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1、知识点大全Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam? 单词讲解Madam /m?d ?m / n. (对妇女的尊称) 太太，夫人信的称呼Dear madam 1. 关于女性的称呼Miss Mrs. 1) 对未婚女子姓名的称谓Miss Hill 夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前）Mrs. Brown 2) 小学生对女教师的尊称Miss Yu Ms.Madam(对妇女的尊称) 太太，夫人女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms. Mary 2. 关于男性的称呼Mr. Sir 先生（男子姓或姓名前，职务前）对男子的礼貌称呼Yes, sir Mr. White 怀特先生中小学生对男老师的称呼
2、Mr. President 总统先生信的称呼Dear Sir jeans /d?i:nz / n. 牛仔裤世界第一条牛仔裤的发明人Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特劳斯）clothes shirt 衬衫coat 大衣sweater 毛衣T-shirt T 恤衫dress 连衣裙skirt 短裙pants 裤子jacket 夹克衫vest 背心shoes boots 靴子sandals 凉鞋sneakers 旅游鞋hesitate /heziteit / v. 犹豫，迟疑1) hesitate at/over/about sth He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断
3、。2) hesitate to do sth Dont hesitate to say no. 3) hesitate in doing sth I hesitated in telling the truth. hesitation n. without hesitation 毫不犹豫serve /s?:v /1) v. 服务，为 .效力，接待（顾客）serve as 担任serve a sentence 服刑He served two terms as President. 2) (食物 )足够 .人的份额The cake can serve ten people. service n.
4、服务at one s service 为某人效劳service station 加油站service industry 服务业scornfully /sk?:nf?li / adv. 轻蔑地Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. scorn v. 鄙视1)n. 鄙视，轻蔑pour scorn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口气说到某人某事2) v. 鄙视，傲慢的拒绝scorn sb. s invitation 傲慢的拒绝某人的邀请精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
5、- - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页知识点大全scorn sb. s advice 鄙视某人的建议scorn sb. s offer 拒绝某人的帮助2. scornful adj. 鄙视的，轻蔑的A scornful smile 鄙视的笑容A scornful look 鄙视的表情punish /p?ni? / v. 惩罚1. punish sb. for sth The teacher punished him for cheating on the exam. give a lesson to sb. 教训某人一顿teach sb. a lesson 教训某人一顿punishment
6、n. 惩罚capital punishment 死刑fur /f ?:/ n. 裘皮，皮毛A coat of fur = a fur coat Make the fur fly 引起争吵，打倒eager /i: ? / adj. 热切的，渴望的1) be eager for sth We are eager for success. 2) be eager to do sth The assistant was eager to serve her this time. 课文知识点A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop
7、. 1. dress, wear, put on, in, with 的用法小结in 是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。Can you see that woman in the blue coat? 你能看见那个穿啦外套的女士吗？He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。put on “ 穿上、戴上 ” ，强调 “ 穿”“戴” 的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat. 我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。Put on
8、 your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。wear “ 穿着；戴着 ” ，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：You d better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes. 穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。Why does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜？dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“ 给 穿衣服 ”1） dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服
9、。My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。It s time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。2） be dressed in 的意思是 “ 穿着 ” ，表示状态。She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮大衣。3） dress up的意思是 “ 盛装打扮、乔装打扮” 。I d like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名
10、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页知识点大全with 表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用，不能接衣服。以及某人有某生理特征。The boy with thick glasses is our monitor. 戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。The police are looking for a man with a scar one his face. 警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的人。2. at 和 in 表示地点的区别1) 在表示地点或场所时，一般来讲，较大的地方用in, 较小的地方用at There were a lot of people in
11、the street. 街上有许多人。I would like to live in a warm country. 我喜欢住在一个气候温暖的国家。He lives at 27 West Street. 他住在西大街27 号。I ll see you at the station. 我将到车站送你。2) 当用 at 或 in 来谈论建筑物时，in 强调在建筑物里面，at 则笼统的指在这个建筑物周围。at the restaurant 可以是在餐馆里面，也可以在餐馆附近in the restaurant 强调在餐馆里面3. expensive (贵的 ) cheap （便宜的）more expe
12、nsive/the most expensive cheaper/cheapest Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. 1. though 引导的让步条件句though 译为” 虽然 但是 “后面不可以加but 2. 关于 moment 的词组at the moment 眼下 ,当前for the moment 暂时 ,目前at this/that moment 在此、那时at this moment in time 此时此
13、刻in a moment 立刻、马上for a moment 一会儿wait/just a moment 稍等一小会儿the last moment 最后一刻big moment 大好时机choose/pick your moment 选择好的时机3. ask 的用法1）ask about sth (sb) 询问有关某人或某事的情况2）ask after sb 问候某人 (的健康 )。She asked about his health. 她询问他的健康状况。They all ask after you. 他们都问候你(的健康 )。3）ask for sth要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。4）a
14、sk sb for sth 向某人要某物或请某人给某物。He asked for some water. 他要些水。They asked me for help. 他们向我求助。5）ask to do sth 要求或请求做某事。6）ask sb to do sth请或叫某人做某事。He asked to go alone. 他要求一个人去。He asked us to wait for him. 他叫我们等他。The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 1. like 的用法1）like + 名词 /代词
15、 表示喜欢某人或某物She likes her students very much. 2） like doing sth.喜欢做某事I like reading. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页知识点大全3） like to do sth.喜欢做某事I don t like to read this evening. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. 分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词
16、的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Faced with difficulties ， we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。3)分词的否定形式就是在分词前加not Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. 由于长
17、时间没有收到儿子的信，母亲非常着急4）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. 1. decide v.决定，决心；名词形式为decision1)跟名词或代词It is the people who decide the fate of mankind. 决定人类命运的是人民。The question will be decide
18、d by themselves. 问题将由他们自己决定。2)跟不定式decide to do sth He decided to give a one-man show. 他决定唱一段独角戏。3)跟从句Lets first decide where we should go. 我们先决定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there. 还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。4)跟介词短语 (跟 on或 upon,表示 “ 就某事做出决定” ) Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要
19、匆忙做出决定。She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 1. the following morning = the next morning After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 1. seek sought sought seek sb/sth out 找出，搜寻出= reac
20、h out seek for = look for = search for Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 1. Not realizing who she was 分词的否定形式2. be eager to do 热切的做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页知识点大全As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. 1.As s
21、oon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 的用法1)as soon as A 事发生后就做B 这件事I ll write you as soon as I get there. 2) no soonerthan 刚做完 A 这件事就做B 这件事He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 3) hardly when 几乎未来得及做完A 这件事就做B 这件事He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. She enjoyed hersel
22、f making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 1. enjoy sb doing sth 开心做某事2. 使役动词make, let, have 1）make, let, have 后面的动词不定式不加to，即 make/have/let sb. do sth. 2）make sb. do sth (含迫使、强迫之意) 让某人做某事I can t make him change his mind. 我无法使
23、他改变主意。The teacher made the boy write the exercise again. 教师叫那个男孩把练习重做一遍。3）let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（无强迫之意）Don t let him persuade you. 不要让他把你说服了。Don t let the children touch anything in this room please. 请别让孩子们动这个房间里的任何东西。3. 程度副词的种类1. 肯定absolutely(绝对地，完全地), almost（差不多，几乎）, completely(彻底地，完全地), enough（足够
24、地，充足地）, entirely（彻底地，完全地）, extremely（极端地） , fairly（相当地，公平地）, far（遥远地，久远地）, just（只是，仅仅，才）, much（非常，很） , nearly（差不多，密切地）, only（只，仅仅） , quite（相当，完全）, rather（宁可，宁愿）, really（真正地，实际上）, so （如此，这么）, too（太，也，很）, very（非常，很）等。2. 否定barely（仅仅，几乎不）, scarcely（几乎不，简直不）, hardly（几乎不，简直不）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页