背心dress 连衣裙skirt 短裙pants 裤子jacket 夹克衫shoes boots 靴子sandals 凉鞋sneakers 旅行鞋hesitate /heziteit / v. 徘徊,迟疑1 hesitate at/over/about sth He hesit
3、ates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断；2 hesitate to do sth Don t hesitate to say no. 3 hesitate in doing sth I hesitated in telling the truth. hesitation n. without hesitation 毫不徘徊serve /s.:v /1 v. 服务,为 .效力,接待（顾客）serve as担任serve a sentence 服刑He served two terms as President. 2 食物 足够 .人的份额The cake can serve ten p
4、eople. service n. 服务at ones service 为某人效劳adv. 蔑视地service station 加油站service industry 服务业scornfully /sk.:nf.li / Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. scorn v. 鄙视1 n. 鄙视,蔑视pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口气说到某人某事2 v. 鄙视,高傲的拒绝scorn sb. s invitation 高傲的拒绝某人的邀请名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -
5、第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全scorn sb. s advice 鄙视某人的建议A scornful look 鄙视的表情scorn sb. s offer 拒绝某人的帮忙2. scornful adj. 鄙视的,蔑视的A scornful smile 鄙视的笑容punish /p.ni. / v. 惩处1. punish sb. for sth The teacher punished him for cheating on the exam. give a lesson to sb. 教训某人一顿 teach sb. a lesson
6、教训某人一顿punishment n. 惩处capital punishment 死刑fur /f .:/ n. 裘皮,皮毛A coat of fur = a fur coat Make the fur fly 引起争执,打倒eager /i:. / adj. 热切的,期望的1 be eager for sth We are eager for success. 2 be eager to do sth The assistant was eager to serve her this time. 课文学问点A woman in jeans stood at the window of an
7、expensive shop. 1. dress, wear, put on, in, with 的用法小结in 是介词,后接表示衣服或颜色的词,着重于服装的款式或颜色；它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语；Can you see that woman in the blue coat. 你能观察那个穿啦外套的女士吗？He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今日他穿着黑色尼龙夹克；put on “ 穿上、戴上 ”,强调 “穿” “戴” 的动作,后接衣服、鞋帽等；I want you to put on this coat and this hat. Put on y
8、our heavy winter coat if you are going out. 我要你穿这件外套,戴这顶帽子；假如你要出去,穿上你的厚冬衣；wear “穿着；戴着 ” ,表示状态,宾语可以是衣帽,也可以是饰物、奖章等；例如：You d better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes. 穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子；Why does he often wear dark sunglasses. 他为什么常常戴着深色的太阳镜？dress的宾语通常是人,意思是“给 穿衣服 ”1） dress oneself 或 get dres
9、sed表示给自己穿衣服；My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了；It s time to wake up and get dressed. 该起床穿衣服了；2） be dressed in 的意思是 “穿着 ” ,表示状态；She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮外套；3） dress up 的意思是 “ 盛装装扮、乔装装扮”；I d like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我期望你为我的生日派对装扮装扮；名师归纳总结 - - - - -
10、 - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全with 表示穿戴,只能作定语,而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用,不能接衣服；以及某人有某生理特点；The boy with thick glasses is our monitor. 戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长；The police are looking for a man with a scar one his face. 警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的人；2. at 和 in 表示地点的区分1 在表示地点或场所时,一般来讲,较大的地方用 in, 较小的地方用 at There were a lot of
11、 people in the street. 街上有很多人；I would like to live in a warm country. 我喜爱住在一个气候暖和的国家；He lives at 27 West Street. 他住在西大街 27 号；I ll see you at the station. 我将到车站送你；2 当用 at 或 in 来谈论建筑物时,in 强调在建筑物里面,at 就笼统的指在这个建筑物四周；at the restaurant 可以是在餐馆里面,也可以在餐馆邻近in the restaurant 强调在餐馆里面3. expensive 贵的 cheap （廉价的）m
12、ore expensive/the most expensive cheaper/cheapest Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. 1. though 引导的让步条件句though 译为 ” 虽然 但是 “ 后面不行以加 but 2. 关于 moment 的词组at the moment 眼下 ,当前for the moment 临时 ,目前at this/that moment 在此、那时at this moment
13、in time 此时此刻in a moment 立刻、立刻for a moment 一会儿wait/just a moment 稍等一小会儿the last moment 最终一刻big moment 大好时机choose/pick your moment 挑选好的时机3. ask 的用法1）ask about sth sb 询问有关某人或某事的情形 2）ask after sb 问候某人 的健康 ；She asked about his health. 她询问他的健康状况；They all ask after you. 他们都问候你 的健康 ；3）ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求与
14、某人见面；4）ask sb for sth 向某人要某物或请某人给某物；He asked for some water. 他要些水；They asked me for help. 他们向我求助；5）ask to do sth 要求或恳求做某事；6）ask sb to do sth 请或叫某人做某事；He asked to go alone. 他要求一个人去；He asked us to wait for him. 他叫我们等他；The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 1. like 的用法1）like
15、 + 名词 /代词 表示喜爱某人或某物She likes her students very much. 2） like doing sth. 喜爱做某事I like reading. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全3） like to do sth.喜爱做某事I don t like to read this evening. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. 分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词1）现在分
16、词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系；He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门顺手关上；2）过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承担的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系；Faced with difficulties , we must try to overcome them. 3分词的否定形式就是在分词前加 not 在遇到困难的时候,我们必需设法克服；Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great
17、 deal. 由于长时间没有收到儿子的信,母亲特别焦急4）分词作状语时,要特殊留意其规律主语须和谓语动词的主语一样,否就分词必需有自己的主语；这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构,或独立主格；The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. 1. decide v.打算,决心；名词形式为decision1跟名词或代词It is the people who decide the fate of mankind. 打算人类命运的是人民；The question will
18、be decided by themselves. 问题将由他们自己打算；2跟不定式 decide to do sth He decided to give a one-man show. 他打算唱一段独角戏；3跟从句Lets first decide where we should go. It is not decided whether we will go there. 我们先打算一下到什么地方去；仍没有打算我们是不是去那儿；4跟介词短语 跟 on 或 upon,表示 “ 就某事做出打算” Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要
19、的事情不要匆忙做出打算；She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 1. the following morning = the next morning After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 1. seek sought sought seek sb/sth out 找出,搜寻出=
20、 reach out seek for = look for = search for Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 1. Not realizing who she was 分词的否定形式 2. be eager to do 热切的做某事名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.
21、1. As soon as, hardly when , no sooner than 的用法1 as soon as A 事发生后就做 B 这件事I ll write you as soon as I get there. 2 no sooner than 刚做完 A 这件事就做B 这件事He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 3 hardly when 几乎将来得及做完A 这件事就做B 这件事He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. She enjo
22、yed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 1. enjoy sb doing sth 高兴做某事2. 使役动词 make, let, have 1）make, let, have 后面的动词不定式不加to,即 make/have/let sb. do sth. 2）make sb. do sth 含迫使、强迫之意 让某人做某事I can t make him change his m
23、ind. 我无法使他转变想法；The teacher made the boy write the exercise again. 3）let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（无强迫之意）老师叫那个男孩把练习重做一遍；Don t let him persuade you. 不要让他把你说服了；Don t let the children touch anything in this room please. 3. 程度副词的种类 1. 确定请别让孩子们动这个房间里的任何东西；absolutely确定地,完全地 , almost（差不多,几乎）, completely完全地,完全地 , e
24、nough（足够地,充分地）, entirely（完全地,完全地）, extremely（极端地） , fairly （相当地,公正地）, far（遥远地,久远地）, just（只是,仅仅,才） , much（特别,很） , nearly（差不多,亲密地）, only（只,仅仅） , quite（相当,完全） , rather（宁可,宁愿）, really （真正地,实际上）, so（如此,这么）, too（太,也,很）, very（特别,很）等；2. 否定barely（仅仅,几乎不）, scarcely（几乎不,简直不）, hardly （几乎不,简直不）第 5 页,共 5 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -